1,720,955 research outputs found
Communal Property Associations (CPAs) as facilitators of South Africa's land reform poverty reduction strategies: the case study of Gauteng Province, South Africa
No full textAbstracts and keywords in English, Zulu and SesothoThis study investigated whether Communal Property Associations (CPAs) are effective structures for poverty reduction among beneficiaries of land reform in South Africa. The study adopted a qualitative research design, employing semi-structured in-depth telephonic interviews to collect data from 97 participants out of a population of 708 from the Tswelopele, Rama and Koppieskraal CPAs in the Gauteng province, South Africa. Ten percent of the participants were selected randomly from each CPA, using the purposive sampling technique. The findings revealed that beneficiaries gained very little material benefit from their nominal land ownership in terms of cash income or other livelihood activities. In the event where land was transferred with some business operating on it, once the CPA took over, the productivity deteriorated. However, this study concludes that CPAs as a legal entity are not the problem, and that the challenge lies in the obsessive focus on administrative compliance with the CPA Act, which relegates other CPA objectives of the communities (such as economic development) to ill-prepared CPA management structures. Additionally, the study found fault with the CPAs’ implementation process, which is poorly planned and shoddily executed, as many beneficiaries are simply given land after being instructed to establish a CPA, without the necessary support – resulting in dysfunctional CPAs with no expansion of livelihoods. This study concludes that South Africa’s government policies on land reform are fragmented. To mitigate against these challenges, the study recommends that government should revamp CPA policy and project management to fully realise the CPAs’ potential to achieve poverty alleviation. This should include an overarching comprehensive and inclusive policy on the legal entities of land reform, which should address coordination, or reconceptualise the CPA resettlement processes. It should stipulate individual, household and group rights on CPA farms, and the rules of distributing benefits and employment opportunities. Such a policy must also outline the integrated development planning processes of the CPAs and clarify the role of traditional authorities. In a CPA’s management structure, a CPA Project Manager with various fiduciary responsibilities should be appointed and they must account to the CPA’s management committee, which should act as a board or steering committee. This way, CPAs could sustainably address various development issues, including poverty reduction.Lolu cwaningo luphenye ukuthi ingabe Izinhlangano Zezakhiwo Zomphakathi (CPAs) ziyizinhlaka ezisebenzayo zokunciphisa ububha kwabahlomula ngokubuyiswa komhlaba eNingizimu Afrika. Ucwaningo lwamukele indlela yocwaningo eqoqa nehlaziya imininingwane engeyona izinombolo, lusebenzisa izingxoxo zocingo ezijulile ukuze kuqoqwe imininingwane kubahlanganyeli abangama-97 kubantu abangama-708 abavela kuma-CPA aseTswelopele, eRama naseKoppieskraal esifundazweni saseGauteng, eNingizimu Afrika. Amaphesenti ayishumi ababambiqhaza akhethwe ngokungahleliwe ku-CPA ngayinye, kusetshenziswa indlela yesampula lapho umcwaningi ethembela ekwahluleleni kwakhe, Okutholakele kuveze ukuthi abahlomuli bathola inzuzo encane kakhulu ebunikazini babo bomhlaba ngokwemali engenayo noma eminye imisebenzi yokuziphilisa. Esimeni lapho umhlaba udluliswa kunebhizinisi elithile elisebenza kuwo, uma i-CPA ithatha izintambo, ukukhiqiza kwahohloka. Kodwa-ke, lolu cwaningo luphetha ngokuthi ama-CPA njengenhlangano esemthethweni awayona inkinga, nokuthi inselelo isekugxilweni okugxilile ekuthotshelweni koMthetho we-CPA, owehlisa ezinye izinjongo ze-CPA zemiphakathi (njengokuthuthukiswa komnotho) ukungalungiselelwa kahle kwezakhiwo zokuphatha ze-CPA. Ukwengeza, ucwaningo lwathola iphutha ngenqubo yokuqaliswa kwe-CPAs, engahlelwanga kahle futhi eyenziwe budedengu, njengoba abahlomuli abaningi bavele banikezwe umhlaba ngemuva kokuyalelwa ukuthi basungule i-CPA, ngaphandle kokusekelwa okudingekayo - okuholela ekungasebenzini kahle kwama-CPA ngaphandle kokunwetshwa kwezindlela zokuziphilisa. Lolu cwaningo luphetha ngokuthi izinqubomgomo zikahulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika mayelana nokubuyiselwa komhlaba zihlukene phakathi. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukulwa nalezi zinselele, ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi uhulumeni kufanele avuselele inqubomgomo ye-CPA kanye nokuphathwa kwephrojekthi ukuze afeze ngokugcwele amandla ama-CPA okufeza ukuqeda ubumpofu. Lokhu kufanele kubandakanye inqubomgomo ebanzi nebandakanyayo yezinhlangano ezingokomthetho zokubuyiselwa komhlaba, okufanele ibhekane nokudidiyela, noma icabange kabusha izinqubo zokuhlaliswa kabusha kwe-CPA. Kufanele icacise amalungelo omuntu ngamunye, asekhaya kanye namaqembu emapulazini e-CPA, kanye nemithetho yokusabalalisa izinzuzo namathuba omsebenzi. Inqubomgomo enjalo kufanele futhi iveze izinqubo zokuhlela zentuthuko ezididiyelwe zama-CPA futhi icacise iqhaza leziphathimandla zendabuko. Ohlakeni lokuphatha lwe-CPA, Umphathi wephrojekthi we-CPA onezibopho ezehlukene kufanele aqokwe futhi kufanele aziphendulele ekomitini labaphathi be-CPA, okufanele lisebenze njengebhodi noma ikomidi eliqondisayo. Ngale ndlela, ama-CPA angabhekana ngokuzinzile nezindaba ezihlukene zentuthuko, okuhlanganisa ukuncishiswa kobumpofu.Thuto ena e ile ya fuputsa hore na Mekgatlo ya Thepa ya Setjhaba (Communal Property Associations) (CPAs) ke mekgatlo e sebetsang hantle bakeng sa phokotso ya bofuma hara bajalefa ba ntjhafatso ya mobu Afrika Borwa. Thuto ena e amohetse moralo wa dipatlisiso tsa boleng, bo sebedisa dipuisano tse tebileng tsa mohala ho bokella dintlha ho tswa ho bankakarolo ba 97 hara baahi ba 708 ba Tswelopele. Rama le Koppieskraal CPAs profinseng ya Gauteng, Afrika Borwa. Diphesente tse leshome tsa bankakarolo ba kgethilwe ka mokgwa o sa rerwang ho tswa ho CPA ka nngwe, ho sebediswa mokgwa wa ho etsa disampole. Diphumano di senotse hore bajalefa ba fumane melemo e fokolang haholo ho tloha ho beng ba bona ba mobu ho latela lekeno la tjhelete kapa mesebetsi e meng ya boiphediso. Ketsahalong eo mobu o neng o fetisetswa kgwebong e itseng hang ha CPA e nka taolo, tlhahiso e ile ya senyeha ho ya pele. Leha ho le jwalo, thuto ena e phethela ka hore di-CPAs jwalo ka setheo sa molao ha se bothata, le hore phephetso e hodima ho tsepamisa maikutlo hodima taolo ya tsamaiso le Molao wa CPA, o behang dipheo tse ding tsa CPA tsa setjhaba (jwalo ka ntshetsopele ya moruo) ho ho se sebetse hantle- ha meaho ya tsamaiso ya CPA. Ho feta moo, thuto e fumane phoso tshebetsong ya ketsahatso ya CPAs, e rerilweng hampe le ho sebetswa ka mokgwa o fokolang, kaha bajalefa ba bangata ba fuwa mobu ka mora ho laelwa ho theha CPA, ntle le tshehetso e hlokahalang – se bakang ho se sebetse hantle ha CPAs ho se na katoloso ya mekgwa ya boiphediso. Thuto ena e phethela ka hore maano a mmuso wa Afrika Borwa mabapi le ntlafatso ya mobu a arohane. Ho bebofatsa diqholotso tsena, thuto e kgothaletsa hore mmuso o lokise leano la CPA le tsamaiso ya projeke ho phethahatsa ka botlalo ho fumana bokgoni ba di-CPA ba ho fihlela phokotso ya bofuma. Sena se lokela ho kenyelletsa leano le akareditseng tsohle le kenyelletsang mabapi le mekgatlo ya molao ya tlhabollo ya mobu, le lokelang ho sebetsana le dikgokahano, kapa ho lemoha botjha ditshebetso tsa ho dula botjha tsa CPA.E tlameha ho hlakisa ditokelo tsa motho ka mong, tsa malapa le tsa sehlopha mapolasing a CPA, le melao ya ho aba melemo le menyetla ya mesebetsi. Leano le jwalo le tlameha hape ho hlalosa mekgwa e kopanetsweng ya moralo wa ntshetsopele ya di-CPA le ho hlakisa karolo ya babusi ba setso. Sebopehong sa tsamaiso ya CPA, ho lokela ho kgethwa Mookameli wa Projeke ya CPA ya nang le boikarabelo bo fapaneng ba botshepehi mme a ikarabelle ho komiti ya tsamaiso ya CPA, e lokelang ho sebetsa e le boto kapa komiti e tsamaisang. Ka tsela ena, di-CPA di ka rarolla mathata a fapaneng a ntshetsopele, ho kenyeletswa phokotso ya bofuma.M.A. (Developmenal Studies)Development Studie
Women’s landownership under the Fast Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP) : a case study of Seke District, Zimbabwe
Get PDFTitle and text in English, with abstract and keywords in English, Zulu and AfrikaansGlobally, women have less access to land and own less land than men. Women make up on average less than 20 per cent of the world’s landholders but make up an estimated 43 per cent of the agricultural labour force (Facio 2017). Despite their important role in agriculture and food security, women have limited access to land compared to men. The Zimbabwean Fast Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP), like previous land reform programmes such as Land Reform and Resettlement Programmes 1 and 2, has fallen short in ensuring gender equity in land redistribution, affecting women’s livelihoods negatively. The aim of the study was to assess the extent to which the FTLRP has incorporated gender interests at policy level and in implementation practice by evaluating the provision made by the Inception Phase Framework Plan 1999–2000 and the Government Land Reform Policy Document of 2001 for women to access and own land in Zimbabwe. The study determined how the Inception Phase Framework Plan 1999–2000 and the Government Land Reform Policy Document of 2001 influence women’s access to and control and use of land under the FTLRP in Zimbabwe; explored the socioeconomic impact of the limitations that Zimbabwean customary law imposes on women's landownership under the FTLRP; and determined the extent to which the FTLRP makes provision for women to acquire land and derive livelihoods from it. A qualitative research approach was adopted for the study. Secondary data on gender and the FTLRP, such as government policy documents, and international and regional legal frameworks on women’s land rights, were used in the study. The data obtained in this way were complemented by field research undertaken in Seke District, Mashonaland East, Zimbabwe. Beneficiaries of the FTLRP at Dartmoor and Ellerdale farms and government officials involved in the land allocation process in Seke District were purposively selected as key informants in the study since they had information on how the FTLRP has been carried out and how women have accessed land in the district. A total of thirty participants from Dartmoor and Ellerdale farms, one government official of the Ministry of Lands, Agriculture and Rural Resettlement (Department of Lands) and one Agricultural Research Extension officer (AREX) officer from the Crop and Livestock Department were selected for interviews. The findings revealed that the FTLRP does not have a gender policy. The main policy focus of the FTLRP is equitable land redistribution between races; gender is not prioritised. It is recommended that the Zimbabwean government adopt an inclusive development policy that will ensure gender mainstreaming in the land reform process to achieve meaningful and sustainable development. Legal policies on women’s landownership should be fully implemented.Emhlabeni jikelele, abesifazane banokufinyelela okunacane kumhlaba futhi banomhlaba omncane kunabesilisa. Abesifazane ngokwesilinganiso bangaphansi kwamaphesenti angama-20 abanikazi bomhlaba emhlabeni kodwa balinganiselwa kumaphesenti angama-43 abantu abasebenza kwezolimo. Ngaphezu kweqhaza labo elibalulekile kwezolimo kanye nokuvikeleka kokudla, abesifazane banokuncane ukufinyelela emhlabeni uma kuqhathaniswa nabesilisa. Uhlelo Olusheshayo Lokuguqulwa Komhlaba lwaseZimbabwean, njengezinhlelo zangaphambilini zokubuyiswa komhlaba ezifana nezinhlelo zokubuyiswa komhlaba kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlaliswa kabusha zoku-1 nezesi- 2, selwehlile ekuqinisekiseni ukulingana ngokobulili ekwabiweni kabusha komhlaba, okuthinta impilo yabesifazane kabi. Inhloso yocwaningo bekuwukuhlola ukuthi Uhlelo Olusheshayo Lokuguqulwa Komhlaba lifake kangakanani intshisekelo yobulili ezingeni lenqubomgomo nasekusetshenzisweni kokwenziwayo ngokuhlola ukuhlinzekwa okwenziwa Uhlelo Lokuqala Lohlaka Lwesigaba sonyaka we-1999–2000 kanye Nomqulu Kahulumeni Wokuguqulwa Komhlaba wonyaka wezi-2001 wabesifazane. ukufinyelela nokuba nobunikazi bomhlaba eZimbabwe. Ucwaningo lunqume ukuthi Uhlelo Lokuqala Lohlaka Lwesigaba sonyaka we-1999–2000 kanye Nomqulu Kahulumeni Wokuguqulwa Komhlaba wonyaka wezi-2001 zinethonya kanjani ekufinyeleleni nasekulawuleni nasekusetshenzisweni komhlaba ngaphansi koHlelo Olusheshayo Lokuguqulwa Komhlaba eZimbabwe; yahlola umthelela wenhlalakahle yezomnotho wemikhawulo ebekwa ngumthetho wesintu waseZimbabwe kubunikazi bomhlaba babesifazane ngaphansi koHlelo Olusheshayo Lokuguqulwa Komhlaba; futhi yanquma ukuthi Uhlelo Olusheshayo Lokuguqulwa Komhlaba yenza kangakanani ukuhlinzekela ukuthi abesifazane bathole umhlaba futhi bathole indlela yokuziphilisa kuwo. Kuye kwamukelwa indlela yocwaningo lwesimo kulesi sifundo. Iminingwane elandelayo engeyesibili yobulili noHlelo Olusheshayo Lokuguqulwa Komhlaba, efana nemibhalo yenqubomgomo kahulumeni, nezinhlaka zomthetho zamazwe ngamazwe nezesifunda ngamalungelo omhlaba wabesifazane, zisetshenziswe ocwaningweni. Imininingwane etholwe ngale ndlela ihambisane nocwaningo olwenziwe esiFundeni iSeke, Empumalanga neMashonaland, eZimbabwe. Abahlomuli boHlelo Olusheshayo Lokuguqulwa Komhlaba emapulazini ase-Dartmoor nase-Ellerdale kanye nezikhulu zikahulumeni ezibambe iqhaza ohlelweni lokwabiwa komhlaba esiFundeni saseSeke baqokwe ngenhloso njengabanolwazi olubalulekile ocwaningweni njengoba babenolwazi lokuthi Uhlelo Olusheshayo Lokuguqulwa Komhlaba yenziwe kanjani nokuthi abesifazane bawuthole kanjani umhlaba kuyisifunda. Isamba sababambiqhaza abangamashumi amathathu abavela emapulazini ase-Dartmoor nase-Ellerdale, isikhulu sikahulumeni esisodwa soMnyango Wezemihlaba, EzoLimo Nokuhlaliswa Kabusha Kwezindawo Zasemakhaya (uMnyango Wezemihlaba) kanye nesikhulu esisodwa seSandiso Socwaningo Lwezolimo soMnyango Wezitshalo Nemfuyo bakhethelwe inhlolokhono. Okutholakele kuveze ukuthi Uhlelo Olusheshayo Lokuguqulwa Komhlaba alinawo umgomo wobulili. Okugxilwe kakhulu kwenqubomgomo yoHlelo Olusheshayo Lokuguqulwa Komhlaba ukwabiwa kabusha komhlaba ngokulinganayo phakathi kwezinhlanga; ubulili abubekwa phambili. Kunconywa ukuthi uhulumenI weZimbabwe athathe umthetho wentuthuko ogoqela abantu ozaqinisekisa ukuthi ubulili buqakathekiswa kuhlelo lokubuyiswa komhlaba ukuze kube nentuthuko ezwakalayo njalo futhi eqhubekayo. Izinqubomgomo zomthetho mayelana nokuba nomhlaba kwabesifazane kufanele zisetshenziswe ngokugcwele.Vroue wêreldwyd het minder toegang tot grond en besit minder grond in vergelyking met mans. Vroue maak gemiddeld minder as 20 persent van die wêreld se grondeienaars uit, maar vorm na raming 43 persent van die landbou-arbeidsmag. Ten spyte van die belangrike rol wat hulle in landbou en voedselsekerheid speel, het vroue beperkte toegang tot grond, vergeleke met mans. Net soos vorige grondhervormingsprogramme soos die sogenaamde Land Reform and Resettlement Programmes (1 and 2), het die Zimbabwean Fast Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP) nie aan die vereistes voldoen om geslagsgelykheid ten opsigte van die herverdeling van grond te verseker nie, en dit het ’n negatiewe uitwerking op vroue se bestaan gehad.
Die oogmerk van hierdie studie was om te bepaal in watter mate die FTLRP geslagsbelange op beleidsvlak en in implementeringspraktyk geïnkorporeer het, deur die bepaling te evalueer wat deur die Inception Phase Framework Plan 1999–2000 en die Government Land Reform Policy Document of 2001 daargestel is sodat vroue grond in Zimbabwe kan bekom en kan besit. Die studie het bepaal hoe die Inception Phase Framework Plan 1999–2000 en die Government Land Reform Policy Document of 2001 vroue se toegang tot grond en hul beheer oor en gebruik van grond onder die FTLRP in Zimbabwe beïnvloed. Verder het die studie die sosio-ekonomiese impak van die beperkings wat Zimbabwe se gewoontereg op vroue se grondbesit onder die FTLRP plaas, ondersoek; en die mate bepaal waarin die FTLRP voorsiening maak vir vroue om grond te bekom en ’n bestaan daaruit te maak. ’n Kwalitatiewe navorsingsbenadering is tydens die studie gevolg. Sekondêre data oor geslag en die FTLRP, soos regeringsbeleidsdokumente, en internasionale sowel as streekswetsraamwerke oor vroue se grondregte, is in die studie gebruik. Die data wat op hierdie wyse bekom is, is aangevul deur veldnavorsing wat onderneem is in die Seke-distrik, Mashonaland-Oos, Zimbabwe. Voordeeltrekkers van die FTLRP op die Dartmoor- en Ellerdale-plase, sowel as staatsamptenare wat by die grondtoewysingsproses in die Seke-distrik betrokke is, is doelbewus gekies as sleutelinformante in die studie, omdat hulle oor inligting beskik het van hoe die FTLRP uitgevoer is en hoe vroue grond in die distrik verkry het. Altesaam dertig deelnemers van die Dartmoor- en Ellerdale-plase, een staatsamptenaar van die Ministerie van Grond, Landbou en Landelike Hervestiging (Departement van Grond) en een Agricultural Research Extension (AREX)-beampte van die Gewasse- en Lewendehawe-departement is vir onderhoude gekies. Die bevindinge het getoon dat die FTLRP nie ’n geslagsbeleid het nie. Die vernaamste beleidsfokus van die FTLRP is regverdige herverdeling van grond tussen rasse; geslag geniet nie voorkeur nie. Daar word aanbeveel dat die Zimbabwiese regering ’n inklusiewe ontwikkelingsbeleid volg, wat die hoofstroming van geslag in die grondhervormingsproses sal verseker, ten einde betekenisvolle en volhoubare ontwikkeling te bewerkstellig. Wetsbeleide oor vroue se grondbesit moet ten volle geïmplementeer word.M.A. (Development Studies)Development Studie
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Factors with significance on vandalism of on-farm infrastructure at the Musekwa Valley, Vhembe District of Limpopo Province, South Africa
Get PDFIn some parts of the Vhembe District in Limpopo Province of South Africa, vandalism is becoming a serious problem, and solutions are not easy to find. Vandalism has had a variety of negative impacts on livestock farmers. A few studies have studied the concept of vandalism, but studies employing empirical models to determine the factors that are of significance to vandalism are conspicuously rare, if not absent. This paper investigated factors of significance to on-farm infrastructural vandalism in the Musekwa Valley of the Vhembe District, Limpopo Province. The study used a mixed method approach and collected data using a cross-cultural semi structured questionnaire instrument translated from English into the native Tshivenda. Data were collected from fifty-five (n=55) purposively selected primary participants who were interviewed using face to face approach. Additional data were collected through key informant interviews administered on purposively selected key informants (n = 4), focus group discussions were done, and transect walks were employed for observation purposes. A binary logistic regression model was fitted to the data, and the following factors emerged as significant to vandalism: age, gender, education level, ownership of cattle, exposure to information, household expenditure, and reporting of incidents of vandalism to authorities. It is recommended that a community-based approach is adopted to find solutions to the problem of vandalism, to avoid a top-down approach that residents might undermine
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
