143 research outputs found
Tokugawa Confucian Education: The Kangien Academy of Hirose Tanso (Book Review)
No full textAuthor Institution: University of California, Los Angele
Correction to: Intra-ligamentary autologous conditioned plasma and healing response to treat partial ACL ruptures (Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, (2018), 138, 5, (675-683), 10.1007/s00402-018-2885-1)
No full textWith regards to Berardo Di Matteo, second author. The author's name is incorrectly listed on Pub-Med. The first and last name have been mixed up
Subjectivity Making in Undocumented Immigrant Student Organizing
No full textThis report explores the ways in which the deserving/undeserving immigrant binary politically targets subject for incorporation into a national neoliberal project, while excluding others. Simultaneously, the author also investigates the ways in which these targeted subjects have organized in response to structural inequities and in the process, have been making their own sense of political subjectivity. In this research, the author aims to answer what are the myths of good immigrant that have been created around undocumented immigrant students that produces a kind of exceptionalism that justifies incorporation? In what ways are undocumented student organizers consenting and contesting these narratives?University of California, Los Angele
EVALUATION OF THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF OTAMIXABAN VERSUS UNFRACTIONATED HEPARIN+EPTIFIBATIDE IN PATIENTS WITH NON-ST-ELEVATION ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES BY PCI IN THE SEPIA-ACS1 TIMI 42 TRIAL
No full textLa tradizione manoscritta del "Livre du gouvernement des roys et des princes" di Henri de Gauchy. Studio filologico e saggio di edizione
No full textLa presente tesi di dottorato si pone l’obiettivo di riaggiornare gli studi sulla tradizione manoscritta del Livre du gouvernement des roys et des princes, la prima traduzione francese del De regimine principum di Egidio Romano, trattato didattico-morale ascrivibile al genere degli specula principis, incentrato sull’educazione e sulla formazione del principe e composto dal teologo agostiniano intorno al 1277-80 su commissione del re di Francia, Filippo III detto l’Ardito. Indirizzato al figlio e successore al trono, Filippo IV il Bello, il De regimine principum condensa in tre libri l’Etica, l’Economica e la Politica di Aristotele, spesso mutuate dal commento di Tommaso d’Aquino. Pertanto, oltre alla rilevanza politica, tale trattato rappresenta anche una tappa fondamentale nel processo di trasmissione del pensiero aristotelico. L’importanza storico-letteraria del De regimine principum fu probabilmente percepita già all’epoca tanto che lo stesso re di Francia, Filippo III, ne ordina una traduzione in francese, eseguita nel 1282 da Henri de Gauchy, canonico di San Martino di Liegi, operante alla corte di Francia.
La tradizione manoscritta di questa prima traduzione francese è l’oggetto della presente tesi. Nel corso del primo capitolo del presente lavoro si illustrano i risultati ottenuti in seguito alle operazioni di recensio e collatio del testimoniale, che ad oggi ammonta a 39 testimoni. Sulla base di una serie di loci critici e dopo aver raggruppato famiglie, gruppi e sottogruppi, si è quindi tracciato uno stemma codicum, che non solo ha permesso di approfondire le questioni riguardanti la diffusione del testo, ma anche di stabilire nuovi criteri di edizione in modo da superare la datata (ed unica) edizione del Gouvernement, pubblicata dallo studioso statunitense Samuel Paul Molenaer nel 1899 e basata sul solo codice N.
Nel secondo capitolo si è dato spazio alla descrizione codicologica dei singoli testimoni mentre nel terzo capitolo è stato contestualizzato il Gouvernement da un punto di vista storico-letterario, chiarendo prima di tutto il rapporto tra fonte e volgarizzamento.
Nuovi criteri di edizione sono quindi alla base del saggio di edizione proposto, il cui obiettivo è quello di restituire un testo quanto più prossimo all’originale, ma anche di rappresentare diacronicamente la tradizione. Si è infatti dato spazio anche al testo critico di una selezione di capitoli delle due redazioni alternative del testo (z e ω) e del capitolo latino che riaffiora in un sottogruppo della tradizione.
In appendice, infine, si presenta il testo critico, corredato da un parziale studio delle fonti, delle interpolazioni proprie della redazione z, che tra le altre particolarità macro-strutturali, amalgama nel testo del Gouvernement materiali provenienti da altre tradizioni.This PhD thesis has the aim of upgrading the studies about the manuscript tradition of the Livre du gouvernement des roys et des princes, the first French translation of Gile of Rome’s De regimine principum, a didactic and moral treatise about the king’s education. Belonging to specula principis genre, it was composed by the augustinian theologian around the years 1277-80 to order by the French king, Philip III the Bold.
Dedicated to his son and future king of France, Philip IV the Fair, the De regimine principum also represents an important step in the process of Aristotelian thought’s transmission because the author uses the Aristotle’s canonical trisection, that is the personal formation of the man, the managing of the family and the administration of the reing (Ethichs, Economics and Politics). Its political influence was perceived by the same king Philip III, that orders also a French translation of the text, probably cause of extending the precepts to all social classes of the reign. The translation was executed by Henri de Gauchy, a St. Martin of Liege’s canon (1282).
In the first chapter I present the results of the recensio and collatio’s operations, analysing the manuscript tradition, that today contains 39 witnesses. Using a selection of text’s loci critici I have established families and groups, outlining a stemma codicum, that enables to determine new editorial criteria in order to overcome the only existent edition of Gouvernement, published by Samuel Paul Molenaer in the 1899, on the basis of only one manuscript, the codex N.
In the second chapter I describe the 39 witnesses from a codicological point of view and in the third I present the historical and litterary framework of this translation, focusing in particular on the link between the source and this vernacular version.
The new editorial criteria support a partial edition of the text: I present the critical text of a selection of chapters, with the aim of rebuilding a text as much as possible closer to the original. In addition, I propose also the critical edition of some chapters of the two alternative versions (z and ω versions) in order to provide a proof of the diachronic aspect of the manuscript tradition.
In an appendix, I propose also the critical text and a partial study of the interpolations that interest the z version, in which converge some materials derivated from other manuscript traditions.L’objectif de la présente thèse de doctorat est de mettre à jour l’état des recherches sur la tradition manuscrite du Livre du gouvernement des roys et des princes, la première traduction française du De regimine principum de Gilles de Rome, un traité didactico-moral appartenant au genre des specula principis, focalisé sur l’éducation et sur la formation du prince et probablement composé par cet ecclésiastique entre 1277 et 1280. L’œuvre, commanditée par le roi de France Philippe III, dit le Hardi, fut dédiée à son fils, Philippe IV le Bel ; elle est divisée en trois livres, traitant respectivement la discipline de l’individu, de la famille et de l’État sur la base de la tripartition aristotélicienne, Éthique, Économique et Politique. Conscient de l’importance politique de ce texte, quelques années plus tard, le roi en personne commande une traduction française du De regimine principum qu’entreprendra Henri de Gauchy, chanoine de Saint-Martin de Liège, probablement dans le but de lire et de faire lire à la cour un manuel de philosophie pratique qui, comme on l’a souligné plusieurs fois dans les chapitres du texte, a pour objectif de former et d’éduquer d’abord l’homme et ensuite le roi.
Dans le premier chapitre de la thèse sont présentés les résultats de la recensio et de la collatio de 39 témoins. Sur la base d’un certain nombre de loci critici nous avons donc établi les familles et les groupements de façon à proposer un stemma codicum, qui permette d’approfondir la diffusion du texte, mais aussi d’établir de nouveaux critères d’édition afin de dépasser la seule édition actuellement disponible du Gouvernement, publiée par Samuel Paul Molenaer en 1899 sur la base du seul manuscrit N.
Dans le deuxième chapitre nous décrivons chaque témoin d’un point de vue codicologique ; dans le troisième, enfin, nous avons mis en contexte l’opération de traduction, en situant le Gouvernement d’abord par rapport à sa source et ensuite par rapport à son milieu historique et littéraire.
Les nouveaux critères d’édition que nous avons proposés ont été appliqués, en guise d’échantillon, à une sélection de chapitres du Gouvernement afin de proposer un texte critique destiné à restituer un texte aussi proche que possible de l’original, tout en représentant la tradition manuscrite d’un point de vue diachronique. Nous avons, en effet, également édité certains chapitres des deux versions alternatives du texte, nommées z e ω.
En annexe, enfin, nous présentons aussi le texte critique des interpolations de la version z avec une étude partielle des sources utilisées par cette compilation particulière
Shared Tree Wireless Network Multicast
No full textIn this paper, we propose a multicast protocol for a multihop, mobile wireless network with cluster based routing and token access protocol within each cluster. The multicast protocol uses a shared tree which is dynamically updated to adjust to changes in topology and membership #i.e. dynamic joins and quits#. Two options for tree maintenance have been simulated and evaluated: "hard state" #i.e. each connection must be explicitly cleared# and "soft state" #each connection is automatically timed out and must be refreshed#. For the soft state policy, the performance of di#erentchoices of timeout and refresh timers is #rst analyzed for a range of node mobilityvalues. Next, soft state and hard state policies are compared based on throughput, join delay, and control overhead criteria. Keywords : Routing, Multicast, Clustering, Multihop Wireless Networks, Hard state, Soft State Contact: Ching-Chuan Chiang #corresponding author# Computer Science Department, UCLA 405 Hilgard Avenue Los Angele..
Dance for Camera. Theoretical and Practical Principles.
No full textDisertační práce se zaměřuje na provázanost tanečního a filmového umění.
Dotýká se experimentální tvorby počátku 20. století, přechází k Maye Derenové,
Yvonne Rainerové a Angele Schanelecové a videoartistům, aby poukázala na
stanovisko autorky této práce k žánru screen dance. Stejně tak prostřednictvím
současných filmařů a choreografů předkládá jejich specifický přístup k žánru,
který tvoří základ praktického výzkumu. Předložený koncept výuky semináře
taneční katedry HAMU, Tanec a kamera, je podložen metodikou britské umělkyně
Becky Edmundsové, ale i osobní zkušeností autorky s žánrem screen dance.
Cvičení a úkoly i teoretická část disertace pokrývají znalosti nutné ke schopnosti
vytvoření choreografie pro kameru.The dissertation focuses on the interconnection of dance and film art. It looks at
experimental production from the beginning of the 20th century, then it
continues by Maya Deren, Yvonne Rainer and Angela Schanelec and videoartists
to show the perception of the author of this thesis on the screen dance genre.
Along with the theoretical study, the practical research of the author is based on
specific attitude of contemporary filmmakers and choreographers to the genre
screen dance. Finally, the thesis shows concept of education of the seminar The
Dance and Camera taught on The Music and Dance Faculty at the University of
Performing Arts, which is based on the methodology of Becky Edmunds as well
as on the personal experience of the author of this thesis. The exercises and
works along with the theoretical knowledge of the thesis covers the ability to
create choreography for camera
Dynamiques de transfictionnalité et d’intercyclicité dans quelques sommes arthuriennes en moyen français. Un nouvel essai de stemmatologie arthurienne
No full textIl Duecento letterario francese è percorso dalla moda dei romanzi arturiani in prosa: inanzitutto, dopo i romanzi in versi di Chrétien, vi è il “petit cycle” del Graal, prima in versi, poi in prosa, attribuito a Robert de Boron; questo sarà presto seguito dal ciclo di Lancelot e di quello di Tristan en prose e del Guiron le Courtois; infine, trent’anni dopo, sarà scritto da un Veneziano sotto lo pseudonimo di Richard d’Irlande, le Prophéties de Merlin, un romanzo dalla straordinaria creatività. Fa seguito un periodo di relativa “calma” prima della diffusione, alla fine del Quattrocento, degli ultimi cicli arturiani in prosa francese: Ysaÿe le Triste e Perceforest.
La produzione ridotta di materiale arturiano tra la fine del Duecento e del Quattrocento, benché tradisca uno stallo creativo, non si accompagna alla mancanza di interesse suscitata dalla materia arturiana: anzi, un’ampia produzione manoscritta, a volte di lusso, a volte più umile, assiemme al passaggio alla stampa dei grandi cicli arturiani tra Quattro- e Cinquecento, tradiscono la presenza di un pubblico ancora ben nutrito. Quest’epoca vide anche la costituzione delle « versioni vulgate » sia del Tristan che del Guiron, la composizione di suites e di riscritture, e l’elaborazione di compilazione arturiane, tra cui l’ormai famosissima compilazione arturiana (assieme alla sorella minore, la compilazione guironiana) di Rustichello da Pisa. Infine, la moda dei romanzi arturiani si manifesta anche in alcune rappresentazioni teatrali, in particolare nei pas d’armes dell’aristocrazia borgognona e fiamminga. Si tratta anche di una delle epoche più importanti per l’enciclopedismo medioevale, di cui si scorge un riflesso nei tentativi di costituire delle summae arturiane in cui confluisce tutta la materia pre-esistente. Un esempio è costituito dall’eccezionale ms. Paris, BnF, fr. 112.
Lo sviluppo dei cicli arturiani, dalla fine del secolo XII all’alba del Rinascimento francese, è stato oggetto di numerosissimi lavori, dai primi tentativi degli studenti di Gaston Paris fino alle ricerche più recenti, come quelle di Patrick Moran o Noémie Chardonnens, passando per le notevoli ricostruzioni di Fanni Bogdanow o di Cedric Pickford. Ma tutti questi commenti sulla genesi e lo sviluppo della materia arturiana in prosa francese s’imbattono in un ostacolo maggiore: la mancanza di un dato fondamentale, ossia una conoscenza precisa della genealogia dei manoscritti, senza la quale è solo possibile fornire un commento basandosi sulle edizioni critiche o sull’esame di ciascun testimone in quanto oggetto semiotico isolato.
La nostra tesi, erede dell’esperienza del Gruppo Guiron, propone quindi un tentativo di andare oltre i limiti di questi approcci, provando ad affrontare il caso della fortuna interciclica di Alexandre l’Orphelin e del Tournoi de Sorelois, due piccole serie di episodi tratti dalle Prophéties de Merlin ed inserite nella quarta versione del Tristan en prose, nelle continuazioni di due testimoni di Guiron le Courtois e nel ms. Paris, BnF, fr. 112, che proveremo a confrontare con altri due casi di interpolazione interciclica dello stesso tipo: l’interpolazione di estratti dell’Agravain nelle terza e quarta versioni del Tristan en prose, da un lato, e, dall’altro, l’interpolazione dell’Erec en prose borgognone nel ms. Paris, BnF, fr. 358-363. Per raggiungere quest’obiettivo, abbiamo fatto ricorso innanzitutto ad un approccio strettamente filologico, i cui risultati ci hanno consentito di proporre qualche ipotesi relativa alla costituzione ed alla diffusione dei cicli e delle loro suites, da un punto di vista più narratologico e poetico.
Questa tesi è strutturata come segue. Dopo un primo capitolo, introduttivo, dedicato allo status quæstionis delle nostre conoscenze sulla diffusione dei cicli arturiani, con un focus sulle sue forze e sui suoi limiti, abbiamo proposto un ulteriore stato dell’arte relativo ai cicli arturiani che abbiamo scelto come oggetto di studio: le Prophéties de Merlin, Guiron le Courtois e le terza e quarta versioni del Tristan en prose. Dopodiché, abbiamo tentato di stabilire uno stemma codicum, prima per i testi al centro del nostro studio (Alexandre l’Orphelin e Tournoi de Sorelois), poi, basandosi su alcuni loci critici selezionati secondo criteri esplicitati, per le versioni tardive del Tristan en prose e delle Prophéties de Merlin. I risultati di questi studi, per forza parziali, ci hanno consentito poi di studiare, benché con conoscenze parziali, la diffusione interciclica di Alexandre l’Orphelin e del Tournoi de Sorelois in un modo che permetta di prendere in considerazione gli interventi della tradizione testuale di fronte all’inserzione di un racconto esterno, allogeno. Li abbiamo poi confrontati ad alcune considerazioni che lo stato delle nostre conoscenze ci consente di formulare sull’interpolazione di estratti dell’Agravain nelle terza e quarta versioni del Tristan en prose. Concluderemo quindi il nostro lavoro con qualche considerazione sul potenziale che contiene un approccio più stemmatologico della ciclicità arturiana, nella speranza che altri studi possano completare il nostro.
Infatti, il nostro lavoro è soprattutto un esperimento: si trattava inanzitutto di provare a tenere finalmente insieme due metodi troppo spesso tenuti distinti, ossia lo studio narratologico e l’approccio filologico, e di riflettere sulle osservazioni che potrebbero risultarne. Il nostro lavoro non pretende di rinnovare del tutto l’approccio della transfinzionalità e dell’interciclicità arturiane, senza parlare della costituzione dei cicli arturiani, ma, semplicemente, di vedere in che modo una conoscenza precisa dello sviluppo della tradizione testuale potrebbe aiutare a considerarla.In the XIIIth Century, one of the most successful literary genres was that of Arthurian prose romances: a “petit cycle” of the Holy Grail, first in verse, then in prose, attributed to Robert de Boron; soon to be followed by the Lancelot and the Tristan cycles, then, by Guiron le Courtois; last, but not least, thirty years later, a Venetian author who calls himself Richard d’Irlande penned the Prophéties de Merlin, a novel in which he shows an exceptionnal creativity. Follow two centuries of relative stillness before the diffusion, at the end of the XVth Century, of the last major arthurian cycles: Ysaÿe le Triste and Perceforest.
The lack of production of new arthurian texts between the end of the XIIIth and that of the XVth Century does not equal to its lack of success. On the contrary, an abundant production of manuscripts, sometimes de luxe, sometimes not quite, together with the printing of most arthurian romances at the end of the XVth Century and at the beginning of the XVIth, demonstrate the presence of numerous potential readers. In the same period, we see the creation of “vulgate versions” of both Tristan and Guiron, as well as the setting up of anthologies like Rustichello da Pisa’s Arthurian compilation (and its little sister, the Aventures des Bruns, or guironian compilation). Finally, the success of Arthurian romances can also be observed in some of the dramaturgic representations that fancied the aristocracy, especially in Flemish and Burgundian knights’ pas d’armes. Those centuries are also a time of medieval encyclopedism, of which we could find echoes in the various attempts to set up Arthurian summae that could embrace the essence of all preexistant materials: for instance, the exceptionnal ms. Bibliothèque nationale de France, fr. 112.
The development of Arthurian cycles, from the end of the XIIth Century to the beginning of the Renaissance, has been thoroughly studied, from the first trials of Gaston Paris’ students to the most recent research of Patrick Moran or Noémie Chardonnens, through the fascinating reconstructions of Fanni Bogdanow or Cedric Pickford. But all of those comments on the genesis and development of Arthurian French prose romances still face a major issue: we’re lacking a thorough knowledge of the genealogy of the manuscript tradition, and this lack of documentation means it is only possible to study those texts either by using a critical edition, or by studying each manuscript as a single semiotic object.
The present thesis proposes an attempt to overstep the limits of those approaches with a case study, that of the intercyclical transmission of Alexandre l’Orphelin and of the Tournoi de Sorelois, two little sets of episodes originally part of the Prophéties de Merlin, that were included in the fourth version of the Prose Tristan, in the continuations written in two mss of Guiron le Courtois, and in the ms. Paris, BnF, fr. 112. We then aim to compare it with another cases of intercyclical interpolation: on the one hand, the interpolation of Agravain parts into the third and fourth versions of the Prose Tristan. To do so, we will resort to a strictly philological approach, whose results will then allow us to draw a few hypothesis about the creation and the diffusion of cycles and their continuations, from a narratological point of view.
The present thesis will be structurated as follows. After a first, introductive, chapter dedicated to the status quaestionis of our knowledge about the diffusion of Arthurian cycles, with a focus on its strenghts as well as its limits, we will offer another status quaestionis for each of the three Arthurian romances we have chosen to study: Les Prophéties de Merlin, Guiron le Courtois, and the third and fourth versions of the Prose Tristan. We will then attempt to outline a stemma codicum, first for Alexandre l’Orphelin and the Tournoi de Sorelois, which are at the center of our preoccupations, then, relying on a few loci critici carefully selected, for the late versions of the Prose Tristan and for the Prophéties de Merlin. The results of those studies, although fragmentary, will then allow us to study the intercyclical diffusion of Alexandre l’Orphelin and the Tournoi de Sorelois in a way that could also take into account the potential interventions of the textual tradition when facing the insertion of an external, foreign, narrative. We will thereafter compare them to some other considerations that the status of our knowledge will allow us to put forward on the interpolation of excerpts from Prose Erec in the Flemish Continuation of Guiron le Courtois from ms. Paris, BnF, fr. 358-363, and also on the interpolation of parts of the Agravain into the third and fourth versions of the Prose Tristan. We will then conclude our work with a few reflexions about the potentialities of a stemmatical approach of Arthurian cycles, hoping that other studies will complete ours.
Because our thesis is about experimentation: we wanted to try to reconcile two approaches that are too often distinct, i. e. the narratological study and the filological reconstruction of the same text, to see what kind of information could result of such a research in a field that was until a few years ago particularly closed to lachmannism. We do not claim to renew the whole approach of transfictionnality and intercyclicity, or that of the formation of Arthurian cycles, but, simply, to see how a deeper knowledge of the ways the textual tradition did grow could help us understand it better.Le XIIIe siècle littéraire français est notamment celui d’une mode, celle des romans arthuriens en prose : d’abord, le « petit cycle » du Graal en vers, puis en prose, attribué à Robert de Boron ; ensuite, le cycle de Lancelot, rapidement suivi du Tristan en prose et du cycle de Guiron le Courtois ; enfin, près de trente ans plus tard, un Vénitien ayant adopté le pseudonyme de Richard d’Irlande diffusera ses Prophéties de Merlin, un roman d’une exceptionnelle créativité. S’ensuivra une période de calme relatif avant la diffusion, à la fin du XVe siècle, des derniers grands romans arthuriens en prose que sont Ysaÿe le Triste et le Perceforest.
La production réduite de matériaux arthuriens entre la fin du XIIIe et celle du XVe siècle, signe d’un certain épuisement créatif, ne signifie pas pour autant une absence de succès de la matière arthurienne, au contraire : en témoignent une ample production manuscrite, parfois fort luxueuse, parfois bien plus humble, ainsi que le passage à l’imprimé de tous les grands cycles arthuriens à la fin du XVe et au début du XVIe siècle, signe de la présence d’un lectorat potentiel vaste. Cette époque voit également la constitution des « versions vulgates » du Tristan comme du Guiron, la composition de suites ou de réécritures, ainsi que l’élaboration d’anthologies arthuriennes, dont la très célèbre compilation arthurienne (et sa petite sœur, la compilation guironienne) de Rusticien de Pise. Enfin, la mode des romans arthuriens se manifeste également dans certaines des mises en scène de la noblesse du temps, en particulier dans les pas d’armes des chevaliers bourguignons et flamands. C’est également l’une des grandes périodes de l’encyclopédisme médiéval, dont l’on pourrait trouver un reflet dans les tentatives de constituer des sommes arthuriennes englobant l’essence de toute la matière préexistante : en témoigne, par exemple, l’exceptionnel ms. BnF, français 112.
Le développement des cycles arthuriens, de la fin du XIIe siècle à l’aube de la Renaissance, a fait l’objet de nombreux travaux, des premiers tâtonnements des élèves de Gaston Paris aux recherches les plus récentes, telles celles de Patrick Moran ou de Noémie Chardonnens, en passant par les remarquables reconstructions de Fanni Bogdanow ou de Cedric Pickford. Mais tous ces commentaires sur la genèse et le développement de la matière arthurienne en prose française se heurtent à l’absence d’une donnée fondamentale : la généalogie des manuscrits, sans laquelle il n’est possible de fournir un commentaire qu’à partir des éditions critiques, de regroupements de manuscrits ou de l’examen de chaque témoin en tant qu’objet sémiotique isolé.
Notre thèse, forte de l’expérience du Groupe Guiron, propose ainsi une tentative de dépasser les limites de ces approches en s’attaquant au cas de la fortune intercyclique d’Alexandre l’Orphelin et du Tournoi de Sorelois, deux petites séries d’épisodes issues des Prophéties de Merlin insérées dans la quatrième version du Tristan en prose, dans les continuations de deux témoins de Guiron le Courtois et dans le ms. Paris, BnF, fr. 112, que nous mettrons en regard avec deux autres cas d’interpolation intercyclique comparables : l’interpolation d’extraits de l’Agravain dans les troisième et quatrième versions du Tristan en prose, d’une part, et, d’autre part, l’interpolation de l’Érec en prose bourguignon dans le ms. Paris, BnF, fr. 358-363. Pour ce faire, nous recourrons dans un premier temps à une approche strictement philologique, dont les résultats nous permettront ensuite d’émettre quelques hypothèses relatives à la constitution et à la diffusion des cycles et de leurs suites, d’un point de vue plus narratologique et poétique.
La présente thèse sera structurée comme suit. Après un premier chapitre, introductif, dédié à l’état de la question de nos connaissances sur la diffusion des cycles arthuriens, avec une mise en évidence de ses forces comme de ses limites, nous présenterons un état de l’art relatif aux trois ensembles arthuriens dont nous avons fait notre objet d’étude : les Prophéties de Merlin, Guiron le Courtois et les troisième et quatrième versions du Tristan en prose. Nous tenterons ensuite d’établir un stemma codicum, d’abord pour les textes au coeur de notre étude (Alexandre l’Orphelin et le Tournoi de Sorelois), puis, à partir de quelques lieux critiques sélectionnés, les versions tardives du Tristan en prose et les Prophéties de Merlin. Les résultats de ces études, forcément partielles, nous permettront ensuite d’étudier la diffusion intercyclique d’Alexandre l’Orphelin et du Tournoi de Sorelois d’une façon qui prenne aussi en compte le potentiel d’intervention de la tradition textuelle face à l’insertion d’un récit externe, allogène. Nous les comparerons à quelques considérations que l’état de nos connaissances nous permettront d’émettre à propos de l’interpolation d’extraits de l’Agravain dans les troisième et quatrième versions du Tristan en prose. Nous conclurons notre travail par quelques considérations sur le potentiel que recèle une approche plus stemmatologique de la cyclicité arthurienne, dans l’espoir que d’autres études pourront compléter la nôtre.
Car notre travail relève avant tout de l’expérimentation : il s’agissait de tenter de concilier deux méthodes trop souvent distinctes, à savoir l’étude narratologique et l’approche philologique, afin de voir quelles sortes d’observations pourraient en résulter, dans un domaine particulièrement réfractaire au lachmannisme. Notre recherche ne prétend en aucun cas renouveler entièrement l’approche de la transfictionnalité et de l’intercyclicité, sans parler de la constitution des cycles arthuriens, mais, tout simplement, de voir de quelle façon une connaissance approfondie du développement de la tradition textuelle peut aider à l’appréhender
Lack of semantic parafoveal preview benefit in reading revisited
No full textIn contrast to earlier research, evidence for semantic preview benefit in reading has been reported by Hohenstein and Kliegl (Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 40, 166–190, 2013) in an alphabetic writing system; they also implied that prior demonstrations of lack of a semantic preview benefit needed to be reexamined. In the present article, we report a rather direct replication of an experiment reported by Rayner, Balota, and Pollatsek (Canadian Journal of Psychology, 40, 473–483, 1986). Using the gaze-contingent boundary paradigm, subjects read sentences that contained a target word (razor), but different preview words were initially presented in the sentence. The preview was identical to the target word (i.e., razor), semantically related to the target word (i.e., blade), semantically unrelated to the target word (i.e., sweet), or a visually similar nonword (i.e., razar). When the reader’s eyes crossed an invisible boundary location just to the left of the target word location, the preview changed to the target word. Like Rayner et al. (Canadian Journal of Psychology, 40, 473–483, 1986), we found that fixations on the target word were significantly shorter in the identical condition than in the unrelated condition, which did not differ from the semantically related condition; when an orthographically similar preview had been initially present in the sentence, fixations were shorter than when a semantically unrelated preview had been present. Thus, the present experiment replicates the earlier data reported by Rayner et al. (Canadian Journal of Psychology, 40, 473–483, 1986), indicating evidence for an orthographic preview benefit but a lack of semantic preview benefit in reading English
Comparison of two residential Smart Grid pilots in the Netherlands and in the USA, focusing on energy performance and user experiences
No full textTwo residential Smart Grid pilots, PowerMatching City, Groningen (NL) and Pecan Street, Austin Texas (USA) have been compared regarding their energy performance and the experiences of users in these pilots. The objective of the comparison was to gain new insights that could support the successful deployment of future residential Smart Grids. Measured data on electricity generation and electricity consumption of households in 2013 and 2014 were evaluated. Existing reports with results of surveys of users were also analyzed. The energy performance revealed that the average domestic electricity consumption of households in PowerMatching City was lower compared to Pecan Street (2.6 GW h versus 10.1 GW h). At the same time, households in Pecan Street generated a higher amount of electricity compared to PowerMatching City (6.8 GW h versus 1.14 GW h). Households in Pecan Street consumed on average, 8% less electricity with respect to the USA average household domestic electricity consumption of 10.9 GW h; while households in PowerMatching City consumed 19% less electricity compared to the Dutch average household domestic electricity consumption of 3.1 GW h. Households in PowerMatching City appeared to have a higher potential to contribute to electricity demand and supply balancing, because their electricity consumption from the grid was largely reduced with increased self-generation. User experiences revealed that end-users in both pilots preferred technologies that automatically shift their energy use, since this requires minimal effort from them. We conclude that the pattern of households’ electricity generation and consumption in Smart Grid pilot projects, and their contribution to peak load balancing in the electricity network is largely influenced by existing Smart Grid set-ups, local climate and related needs for heating and cooling, the average capacity of installed energy generating technologies and the prevailing energy behavior.</p
- …
