38 research outputs found
THE SIMPLEST HETERONUCLEAR METAL CLUSTER: LiBe-DIMER
No full textAuthor Institution: Laser Spectroscopy Facility, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University; Institut f\""{u}r Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie der Technischen, Universit\""{a}t Munchen; Fachbereich Chemie der, Universit\""{a}t Frankfurt; Institut fur Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie der Technischen, Universit\""{a}t M\""{u}nchenAn electronic transition with an origin near is observed in vapour produced by YAG laser vaporization of a pressed pellet of Li and Be powders and assigned to LiBe diatomic. Vibrational analysis yields a and . A preliminary rotational analysis gives {\AA} and {\AA}. The spectroscopy and the electronic structure are discussed and the experimental molecular constants show a very good agreement with our recent state-of-the-art ab initio calculated value
SPIN-ORBIT CI STUDY OF VALENCE AND RYDBERG STATES OF LiBe
No full textAuthor Institution: Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology; Institute fur Physikalische Chemie der T. U. Munchen, Stevens Institute of TechnologyAb initio spin-orbit full configuration interaction calculations in the context of relativistic effective core potentials are reported for the weakly bound metal dimer LiBe, a 3-valence-electron system. The effects of basis set on the energies of valence and Rydberg states of the cluster are discussed, as are the effects of truncation of the CI on the energy of the latter states. Results at the dissociative limit of 40 bohr are compared to the experimental atomic spectra."
Media policy for ethnic and national minorities in Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia
No full textThis chapter describes legal, institutional and professional frameworks for media policy concerning national and ethnic minorities in Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. It considers four models of minority media policy – the autonomous; anti-discrimination; minority protection and assimilation models – in an attempt to examine how minority access to the media can be facilitated through regulation. In particular, the author argues for greater emphasis to be placed on minority protection and anti-discrimination measures
Stability analysis of RF amplifiers based on MIMO pole-zero identification
No full textSpurious oscillations are one of the principal issues faced by microwave and RF circuit designers. The rigorous detection of instabilities or the characterization of measured spurious oscillations is still an ongoing challenge.
This project aims to create a new stability analysis CAD program that tackles this chal-
lenge. Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) pole-zero identification analysis is introduced on the program as a way to create new methods to automate the stability analysis process and to help designers comprehend the obtained results and prevent incorrect interpretations. The MIMO nature of the analysis contributes to eliminate possible controllability and observability losses and helps differentiate mathematical and physical quasi-cancellations, products of
overmodeling.
The created program reads Single Input Single Output (SISO) or MIMO frequency response
data, and determines the corresponding continuous transfer functions with Vector Fitting. Once the transfer function is calculated, the corresponding pole/zero diagram is mapped enabling the designers to analyze the stability of an amplifier.
Three data processing methods are introduced, two of which consist of pole/zero elimina-
tions and the latter one on determining the critical nodes of an amplifier. The first pole/zero elimination method is based on eliminating non resonant poles, whilst the second method eliminates the poles with small residue by assuming that their effect on the dynamics of a system is small or non-existent. The critical node detection is also based on the residues; the node at which the effect of a pole on the dynamics is highest is defined as the critical node.
In order to evaluate and check the efficiency of the created program, it is compared via
examples with another existing commercial stability analysis tool (STAN tool).
In this report, the newly created tool is proved to be as rigorous as STAN for detecting instabilities. Additionally, it is determined that the MIMO analysis is a very profitable addition to stability analysis, since it helps to eliminate possible problems of loss of controllability,
observability and overmodeling
Stability analysis of RF power amplifiers through MIMO pole-zero identification techniques.
No full text163 p.El amplificador de potencia es un componente clave en la arquitectura de los transmisores de comunicaciones inhalámbricas. La complejidad de las señales de los sistemas de comunicación actuales impone unas especificaciones exigentes en el diseños de los mismos. Es por ello que los ciclos de concepción de los circuitos de microondas son en general lentos y muy costosos.Desafortunadamente, la aparición indeseada de oscilaciones al medir las prestaciones de los amplificadores de potencia de radio-frecuencia y microondas es un problema muy común al que se enfrentan los diseñadores. Un amplificador de potencia diseñado sin llevar a cabo análisis rigurosos de estabilidad puedes ser inestable, y ello puede llevar a la generación de oscilaciones que impiden el correcto funcionamiento del amplificador y pueden incluso llegar a destruirlo completamente o quemarlo
Note on comments by the US Ambassador to the EU at the hearing of the EP’s LIBE Committee on “Data Protection in a Transatlantic Perspective” (Brussels, 25 October 2010)
No full textThe EU and the US are trying to reach an agreement on exchanges of personal data in the area of police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters, including in particular serious organised crime and terrorism.
Crucial issues in this regard are:
− Whether the US can provide adequate assurance to the EU (and through the EU to the MSs) that any personal data received from the EU1 will be treated properly, in accordance with European data protection principles; and
− What the effect of such an agreement would be on exisiting EU-US and Member States-US agreements in this field.
The US Ambassador to the EU made a presentation on the above issues to the LIBE Ctee hearing in Brussels on 25 October 2010. This note contains summaries of some of his remarks, with comments from the author of this note, who gave a later presentation at the same hearing
Education and Political Participation of Migrants and Ethnic Minorities in the EU: An Overview of the Literature. CEPS Special Report, 22 September 2009
No full textAccording to the literature covering the impact of educational inclusion or exclusion of immigrants and ethnic minorities on their political participation, it appears that most authors take for granted that having been educated facilitates actions understood to fall within this scope. This report reveals that this stance is largely undermined, however, by the fact that the levels of opportunity for participation by these groups are legally limited. In addition, the report delves into the different understandings of educational inclusion and political participation, which vary significantly from one author to the other
Economic value of ecosystem services (cultural) of the lake Peipsi. Benefit transfer method
No full textKäesoleva bakalaureusetöö eesmärk oli anda ülevaade Peipsi järve ökosüsteemi kultuuriteenustest
ja sealhulgas nende rahalisest väärtusest. Eesmärkide saavutamiseks olid püstitatud järgmised
ülesanded:
Selgitada järve kui loodusressursi olemust ning anda ülevaade nendest teenustest,
mida järved pakuvad.
Anda ülevaade ökosüsteemiteenuse majandusliku hindamise meetoditest.
Arvutada Peipsi järve kultuuriteenuse majandusliku väärtus, kasutades tulu ülekande
meetodit.
Peipsi järv kui loodusressurs, on oma looduse ning loomastiku mitmekesisusega tugevaks
turismimagnetiks nii sise- kui ka välisturistidele. Kultuuriteenuseid, mida järv külastajatele pakub,
on järgnevad:
Turism – liikumine ning matkamine looduses, linnuvaatlused, rattamatkad,
jalgsimatkad, kalapüük, jahindus, puhkamine jne.
Rekreatsioon – ujumine, jooksmine, aerutamine, veesport, sukeldumine, sportlik
kalapüük.
Teadustöö – uurimuslikud tegevused, mis hõlmavad järve ökosüsteeme.
Tööhõive – peamine valdkond on kalastus (kutseline kalapüük) ning kalatööstused.
Kultuuripärand – kohalike kommete tundmine, erinevad uskumused jms.
Haridustegevus – teadlikkuse tõstmine veeökosüsteemidest ning nende elurikkusest.
Erinevad hariduse omandamise võimalused.
Spirituaalsed väärtused – isiklikud muljed ning heaolu.
Ökosüsteemiteenuse majandusliku hindamise meetodina kasutas autor tulu ülekande meetodit.
Tulu ülekande meetodit kasutatakse avaliku hüve väärtuse hindamiseks, võrreldes seda teise,
sarnase, juba hinnatud tuluga. Eelmainitud meetodi kasutamise eelis on selle odavus ning kiirus.
Juba teostatud analoogse uuritud objekti andmed kantakse üle uuritavale objektile. Lisauuringute
vajadus puudub. Kui samalaadne uuring on eelnevalt teostatud on ka vastavad andmed kergelt
kättesaadavad. Samas võib takistuseks saada sarnaste uuringute kättesaadavuse puudumine (ei ole
teostatud sarnaseid uuringuid). Tulu ülekande meetodi kasutamise puuduseks on ka eelnevate
sarnaste uuringute täpsus. Arvestada tuleb eelneva uuringu geograafilisi ning majanduslikke
aspekte.
Töö tulemusena selgitati välja, et Peipsi järve kultuuriteenuse, harrastuskalastus majanduslik
väärtus. Paadirendi kohta Peipsi järvel puuduvad andmed, seega selle teenuse majanduslikku
väärtust ei olnud võimalik leida.
Tulemusi kokku võttes saab öelda, et tulu ülekande meetod ei sobi kultuuriteenuste väärtuse
hindamiseks. Kõigepealt seetõttu, et järvede kultuuriteenuste rahalise väärtuse kohta on tehtud
väga vähe uuringuid nii, et puudub tulu ülekande võimalus. Teiseks, teadusartiklite otsingu
tulemusel selgus, et tulu ülekande meetodil kultuuriteenuste majanduslikku väärtust ei ole leidnud
ka teised autorid. Kolmandaks, otsides andmeid Peipsi järve kultuuriteenuste tarbijate kohta
selgus, et andmeid on väga lünklikud.
Autori soovitus on, et ei ole mõtet tulu ülekande meetodit rakendada järvede kultuuriteenuste
majandusliku väärtuse leidmiseks, kuna puuduvad algandmed. Järgmistele uurijatele soovitan
kasutada selleks reisikulu meetodit.
Käesoleva bakalaureusetöö ülesanded selgitada järve kui loodusressursi olemust ning anda
ülevaade nendest teenustest, mida järved pakuvad ja anda ülevaade ökosüsteemiteenuse
majandusliku hindamise meetoditest, said täidetud. Töö kolmas ülesanne - arvutada Peipsi järve
kultuuriteenuse majandusliku väärtus, kasutades tulu ülekande meetodit, sai täidetud osaliselt,
kuna leiti ainult ühe kultuuriteenuse (harrastuskalapüük) majanduslik väärtus. Kokkuvõttes sai töö
eesmärk - anda ülevaade Peipsi järve ökosüsteemi kultuuriteenustest ja sealhulgas nende
rahalisest väärtusest – täidetud. Samas jäi piisavalt Peipsi järve kultuuriteenuseid (6 tükki), millele
edaspidi majanduslikku väärtust leida.The aim of this Bachelor's Thesis is to present an overview of the cultural services offered in the
ecosystem of Lake Peipsi, including their financial value. To reach this goal, the following tasks
have been set:
To explain the nature of a lake as a natural resource and to give an overview of the
services that a lake can offer.
To give an overview of the methods of the economic evaluation of ecosystem-services.
To calculate the economic value of the cultural services of Lake Peipsi, using the revenue
transfer method.
Lake Peipsi as a natural resource, with its diverse natural environment and animal life, is a strong
magnet for internal as well as foreign tourists. Cultural services offered by the lake to its visitors
include the following:
Tourism - exercising and hiking in the nature, birdwatching, bike trips, hikes, fishing,
hunting, relaxing etc.
Recreation - swimming, jogging, paddling, water sports, diving, sport fishing.
Research - research activities encompassing the ecosystems of the lake.
Employment - the main field is fishing (professional fishermen) and fisheries.
Cultural heritage - knowledge of the local traditions, various beliefs etc.
Educational activities - increasing awareness of hydro-ecosystems and their biological
diversity. Various methods of education and training.
Spiritual values - personal impressions and welfare.
The revenue transfer method was used by the author for evaluating the economic side of the
ecosystem-services. This method is used for evaluating the value of a public benefit by comparing
it to another similar revenue, that has already been received. The advantages of this method are its
low cost and high speed. Data from a similar, already researched object is transferred to the object
being examined. There is no need for additional research. If a similar study has already been
conducted, the data is easily available. However, the lack of similar studies can be a setback (if no
similar studies have been carried out). Another weak point of the revenue transfer method is the
exactness of prior similar studies. Geographic and economic aspects of the prior study have to be
taken into account.
It was determined as result of the work that the economic value of the cultural service of hobby
fishing in Lake Peipsi. There is no specific data available about boat rental on Lake Peipsi,
therefore it was not possible to determine the economic value of this service.
As a conclusion, it can be said that the revenue transfer method is not suitable for assessing the
value of cultural services. The first reason for this is that not enough studies have been conducted
regarding the economic value of the cultural services offered by lakes, so there is no revenue data
to transfer. It was also determined as a result of searching research articles that other authors have
also not been able to determine the economic value of cultural services using the revenue transfer
method. Thirdly, it became clear while looking for data about the consumers of the cultural
services regarding Lake Peipsi, that there is only sparse data available.
The author recommends not using the revenue transfer method for determining the economic
value of the cultural services of lakes, as there is no source data. My recommendation for future
researchers is to use the travel expenses method.
The tasks of this Bachelor's Thesis - to explain the nature of a lake as a natural resource and to
give an overview of the services offered by lakes, and to present an overview of the economic
evaluation methods of ecosystem services - were fulfilled. The third task of the thesis, to
determine the economic value of the cultural services of Lake Peipsi using the revenue transfer
method, was fulfilled partially, as the economic value of only one cultural service (hobby fishing)
was found. In summary, the aim of the thesis - to present an overview of the cultural services
offered in the ecosystem of Lake Peipsi, including their financial value - was fulfilled. At the
same time, however, determining the economic value of a number (6) of cultural services of Lake
Peipsi remained for future researchers
Hand papermaking of common reed (Phragmites australis)
No full textBakalaureusetöö
Loodusturismi õppekavalPärast paberimasina leiutamist 18. sajandil on paberite masintootmise kõrval käsitsi
valmistatava paberi tootmine hääbunud. Siiski on käsitsi paberi valmistamise traditsioon
tänapäeval säilinud mitmel pool maailmas ning valdavalt valmistatakse seda eriotstarbeks või
kunsti tarbeks. Pilliroogu kasutatakse mõnel pool maailmas käsitsi paberi valmistamiseks,
kuid mitte Eestis. Käesoleva eesmärgiks oli välja selgitada, kas igakuisest pilliroomaterjalist
saab käsitsi paberit valmistada ning millise kuu toormaterjal on selleks kõige sobivam.
Selleks korjas töö autor pilliroogu üheteistkümnel järjestikusel kuul, 2016. aasta maist kuni
2017. aasta märtsini. Korjatud pilliroo biomassist tehti paberit ning hinnati erinevate
meetoditega biomassi keemilisi, paberi mehaanilisi ja optilisi omadusi. Töö käigus selgus, et
pilliroopaberit saab valmistada igal kuul korjatud toormaterjalist. Pudeduse katse näitas, et
kõige tugevam paber on valmistatud juulikuisest materjalist ja kõige pudedam paber
veebruarikuisest materjalist. Imavuse katsega selgitati välja, et mai-juulikuu paberid imavad
teistest paberitest tunduvalt vähem vett. Eripinna katse käigus selgus, et kõige suurem kaal
pindala ühiku kohta on novembrikuu paberil ning kõige väiksem maikuu paberil. Pleekuvuse
katse näitas, et kolmekümne päeva jooksul oli kõige rohkem pleekunud juunikuine ning
kõige vähem veebruarikuine paber. Keemilise koostise mõõtmise tulemusel selgus, et kõige
suurema tselluloosisisaldusega oli jaanuarikuine ja kõige väiksema sisaldusega maikuine
toormaterjal. Kõige suurema hemitselluloosi sisaldusega oli septembrikuine ja kõige
väiksema sisaldusega detsembrikuine toormaterjal. Ligniini sisaldus oli kõige suurem
jaanuarikuises ja kõige väiksem maikuises toormaterjalis. Uurimusest tulenevalt saab tulevikus valida pilliroo korjamiseks sobivat aega vastavalt sellele, mis otstarbel paberit
soovitakse kasutada. Antud töö teema aitab leida ka pilliroole kui taastuvale loodusvarale
uusi kasutusalasid, mida Eestis veel rakendatud pole.The production of handmade paper has disappeared after invention of the paper machine in
eighteen century. However there is still handmade paper tradition preserved in many parts
of the world today and it is mainly made for art or special cases. Common reed is used for
making paper in different parts of the world but not in Estonia.
The aim of the current bachelor thesis was to find out if it is possible to make paper by
hand of every month common reed biomass and which month biomass is the best for
handmade paper. For that, the author of the research picked common reed during eleven
consecutive months from May 2016 to March 2017. The result of the paper was analysed
by making different tests to find out the chemical characteristics of common reed biomass
and the mechanical and optical characteristics of the common reed paper. The process
showed that it is possible to make paper of every common reed month biomass. The test of
brittleness showed that the strongest paper is made of July biomass and the most friable
paper of February biomass. Absorption test revealed that the papers from May to July
biomass absorb much less water than the other papers. Specific surface area test revealed
that the November paper had the biggest mass per surface unit and the May paper had the
lowest mass. Fading test showed that during the thirty days the June paper was the most
faded whereas the February paper was the least faded. As a result of the measurement of
the chemical composition was revealed that January raw material had the biggest content
of cellulose whereas May material had the least. September material had the biggest
content of hemicellulose whereas December material the least content. Lignin content was the biggest in January material and the least in May material.
The results of the research will help to find the right time for picking common reed for
handmade paper in the future, according to which purpose the paper is going to be used.
The subject of this research will also help to find new ranges of use for common reed as a
renewable natural resource, which is not yet implemented in Estonia
THE 1910’s: THE LITTLE-KNOWN TURKMEN JADIT AUTHOR AND HIS ARTICLES
No full textMuhammetkulu Atabayev (Atabayogly, 1885-1916) is the notable representative of the jatit period of the Turkmen literature. The jadid period is the period between classic and soviet periods of the literature development. His publicisic articles, published in “Zakaspiyskaya tuzemnaya gazeta” newspaper in 1914-1915 are the bedt specimens of the jadit Turkmen literature. In his articles the author put on the agenda the burning questions of the Turkmen society of that period, such as: the backwardness of the Turkmen peoble in compare with other nations, because of imperfection of the methods of learning children to read and write, entering into the sisytem of education the new, modern methods of teaching, the compulsory education of the Turkmen girls equelly with the boys at schools, the removal from the life of the Turkmen people the ranson for the brides, wearing the modern, fashionable clothes from the best materials by Turkmen people, the role and importance of periodicals in the libe of society and the other matters. All the articles of Muhammetkuli Atabayev in uncut form after their first publication in 1914-1915 in Turkmen origin, for the first time are published into Turkish language.</p
