1,721,082 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Particle technology as a uniform discipline? Towards a holistic approach to particles, their creation, characterisation, handling and processing!
No full text"Can particle technology, in spite of its multiplicity, be regarded, and scientifically taught, as a uniform discipline?" wondered H. Rumpf, one of the founding fathers of particle science, in a programmatic speech which he gave 40 years ago. Given his passion for particle science, he of course answered his question with "yes". Now, 40 years later, working parties of the European Federation of Chemical Engineering, all working on particle technology, managed to organize their second joint event called 'International Conference on Processing, Handling and Characterization of Particulate Materials - PARMAT', in the framework of which this issue of CHERD was edited
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Etude de l'émission de nano-particules lors de la sollicitation mécanique et du vieillissement environnemental de produits
No full textLes nanomatériaux manufacturés (comme les nanoparticules d’oxydes métalliques, les nanotubes de carbone, les nanofibres etc.) possèdent des propriétés remarquables qui leur confèrent des applications industrielles innovantes. Néanmoins, ces nouveaux matériaux soulèvent des inquiétudes vis à vis de leurs potentiels risques. Ces nanomatériaux manufacturés connaissent une production et une commercialisation croissantes. Par conséquent, de plus en plus de personnes sont potentiellement exposées à ces nanomatériaux (aussi bien les consommateurs que les opérateurs) à travers les aérosols qui pourraient être émis au cours du cycle de vie du matériau. L’une des approches possibles de réduction de risque serait la prévention de l’émission qui consisterait en une conception réfléchie du matériau avec un compromis performance/sûreté. La thèse présentée ici suit cette approche. Il s’agit de comprendre le phénomène et les mécanismes d’émission des nanomatériaux manufacturés à l’aide d’outils théoriques et expérimentaux. Le dispositif expérimental développé au cours de cette étude vise (i) à reproduire à l’échelle laboratoire des activités en conditions réelles, (ii) à identifier les mécanismes d’émission, et (iii) à mener simultanément des analyses qualitatives et quantitatives* des nanomatériaux manufacturés émis. Pour la sollicitation mécanique, le procédé d’abrasion a été choisi ; quant au vieillissement environnemental, le choix s’est porté sur un procédé d’exposition accélérée aux rayons d’UV en présence d’humidité et de chaleur. Les résultats suggèrent que les entités microscopiques présentes à la surface d’un matériau (appelées aspérités ou rugosités) subissent globalement 4 types de mécanismes d’enlèvement pendant l’abrasion, suivant la variation de 18 paramètres (liés au matériau et au procédé). Ces mécanismes déterminent la forme, la taille et le nombre de particules de l’aérosol émis. De plus, dans le cas des échantillons testés dans les conditions expérimentales données, il a été observé, lors des essais mécaniques seuls, la génération d’aérosols dans lesquels sont retrouvées des nanomatériaux manufacturés liées à leur matrice. Il s’agit de particules nanométriques et micrométriques. Cependant, dans le cas du couplage abrasion/vieillissement environnemental, après un temps donné de détérioration, il est constaté l’émission de nanomatériaux manufacturés libres, en plus des nanomatériaux manufacturés liés à leur matrice. Les résultats expérimentaux relatifs aux sollicitations mécaniques ont été mis en corrélation avec des lois de mécanique classique utilisant des modèles analytiques. Le modèle utilise en partie des relations semi-empiriques ; après ajustement, on observe une très bonne convergence modèle-expérience. Ce modèle a été utilisé pour réaliser une étude de sensibilité sur les 18 paramètres évoqués précédemment, et ce pour une variation de 25% pour chaque paramètre. Ceci permet d'illustrer la capacité du modèle à hiérarchiser l'influence des différents paramètres sur l'émission de particules, pour des conditions données. Ainsi, ce travail a permis de développer un ensemble constitué d’une part d’outils expérimentaux et d’autre part d’un modèle. Si cet ensemble est largement perfectible, il permet toutefois d’ores et déjà d’entamer une conception “nanosafe by design”.Engineering nanomaterials (ENM) like metal oxide nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, nanofibers, etc. possess various innovative properties and their industrial use creates new opportunities. However, they also present new risks and uncertainties. There is an ever growing production and use of the products containing these ENM, like nanocomposites or nanocoatings, which result in an increasing number of workers and consumers exposed to ENM upon their emission (in the form of aerosols) from the products containing them. One of the most favored approaches, to minimize this emission, would be a preventive one which would focus on altering the product’s material properties during its design phase itself without compromising with any of its added benefits.This thesis advocates this approach. It attempts to understand the ENM emission phenomenon and its yielding mechanisms on the basis of combined experimental and theoretical approaches. The experimental set-up, developed during this thesis, is equipped with the necessary elements which can (i) seek to reproduce the real life activities on a laboratory scale (ii) identify the emission mechanism (iii) carry out both qualitative as well as quantitative*analysis of the emitted ENM simultaneously. Whilst the mean chosen for applying the mechanical solicitation or stress is an abrasion process, for the environmental weathering, it is an accelerated UV exposure process in the presence of humidity and heat. The results suggest that depending upon 18 material and process properties/parameters, the microscopic entities present on the surface of a product, called asperities, undergo mainly 4 types of removal mechanisms during abrasion. It is these mechanisms that decide the shape, size and the number of the aerosol particles emitted. Moreover, for the given test samples and experimental conditions studied during the thesis, application of the mechanical stresses alone was found to generate the emitted ENM aerosols in which ENM is always embedded inside the product matrix, thus, a representative product element. In such a case, the emitted aerosols comprise of both nanoparticles as well as microparticles. But if the mechanical stresses are coupled with the environmental weathering, then the eventual deterioration of the product, after a certain weathering duration, may lead to the emission of the free ENM aerosols too. All these experimental findings, pertaining to the effect of the mechanical stresses alone, have also been put into the perspective with classical material and mechanics state laws using a predictive analytical model. A close agreement** of the estimated results of this model with the experimentally measured ones has validated its functioning. This model was used to perform a sensitivity analysis on the aforementioned 18 parameters to rank the influence of a25% variation in each of their values on the particle emission for the given conditions.Thus, during the present thesis, both experimental and theoretical approaches have been developed to study the emission. Despite the fact that these approaches are perfectible, they can still be used during product design phase for the product to be “nanosafe by design”
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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