7 research outputs found
Tolerance Analysis by Polytopes: Application to Assembly Interferences Diagnosis
No full textAbstractOne way to perform tolerance analysis on over-constrained mechanical systems is to manipulate sets of constraints. During the 25 last years, several models (domains by Giordano et al., polytopes by Teissandier et al. or T-Maps by Davidson et al.), have been developed to control the assembly of parts without contact interferences. In general, if the intersection between sets of contact constraints is non empty, it is possible to perform an assembly made up of two parts without interference. Then, several works have been realized to qualify the clearance of the assembly. On the other hand, if the intersection is an empty set, it is not possible to perform the assembly between two parts without interference (i.e. without induced strains by the assembly process). This paper will focus on the diagnosis of such empty sets.Operations on n-polytopes (1≤ n ≤6)can be used to predict if an assembly made up of two parts can be performed without interferences. When parts cannot be assembled, the objective of engineers is also to determine the corrections that should be applied to them in order to achieve an assembly. The main objective of this paper is to present a method to determine these corrections. A protocol to find the origins of the interferences and to investigate about the possible modifications to suppress the interference contact between the fabricated parts is described. Finally, a diagnosis is performed and can be used to correct real parts or in some cases to correct manufacturing processes. An example will illustrate the proposed method
Identification et analyse des motivations de plaintes ordinales en lien avec des certificats médicaux à l’encontre des médecins généralistes en Rhône-Alpes de 2008 à 2016
No full textThe frequency of legal complaints against doctors is increasing. This worries practitioners and affects their professional behaviour: more and more, they tend to practice medicine with a "defensive" attitude. This is costly because it leads to unjustified examinations to serve as evidence in case of prosecution. Some studies have been made on this topic, they show that the most commonly occurring complaints regard medical certificates. No study however had yet been made to explain the motivations behind these certificates-related complaints. This dissertation analyses the main motivations behind certificate-related ordinal complaints filed against general practitioners, in the Rhône-Alpes region, between 2008 and 2016. We conducted a qualitative study of cases of complaints from the Disciplinary Chamber of First Instance Rhône-Alpes. The analysis of the cases was done by two independent investigators on an inductive-deductive mode, with the data being processed from a semantic point of view. Sense units were pooled for interpretation according to a categorical analysis. 76 files were included for analysis. Most of the cases involved certificates describing the state of health. In this group, the complainants accused the doctor of having produced either a non-genuine certificate to oblige a patient, or a misrepresentative certificate, or one that interfered with privacy, or a certificate that was then presented in court and caused a prejudice. Writing a certificate is a medical act in its own right, that commits the author and requires the respect of certain rules of ethics. Writing tools are available to doctors. Awareness should be strengthened for students and GPs.L’augmentation des plaintes à l’encontre des médecins inquiète les praticiens et modifie leurs pratiques. La judiciarisation de la médecine les conduit à exercer une médecine "défensive". Ce type de pratique est coûteux car il engendre la réalisation d’examens non justifiés pour servir de preuve en cas de poursuites. Certaines études ont montré que la catégorie de plainte la plus retrouvée concernait les certificats médicaux, mais aucune ne s’est intéressée aux motivations les concernant. Ce travail analyse les principales motivations de plaintes ordinales en lien avec des certificats, à l’encontre des médecins généralistes dans la région Rhône-Alpes de 2008 à 2016. Une étude qualitative portant sur des affaires de plaintes issues de la Chambre disciplinaire de première instance de Rhône-Alpes a été menée. L'analyse des dossiers a été faite par deux investigateurs indépendants sur un mode inductivo-déductif, le traitement des données sur un point de vue sémantique. Les unités de sens ont été mises en commun pour interprétation selon une analyse catégorielle. 76 dossiers ont été inclus pour analyse. La plupart des affaires concernait des certificats descriptifs de l'état de santé. Dans la majorité des cas, les plaignants reprochaient au médecin un certificat de complaisance ou tendancieux, une immixtion dans la vie privée ou un préjudice par la production du certificat en justice. La rédaction d’un certificat est un acte médical à part entière, engageant son rédacteur et impose le respect de certaines règles déontologiques. Des outils d’aide à la rédaction sont à disposition des médecins. La sensibilisation devrait être renforcée pour les étudiants et médecins installés
Feminist judgments : health law rewritten /
No full textThis volume provides an alternate history of health law by rewriting key judicial opinions from a feminist perspective. Each chapter includes a rewritten opinion penned by a leading scholar relying exclusively on court precedents and scientific understanding available at the time of the original decision accompanied by commentary from an expert placing the case in historical context and explaining how the feminist judgment might have shaped a different path for subsequent developments. It provides a map of the health law field-where paternalism, individualism, gender stereotypes, and tensions over the public-private divide shape decisions about informed consent, medical and nursing malpractice, the relationships among health care professionals and the institutions where they work, end-of-life care, reproductive health care, biomedical research, ownership of human tissues and cells, the influence of religious directives on health care standards, health care discrimination, long-term care, private health insurance, Medicaid coverage, the Affordable Care Act, and more.Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 15 Dec 2022).Introduction / Seema Mohapatra and Lindsay F. Wiley -- Schloendorff v. Society of New York Hospitals, 105 N.E. 92, 93 (N.Y. 1914) / commentary, Danielle Pelfrey ; judgment, Kelly Dineen -- Reynolds v. McNichols, 488 F.2d 1378 (10th Cir. 1973) / commentary, Aziza Ahmed ; judgment, Wendy Parmet -- Conservatorship of Valerie N., 707 P.2d 760 (Cal. 1985) / commentary, Cynthia Soohoo and Sofia Yakren ; judgment, Doriane Lambelet Coleman -- Bouvia v. Superior Court, 225 Cal. Rptr. 297 (Cal Ct. App. 1986) / commentary, Joan H. Krause ; judgment, Barry Furrow -- Moore v. Regents of University of California, 793 P.2d 479 (Cal. 1990) / commentary, Jessica Roberts ; judgment, Lisa C. Ikemoto -- Linton v. Commissioner of Health and Environment, 65 F.3d 508 (6th Cir. 1995) / commentary, Ruqaiijah Yearby ; judgment, Gwendolyn Roberts Majette -- Olmstead v. L.C., 527 U.S. 581 (1999) / commentary, Doron Dorfman ; judgment, Becka Rich -- Doe v. Mutual of Omaha Insurance Co., 179 F.3d 557 (7th Cir. 1999) / commentary, Christina S. Ho ; judgment, Valarie Blake -- Smith v. Rasmussen, 249 F.3d 755 (8th Cir. 2001) / commentary, Heather Walter McCabe ; judgment, Craig Konnoth -- Burton v. State, 49 So.3d 263 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2010) / commentary, Greer Donley ; judgment, Nadia Sawicki -- National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebeliussiness v. Sebeliussiness v. Sebeliussiness v. Sebelius, 567 U.S. 519 (2012) / commentary, Mary Ann Chirba and Alice A. Noble ; judgment, Elizabeth Weeks -- Means v. United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, 836 F.3d 643 (6th Cir. 2016) / commentary, Maya Manian ; judgment, Leslie C. Griffin -- Does v. Gillespie, 867 F. 3d 1034 (8th Cir. 2017) / commentary, Elizabeth Kukura ; judgment, Jennifer Oliva and Melissa Alexander -- National Institute of Family & Life Advocates v. Becerra, 138 S.Ct. 2361 (2018) / commentary, Brietta R. Clark ; judgment, Sonia Suter.This volume provides an alternate history of health law by rewriting key judicial opinions from a feminist perspective. Each chapter includes a rewritten opinion penned by a leading scholar relying exclusively on court precedents and scientific understanding available at the time of the original decision accompanied by commentary from an expert placing the case in historical context and explaining how the feminist judgment might have shaped a different path for subsequent developments. It provides a map of the health law field-where paternalism, individualism, gender stereotypes, and tensions over the public-private divide shape decisions about informed consent, medical and nursing malpractice, the relationships among health care professionals and the institutions where they work, end-of-life care, reproductive health care, biomedical research, ownership of human tissues and cells, the influence of religious directives on health care standards, health care discrimination, long-term care, private health insurance, Medicaid coverage, the Affordable Care Act, and more
Breast Cancer-Derived Lung Metastases Show Increased Pyruvate Carboxylase-Dependent Anaplerosis
No full textSummaryCellular proliferation depends on refilling the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle to support biomass production (anaplerosis). The two major anaplerotic pathways in cells are pyruvate conversion to oxaloacetate via pyruvate carboxylase (PC) and glutamine conversion to α-ketoglutarate. Cancers often show an organ-specific reliance on either pathway. However, it remains unknown whether they adapt their mode of anaplerosis when metastasizing to a distant organ. We measured PC-dependent anaplerosis in breast-cancer-derived lung metastases compared to their primary cancers using in vivo 13C tracer analysis. We discovered that lung metastases have higher PC-dependent anaplerosis compared to primary breast cancers. Based on in vitro analysis and a mathematical model for the determination of compartment-specific metabolite concentrations, we found that mitochondrial pyruvate concentrations can promote PC-dependent anaplerosis via enzyme kinetics. In conclusion, we show that breast cancer cells proliferating as lung metastases activate PC-dependent anaplerosis in response to the lung microenvironment
La France métropolitaine a conservé son statut indemne de brucellose des petits ruminants en 2023 et 2024
No full textInternational audienceSince 2021, all departments in mainland France have been recognized by the European Union as officially free of brucellosis in small ruminants. Passive surveillance (based on abortions notification) and programmed surveillance (by serological screening) showed no outbreaks of brucellosis caused by Brucella abortus or Brucella melitensis in sheep and goat farms in mainland France in 2023 and 2024. As in previous years, this assessment suggests that farmers awareness of the need to report abortions ts very low, and that differential diagnostic systems need to be deployed more widely.Depuis 2021, tous les départements hexagonaux sont reconnus officiellement indemnes de brucellose des petits ruminants par l'Union Européenne. Les dispositifs de surveillance évènementielle (fondée sur la déclaration des avortements) et programmée (par dépistage sérologique) ont montré l'absence de foyers de brucellose à Brucella abortus ou Brucella melitensis en élevage ovin-caprin en France métrapoltaine en 2023 et 2024. Comme pour les années précédentes, ce bilan suggère une très faible sensibilisation des éleveurs à la déclaration des avortements et la nécessité de déployer à plus large échelleles dispositifs de diagnostic différentiel
Structural and textural changes of CVD-SiC to indentation, high temperature creep and irradiation
No full textInternational audienceThe structure and microtexture of different SiC based CVD coatings have been studied by RMS, in their as-processed state and after high temperature annealing, creep, indentation and irradiation. Both annealing and creep resulted in the same degree of SiC crystal growth and decrease of stacking faults. A slight influence of stress was however observed on the structure and texture of the co-deposited free-carbon, likely as a consequence of the intergranular creep mechanism. Room temperature indentation induces substantial structural disorders (dislocations, stacking faults, small grains) near the contact and more extended damages due to dislocation slip parallel to the compact Si-C planes. These structural changes were found to depend on the single crystal orientation and therefore, on the texture of * Corresponding author: Tel.: +33 5 56 84 47 27, Fax: +33 5 56 84 12 25, E-mail address: [email protected] 2 polycrystalline SiC. Room temperature proton irradiation produced only small amounts of disorders. The specific alterations of the Raman features were explained using a phonon confinement model. This approach supports the existence of very low scale defects, likely as punctual defects
Patterns of nuclear and chloroplast genetic diversity and structure of manioc along major Brazilian Amazonian rivers
No full textBackground and Aims Amazonia is a major world centre of plant domestication, but little is known about how the crops were dispersed across the region. Manioc (Manihot esculenta) was domesticated in the south-western Amazon basin, and is the most important staple food crop that originated in Amazonia. Current contrasting distributions may reflect distinct histories of dispersal of bitter and sweet manioc landraces. To produce new insights into the evolutionary history of the crop, we investigated the contemporary genetic diversity and structure of bitter and sweet manioc along major Amazonian rivers. Methods The patterns of genetic structure and diversity of wild and cultivated sweet and bitter manioc with four chloroplast and 14 nuclear microsatellite markers were evaluated. Results were interpreted in terms of the crop's dispersal. Key results No phylogeographic patterns among rivers were detected, and genetic structure among rivers was confounded by the bitter-sweet divergence. However, differences in the distribution of nuclear diversity and somewhat distinctive patterns of genetic structure across rivers were observed within bitter and sweet manioc. Conclusions Various pre-Columbian and post-European conquest events in the history of Amazonian occupation may explain the absence of clearer patterns of genetic structure. However, the wide distribution of the most common chloroplast haplotype agrees with an early dispersal of manioc across Brazilian Amazonia. Furthermore, differences in genetic structure and in the spatial distribution of genetic diversity suggest that bitter and sweet manioc had distinct dispersal histories. Knowledge about how prehistoric and contemporary Amazonian peoples manage their crops is valuable for the maintenance and conservation of the impressive diversity of their native crops. © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved
