1,720,990 research outputs found
Surveillance of childhood obesity in Sweden. Focus on lifestyles and socioeconomic conditions.
No full textBackground and aim: There is a general lack of childhood obesity surveillance systems throughout Europe, including Sweden. Such systems are needed to develop policies, evaluate interventions and track secular changes in weight status. The general aim of this thesis was to describe the national and regional prevalence of overweight and obesity in Swedish 7-9-year-old children, as the initial step to establish a national childhood obesity surveillance system. Attention was given to socioeconomic factors at individual and area levels. Further aims were to analyze secular trends and longitudinal changes in weight status and lifestyle in a regional sample while considering area socioeconomic status (SES) and individual socioeconomic position (SEP).
Methods: Anthropometric measurements and lifestyle data were collected in 2008, 2010 and 2013. Weight status was classified according to International Obesity Task Force (IOTF), Cole 2007 and the World Health Organization growth standard (WHO). Schools were sampled in order to be representative for Sweden and all measurement methods were standardized. Two studies were based on the 2008 nationally representative sample of 7-9-year-old schoolchildren (n=4538) and investigated the associations between children’s weight status and SES, urbanization and parental and child lifestyle variables. In two further studies, cross-sectional (n=3492) and longitudinal (n=678) trends in children’s weight status and lifestyle in the region of West Sweden were investigated.
Results: The national prevalence of overweight was 16.6% including 3.0% obese; thinness was observed in 7.5%, according to IOTF/Cole 2007. Overweight was more common in rural areas, partly explained by the lower educational level in those areas. Parental weight status was strongly associated with child overweight and obesity. Overall more favorable lifestyle characteristics were observed in urban areas and for children of highly educated mothers. In West Sweden, trends in weight status between 2008 and 2013 were generally stable except for an increase in thinness in girls. Further, widening of the socioeconomic gap in obesity in girls occurred, due to non-significant decreases in areas with high education and increases in areas with low education. When applying the WHO-reference, prevalence of overweight was higher, due to lower cut-offs, while thinness was almost non-existent. Similar socioeconomic gradients but no trends in weight status were observed according to the WHO-reference.
Conclusion: Since obesity in the parents was the strongest risk factor for excess weight in children, targeting entire families in interventions should be a priority in management of the childhood obesity epidemic. Furthermore, strategies to reduce socioeconomic disparities in obesity are urgently needed. It may prove difficult to identify families at risk, therefore, targeting high risk areas, such as rural areas and areas with low SES, may be more effective. Further, in order to plan and evaluate public health strategies and policies there is a need for surveillance at the national level
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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