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پایان زندگی با آرامش: توصیههای مبتنی بر شواهد برای مراقبت معنوی
No full textخلفية البحث وأهدافه: تُعَدُّ الرعاية الروحية من الجوانب الأساسية في تحسين جودة حياة المرضى في نهاية حياتهم. يؤدّي هذا النوع من الرعاية، من خلال التركيز على الاحتياجات النفسية والروحية والأخلاقية للمرضى، دورًا محوريًا في تيسير التقبّل والتخفيف من الضغوط الناتجة عن الأمراض المتقدمة. نظرًا إلى تعقيدات الرعاية في هذه المرحلة الحرجة، تبرز أهمية خاصة لتحديد الأبعاد المختلفة للرعاية الروحية وكيفية تقديمها. نظرًا إلى أهمية هذه المرحلة، أُجريت هذه الدراسة بهدف وضع توصيات مستندة إلى الأدلة لرعاية المرضى في مرحلة نهاية الحياة.
منهجية البحث: تمت صياغة هذه الدراسة متعددة المنهجيات على عدة مراحل. اشتملت الدراسة النوعية على تحليل محتوى تعاقدي، تم إنجازه من خلال مقابلات شبه منظمة مع ثمانية عشر مشاركًا. تم إنجاز مرحلة المراجعة المنهجية من خلال إجراء بحث منهجي في قواعد البيانات المحلية والدولية. بعد دمج النتائج، تم اعتماد مرحلة التحقق من الصلاحية باستخدام أسلوب دلفي.
المعطیات: تشمل الرعاية الروحية في نهاية الحياة تقييماً شاملاً للمريض وأسرته، ومهاراتٍ فعالة في التواصل، وإدارة الأعراض، والمشاركة في اتخاذ القرار، واحترام المعتقدات الثقافية والدينية، فضلاً عن الدعم النفسي في مرحلة الحِداد.
الاستنتاج: أظهرت النتائج أن الرعاية الروحية في نهاية الحياة، من خلال نهجٍ شامل ومستند إلى الأدلة، تؤدي دورًا مهمًا في تحسين جودة حياة المرضى ودعم أسرهم. إنَّ الاهتمام بالأبعاد الجسدية والنفسية والاجتماعية والثقافية، إلى جانب تنمية المهارات التواصلية وإشراك الأسرة، يسهم في تحسين تجربة المرضى. إنَّ تنفيذ التوصيات المستندة إلى الأدلة ومواءمة الأدلة الإرشادية مع الخصوصيات المحلية يمكن أن يسهم في رفع جودة الرعاية في النظام الصحي.Background and Objective: Spiritual care is recognized as a vital element in enhancing the quality of life for patients at the end of their lives. This type of care, by focusing on psychological, spiritual, and ethical needs, plays a fundamental role in facilitating the acceptance process and reducing stress associated with advanced diseases. Considering the complexities of this sensitive stage, the present study was conducted with the aim of developing evidence-based recommendations for spiritual care for patients at the end-of-life stage.
Methods: This was a mixed-methods study conducted in several phases. The qualitative phase involved content analysis of semi-structured interviews with 18 participants. In the second phase, a systematic search and review of national and international databases was conducted. After integrating the findings from both phases, validation of the recommendations was performed by the Delphi technique. In the present study, all ethical considerations were observed and the authors reported no conflict of interests.
Results: Spiritual care at the end of life requires comprehensive assessment of the patient and family, effective communication, symptom management, shared decision-making, respect for cultural and religious values, and psychological support during bereavement.
Conclusion: The findings revealed that spiritual care at the end of life, with a comprehensive and evidence-based approach, plays a significant role in enhancing patients' quality of life and supporting families. Attention to physical, psychological, social, and cultural dimensions, development of communication skills, and family involvement contributes to improving the patient experience. Implementing evidence-based recommendations and localizing guidelines can enhance the quality of care within the healthcare system.سابقه و هدف: مراقبت معنوی یکی از جنبههای اساسی در بهبود کیفیت زندگی بیماران در پایان زندگی شناخته میشود. این نوع مراقبت با تأکید بر نیازهای روانی، معنوی و اخلاقی بیماران، نقش مهمی در تسهیل فرایند پذیرش و کاهش استرسهای مرتبط با بیماریهای پیشرفته ایفا میکند. با توجه به پیچیدگیهای مراقبت در این مرحلۀ حساس، شناخت ابعاد مختلف مراقبت معنوی و چگونگی معرفی آن، اهمیت ویژهای دارد. با توجه به اهمیت این دوران، این مطالعه با هدف تدوین توصیههای مبتنی بر شواهد برای بیماران در مرحلۀ انتهای زندگی صورت گرفته است.
روش کار: این مطالعۀ چندروشی در چند مرحله طراحی شده است. مطالعۀ کیفی شامل یک تحلیل محتوای قراردادی بود که از طریق مصاحبههای نیمهساختاریافته با 18 شرکتکننده صورت گرفت. بخش مرور نظاممند از طریق جستوجوی نظاممند در پایگاههای اطلاعاتی داخل و خارج انجام شد. بعد از تلفیق یافتهها، مرحلۀ معتبرسازی از طریق فن دلفی انجام شد. در این پژوهش همۀ موارد اخلاقی رعایت شده است و مؤلفان مقاله تضاد منافعی گزارش نکردهاند.
یافتهها: مراقبت معنوی در پایان زندگی نیازمند ارزیابی جامع بیمار و خانواده، مهارتهای ارتباطی مؤثر، مدیریت علائم، مشارکت در تصمیمگیری، احترام به باورهای فرهنگی و مذهبی و حمایت روانی در دوران سوگ است.
نتیجهگیری: یافتهها نشان داد مراقبت معنوی در انتهای زندگی با رویکردی جامع و مبتنی بر شواهد، نقش مهمی در ارتقای کیفیت زندگی بیماران و حمایت از خانوادهها دارد. توجه به ابعاد جسمی، روانی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی، توسعۀ مهارتهای ارتباطی و مشارکت خانواده، به بهبود تجربۀ بیماران کمک میکند. اجرای توصیههای مبتنی بر شواهد و بومیسازی راهنماها میتواند کیفیت مراقبت را در نظام سلامت ارتقا بخشد
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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