1,720,953 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Risks of painkillers in surface water. Choices in use based on environmental effects
No full textResten van medicijnen kunnen via de urine en ontlasting in het oppervlaktewater terechtkomen. Daar kunnen ze schadelijk zijn voor de organismen die erin leven. Het is daarom belangrijk dat er minder medicijnresten in het oppervlaktewater terechtkomen. Bijvoorbeeld door te kiezen voor medicijnen die het oppervlaktewater het minst belasten. Zowel de zorgsector als de watersector heeft behoefte aan informatie hierover. De zorgsector en patiënten kunnen daarmee bewuste keuzes maken. Het RIVM heeft onderzocht in hoeverre vijf pijnstillers die zonder recept te koop zijn het oppervlaktewater belasten. Hierbij is gekeken wat het voor het oppervlaktewater betekent als een pijnstiller door een andere wordt vervangen. Vooral de hoeveelheden diclofenac in oppervlaktewater kunnen schadelijk zijn voor dieren in water. Dit komt vooral door het gebruik van dit middel als gel op de huid. Het grootste deel van de gel spoelt namelijk weg via douchen of het wassen van kleding, waarna het in het oppervlaktewater terecht komt. Wanneer het niet nodig is om NSAID pijnstillers (diclofenac, ibuprofen of naproxen) te gebruiken én kan worden gekozen voor paracetamol of aspirine, heeft dat vanuit het oogpunt van milieurisico’s de voorkeur. Uitgezocht moet nog worden hoe deze keuze kan worden meegenomen in bijvoorbeeld de richtlijn voor de behandeling van pijn. Deze informeert zorgprofessionals over de keuze van pijnstillers. Daarnaast moet worden uitgezocht hoe de voorlichting over milieurisico’s eruit kan zien voor medicijnen in de vrije verkoop. Voor dit onderzoek heeft het RIVM berekend hoeveel van de werkzame stoffen van vijf pijnstillers via het riool in het oppervlaktewater terechtkomen. Er is niet gekeken naar andere graadmeters voor milieubelasting zoals de hoeveelheid broeikasgassen die vrijkomt bij de productie van de middelen.Through urine and faeces, residues of medicines can end up in surface water, where they may be harmful to the organisms that live there. It is therefore important that fewer medicine residues end up in surface water. One option is to choose medicines that have the lowest impact on surface water. Both the healthcare sector and the water sector need information about this. The healthcare sector and patients can use the information to make informed choices. RIVM has investigated the impact on surface water of five painkillers, all available without a prescription. In addition, RIVM looked at the consequences for surface water if one painkiller were to be replaced by another. Particularly the amounts of diclofenac in surface water may be harmful to aquatic water. This is mainly due to the use of this product as a skin gel. Most of the gel is washed away by showering or washing of clothes, after which it ends up in surface water. If it is not necessary to use NSAID painkillers (diclofenac, ibuprofen or naproxen), paracetamol and aspirin are preferred from an environmental risk standpoint. It remains to be determined how this information can be included in, for example, the guideline for the treatment of pain. This guideline informs healthcare professionals about the choice of painkillers. It is also necessary to investigate what communication on the environmental risks of over-the-counter medicines could look like. For this study, RIVM calculated how much of the active ingredients of five painkillers end up in surface water through sewage. Other environmental impact indicators, such as the volume of greenhouse gases emitted during the production process, were not taken into account
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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