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Sticta isidiokunthii Moncada & Lucking 2012, spec. nov.
No full text<i>Sticta isidiokunthii</i> Moncada & Lücking, <i>spec. nov.</i> (Fig. 3) <p>MycoBank #801845</p> <p> Differing from <i>Sticta kunthii</i> in the presence of marginal isidia.</p> <p> <b>Holotype:</b> — COLOMBIA. <b>Cundinamarca:</b> Mun. La Calera, Parque Nacional Natural Chingaza, Monterrendondo; 4º 44' N, 73º 51' W; 3430 m; 13 Apr 2011, <i>Moncada 4630</i> (UDBC; isotypes: COL, F).</p> <p> Primary photobiont cyanobacterial (<i>Nostoc</i>). Stipe absent. Thallus irregular to suborbicular, up to 15 cm diam., moderately branched, with 3–5 branches per 5 cm radius, branching polytomous; lobes laciniate to flabellate, horizontal to subpendulous, imbricate, involute to weakly canaliculate, with their apices irregular and involute and their margins crenate to lacerate, not thickened; lobe internodes (5–)8–25(–35) mm long, (5–)10–20(–30) mm broad; thallus coriaceous. Upper surface pitted to rugose-foveolate towards the center, dark green when fresh, greyish brown with darker apices in the herbarium, shiny; surface glabrous, without papillae and pruina but with irregular, scattered, white maculae; marginal cilia absent. Apothecia sparse, principally laminal, dispersed, subpedicellate, with pronounced invagination on lower side, up to 2.5 mm diam.; disc orange-brown to red-brown, shiny; margin hirsute, with white to brown hairs. Isidia abundant, predominantly marginal, aggregate, branched to coralloid, vertically to obliquely oriented, up to 0.5 mm long and 0.5 mm broad, darker than the thallus, greenish brown to dark brown, shiny, granular to cylindrical or very slightly flattened; basal stalk when present flattened, without cyphellae. Lower surface uneven, beige to dark brown towards the center; primary tomentum dense, thick but thinner towards the margin, spongy, soft, beige; secondary tomentum absent. Rhizines absent. Cyphellae 1–10 per cm 2 towards the thallus center and 21–40 per cm 2 towards the margin, scattered, irregular, urceolate with wide pore, erumpent to sessile, remaining below the level of the primary tomentum, with the margin elevated and involute, cream-colored, without tomentum; pore (0.25–)0.5–1(–2) mm diam.; basal membrane pubescent, white, K – to K + pale yellow, C –, KC–, P –. Medulla compact, white, K + ochraceous yellow, C –, KC–, P –. No substances detected by TLC.</p> <p>Upper cortex paraplectenchymatous, 25–50 µm thick, uniform, consisting of 2–3 cell layers with cells 8–19 µm diam., their walls 0.6–1.5 µm thick and their lumina rounded to isodiametric, 6–16 µm diam. Photobiont layer 25–50 µm thick, its cells 10–20 µm diam. Medulla 50–150 µm thick, its hyphae 2.5 µm broad, without crystals. Lower cortex paraplectenchymatous, 20–25 µm thick, with 2 cell layers; cells 8–14 µm diam., their walls 1.2–1.5 µm thick. Hairs of lower primary tomentum 125–450 µm long, in fascicles of 12–20, unbranched hyphae, septate with free apices. Cyphellae cavity 100–130 µm deep; cells of basal membrane without papillae. Apothecia biatorine, 400–500 µm high, with distinct stipe; excipulum 100–130 µm broad, laterally with projecting hairs. Hymenium 70–80 µm high; epihymenium 2.5–5 µm high, orangebrown, without gelatinous upper layer. Ascospores not observed.</p> <p> <b>Distribution and Ecology:</b> —South American Andes (Colombia and Bolivia), found between 2290 and 3600 m altitude, in subandine forest and páramo regions, on bark of shrubs and treelets in more or less exposed microhabitats; usually associated with liverworts of the genera <i>Metzgeria</i> and <i>Microlejeunea</i> Stephani (1888) and lichens of the genera <i>Leptogium</i> (Ach.) Gray (Gray 1821), <i>Erioderma</i> Fée (Fée 1825), and <i>Sticta</i>.</p> <p> <b>Etymology:</b> —This species resembles <i>Sticta kunthii</i> Hook f. (Kunth 1822) in thallus morphology but produces isidia.</p> <p> <b>Remarks:</b> —This new species has pitted thallus lobes and a general thallus morphology as in <i>Sticta kunthii</i> and its relatives (Galloway 1995), but differs from those species in the marginal isidia, whereas apothecia are very rare. <i>Sticta isidiokunthii</i> is not the isidiate counterpart of <i>S. kunthii</i> s.str., but instead forms its own clade (Moncada et al. 2012a). Because of the marginal isidia, <i>S. isidiokunthii</i> could be confused with <i>S. weigelii</i> and similar species (McDonald et al. 2003; Galloway 2006), but differs from those in the pitted lobe surface and the pale underside.</p> <p> <b>Additional specimens examined (paratypes):</b> — COLOMBIA. <b>Boyacá</b>: Mun. El Cocuy, Parque Nacional Natural El Cocuy, Alto de la Cueva; 3800 m; 21 Apr 2011, <i>Fonseca & Martínez 225b, 247</i> (UDBC). Mun. Villa de Leyva, SFF Iguaque, surroundings of the administrative building; 2805 m; 24 May 2000, <i>Moncada & Dávila 844</i> (UDBC). <b>Cundinamarca</b>: Mun. Bogotá D. C., Parque Nacional Natural Sumapaz, Páramo de Chisacá, Santa Rosa, Bodegas de Sumapaz, Valle del Rio Colorados (Santa Rosita); 3460 m; 20 Aug 1976, <i>Van der Hammen & Jaramillo-M. 4354</i> (B, COL). Mun. Choachí, El Verjón, PE Matarredonda; 4º 33' N, 74º 00' E; 3220 m; 23 Jan 2011, <i>Moncada 4587</i> (UDBC). Mun. Guasca, Páramo de Guasca; 3350 m; 18 Aug 2011, <i>Moncada 4760</i>, <i>4761</i>, <i>4764</i> (UDBC); ibid.; <i>Lücking 33302</i>, <i>33320</i>, <i>33330</i> (F, UDBC). Mun. La Calera, Parque Nacional Natural Chingaza, Monterredondo; 4º 44' N, 73º 50' E; 3430 m; 13 Apr 2011, <i>Moncada 4624</i>, <i>4629</i>, <i>4631</i>, <i>4632</i>, <i>4633</i>, <i>4634</i>, <i>4643</i> (UDBC). Zona de Amortiguación Parque Nacional Natural Chingaza, Vía del Ángulo towards Rincón del Oso; 3600 m; 7 Nov 2011, <i>Moncada 4959, 4969</i> (UDBC). Mun. San Antonio del Tequendama, PN Chicaque; 2290 m; 23 May 1996, <i>Moncada & Dávila 19b</i> (UDBC). <b>Norte de Santander</b>: Mun. Toledo, Parque Nacional Natural Tamá, Sector Orocué, surroundings of administrative building; 2490 m; 11 Sep 2000, <i>Moncada & Dávila 1047</i> (UDBC); ibid.; 2650 m; 12 Sep 2000, <i>Moncada & Dávila 1203</i> (UDBC). <b>Tolima</b>: Unknown locality; 1844, <i>Goudot s.n.</i> (PC). Mun. Santa Isabel, Camino Real between La Bodega and El Ochoral; 2940 m; 16 Feb 1980, <i>Valencia & Boekhout 191to</i> (COL).</p> <p> BOLIVIA. <b>La Paz:</b> Mapiri; Jan 1893, <i>Bang 1754</i> (US; as <i>Sticta querzicans</i> var. <i>peruviana</i>).</p>Published as part of <i>Moncada, Bibiana & Lücking, Robert, 2012, Ten new species of Sticta and counting: Colombia as a hot spot for unrecognized diversification in a conspicuous macrolichen genus, pp. 1-29 in Phytotaxa 74 (1)</i> on pages 9-11, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.74.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5066523">http://zenodo.org/record/5066523</a>
Sticta rhizinata Moncada & Lucking 2012, spec. nov.
No full textSticta rhizinata Moncada & Lücking, spec. nov. (Fig. 7) MycoBank #801849 Differing from Sticta weigelii in the bryophilous growth habit and the long rhizines on the underside. Holotype: — COLOMBIA. Cundinamarca. Mun. La Calera, Parque Nacional Natural Chingaza, Monterrendondo; 4º 44' N, 73º 50' E; 3430 m; 13 Apr 2011, Moncada 4638 (UDBC; isotypes: COL, F). Primary photobiont cyanobacterial (Nostoc). Stipe absent. Thallus irregular to suborbicular, up to 15 cm diam., moderately branched, with 3–5 branches per 5 cm radius, branching anisotomous to pleurotomous; lobes laciniate, horizontal, adjacent to imbricate, involute, their apices rounded, involute, their margins crenate to sinuous, not thickened; lobe internodes (6–)8–13(–16) mm long, (6–)12–28(–32) mm broad; thallus coriaceous. Upper surface smooth to weakly foveolate or rugose–costillate, green-brown when fresh, redbrown and darkening towards the apices in the herbarium, shiny; surface glabrous, without papillae and pruina, but with irregular, yellowish maculae; marginal cilia absent. Apothecia not observed. Isidia abundant, predominantly marginal, aggregate, branched to coralloid, with rather long branches, vertically to obliquely oriented, up to 0.5 mm long and 0.5 mm broad, darker than the thallus, blackish brown to black, shiny, cylindrical to slightly flattened and becoming spathulate; basal stalk when present cylindrical, without cyphellae. Lower surface uneven, brown; primary tomentum dense up to the margin, thick but thinner towards the margin, spongy, rough, brown-black; secondary tomentum arachnoid, pale. Rhizines abundant, submarginal, aggregate, fibrillate and covered with secondary tomentum, brown-black, up to 10 mm long. Cyphellae 1–20 per cm 2 towards the thallus center and 61–100 per cm 2 towards the margin, scattered, round, urceolate with wide pore, erumpent to prominent, remaining below the level of the primary tomentum, with the margin elevated and involute, pale brown, without tomentum; pore (0.25–)0.4–0.8(–1.5) mm diam.; basal membrane pubescent, white, K + yellow, C –, KC–, P –. Medulla compact, cream-colored, K + yellow, C –, KC–, P –. No substances detected by TLC. Upper cortex paraplectenchymatous, 45–65 µm thick, formed by two different layers: upper layer consisting of 1–2 cell layers with cells 3–4 µm diam., their walls 1.2–2.5 µm thick and their lumina rounded to isodiametric, 1.2–2.5 µm diam.; lower layer consisting of 2–3 cell layers; cells 6–11 µm diam., their walls 1–1.2 µm thick and their lumina rounded to isodiametric, 5–10 µm diam. Photobiont layer 25–50 µm thick, its cells 10–20 µm diam. Medulla 55–175 µm thick, its hyphae 2.5 µm broad, without crystals. Lower cortex paraplectenchymatous, 25–40 µm thick, with 3–4 cell layers; cells 6–16 µm diam., their walls 1–1.5 µm thick. Hairs of lower primary tomentum 110–470 µm long, in fascicles of 12–20, branched hyphae, septate with their apices intertwined. Hairs of lower secondary tomentum 8–18 µm long, of single, branched, moniliform hyphae with free apices. Cyphellae cavity 30–150 µm deep; cells of basal membrane without papillae. Distribution and Ecology: —South American Andes (Colombia). Sticta rhizinata has been found between 2300 and 3720 m altitude in subandine forest and páramo regions in microhabitats with low to high light intensity. It occurs on the western slopes of the Cordilleras Central and Occidental. Typically it grows on the ground inbetween bryophytes of the genera Plagiochila, Frullania Raddi (1818), Metzgeria, Campylopus Brid. (Bridel 1819) and Dicranum Hedw. (Hedwig 1801), and lichens of the genera Hypotrachyna (Vain.) Hale (Hale 1974), Everniastrum Hale ex Sipman (Sipman 1986), and Peltigera Willd. (Willdenow 1787). Etymology: —The epithet refers to the very conspicuous rhizines of this species, quite different from other similar species in the Sticta weigelii complex. Remarks: —This species belongs in the Sticta weigelii complex, being characterized by a cyanobacterial photobiont and comparatively narrow, much branched lobes with marginal isidia (McDonald et al. 2003; Galloway 2006). Within that complex, S. rhizinata is well-characterized by its very narrow, laciniate lobes forming large and conspicuous rhizines on the underside, as well as its ecology, being typically found growing between bryophytes on the ground. Additional specimens examined (paratypes): — COLOMBIA. Boyacá: Mun. Aquitania, Páramo de los Pozos; 3115–3320 m; 26 Feb 2004, Medina & Castillo 10 (UPTC). Mun. Duitama, road from Duitama to Charalá; 3070 m; 23 Jul 1985, Escobar & Santa 213 (HUA). Mun. El Cocuy, Parque Nacional Natural El Cocuy, Alto de la Cueva; 3800 m; 21 Apr 2011, Fonseca & Martínez 224 (UDBC). Mun. Gachantivá, Vereda la Ciénaga, vía Cáscada La Honda; 2300 m; 18 May 2001, Moncada & Dávila 1846b (UDBC). Mun. Socha, Páramo de Pisba, road from Socha to La Punta, km 61.5, Alto de Granados; 3600 m; 10 Jun 1972, Cleef 4356 (B, COL, L). Cundinamarca. Alto de la Viga, Páramo de Cruz Verde, Camino Real towards Las Lagunas; 3450 m; 28 Nov 1974, Van den Hammen 3113 (B, COL). Parque Nacional Natural Sumapaz, Páramo de Chisacá, Santa Rosa, Bodegas de Sumapaz, Valle del Rio Colorados (Santa Rosita); 3470 m; 20 Aug 1976, Van den Hammen & Jaramillo-M. 4420 (B, COL). Parque Nacional Natural Sumapaz, Corregimiento Nazareth, summit to the east of Caseta Los Pinos; 3450 m; 11 May 2004, Moncada & Dávila 2178 (UDBC). Surroundings of Laguna de Chisacá; 4º 17' N, 74º 12 E; 3724 m; 15 Aug 2010, Moncada et al. 4063 (UDBC). Mun. Chipaque, Vereda Marilandia, vía Santuario; 2400 m; 8 Sep 2011, Moncada 4790, 4796, 4896 (UDBC). Mun. Choachí, El Verjón; PE Matarredonda; 04º 34' N, 74º 00' E; 2900–3220 m; 8 May 2010, Moncada 3163 (UDBC); ibid.; 3220 m; 23 Jan 2011, Moncada 4535 (UDBC). Mun. Guasca, Páramo de Guasca; 3350 m; 18 Aug 2011, Moncada 4766 (UDBC). Mun. La Calera, Parque Nacional Natural Chingaza, Monterrendondo; 4º 44' N, 73º 50' E; 3430 m; 13 Apr 2011, Moncada 4635b (UDBC). Mun. Supatá, Alto El Tablazo, Carretera Estación Radar to Supatá; 3400 m; 11–12 Sep 1984, Aguirre & Sipman 5262 (B, COL). Risaralda: Mun. Santa Rosa de Cabal, Vereda El Cedral, vía El Cedral to Laguna del Otún, 100 m of Finca Ceilán; 2300 m; 3 Sep 2003, Moncada & Dávila 2060 (UDBC).Published as part of Moncada, Bibiana & Lücking, Robert, 2012, Ten new species of Sticta and counting: Colombia as a hot spot for unrecognized diversification in a conspicuous macrolichen genus, pp. 1-29 in Phytotaxa 74 (1) on pages 17-18, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.74.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/506652
Sticta arachnofuliginosa Moncada & Lucking 2012, spec. nov.
No full textSticta arachnofuliginosa Moncada & Lücking, spec. nov. (Fig. 1) MycoBank #801843 Differing from Sticta fuliginosa in the larger lobes with faveolate, pubescent-arachnoid surface and the lack of papillae on the cells of the basal membrane of the cyphellae. Holotype: — COLOMBIA. Cundinamarca: Mun. Bogotá D. C., Surroundings of Laguna de Chisacá; 4º 17' N, 74º 12' W; 3734 m; Apr 2008, Moncada et al. 4007 (UDBC; isotypes: F, COL). Primary photobiont cyanobacterial (Nostoc). Stipe absent. Thallus orbicular to irregular in outline, up to 15 cm diam., sparsely branched, with 0–2 branches per 5 cm radius, branching polytomous; lobes suborbicular, horizontal, imbricate, plane to revolute, with rounded, revolute apices, margins entire to crenate, not thickened; lobe internodes 25–50 mm long, 25–60 mm broad; thallus coriaceous. Upper surface faveolate, grey to olive-brown when fresh, brownish grey in the herbarium, matt; surface pubescent, without papillae, pruina, and maculae; marginal cilia absent. Apothecia not observed. Isidia present, abundant, principally laminal, subaggregate, simple to branched or becoming coralloid, vertically oriented, up to 0.2 mm long and 0.05 mm broad, darker than the thallus, brown to blackish brown, shiny, granular to cylindrical; basal stalk when present cylindrical, without cyphellae. Lower surface uneven, white to cream-colored; primary tomentum dense up to the margin, thin to thick, hirsute to fasciculate, soft, white to cream-colored; secondary tomentum pubescent, white to cream-colored. Rhizines absent. Cyphellae scattered, 1–20 per cm 2 towards the thallus center and 21–40 per cm 2 towards the margin, rounded to irregular or becoming angular, plane, immersed, margin remaining below the level of the primary tomentum, white to cream-colored, with tomentum; pore 1–5 mm diam.; basal membrane pubescent, white, K – to K + pale yellow, C –, KC–, P –. Medulla lax, white, K – to K + pale yellow, C –, KC– to KC+ pale yellow, P –. No substances detected by TLC. Upper cortex paraplectenchymatous, 35–50 µm thick, uniform, consisting of 4–5 cell layers with cells 5–10 µ m diam., their walls 1.2–2.5 µm thick and their lumina rounded to isodiametric, 3–7 µm diam. Photobiont layer 35–60 µm thick, its cells 12–18 µm diam. Medulla 30–120 µm thick, its hyphae 2.5 µm broad, without crystals. Lower cortex paraplectenchymatous, 25–35 µm thick, with 2–3 cell layers; cells 4–10 µm diam., their walls 1.2–2.5 µm thick. Hairs of upper primary tomentum 130–160 µm long, in fascicles of up to six, branched hyphae with free, moniliform apices. Hairs of upper secondary tomentum 15–30 µm long, of single, branched, moniliform hyphae with free apices. Hairs of lower primary tomentum 350–480 µm long, in fascicles of 12–20, branched hyphae with free, moniliform apices. Hairs of lower secondary tomentum 20–50 µm long, of single, branched, moniliform hyphae with free apices. Cyphellae cavity 75–280 µm deep; cells of basal membrane without papillae. Distribution and Ecology: —Central American Cordilleras and South American Andes, as well as southern Chile (Guatemala to Chile). The species is found between 2300 and 4050 m altitude, in the páramo region and extending downwards into subandine and cool-temperate forests, usually in more or less exposed microsites. The Colombian records are from the Cordilleras Central and Occidental. The species grows mostly on bark but sometimes also on soil, usually associated with liverworts of the genera Metzgeria Raddi (1818), Lepicolea Dumort. (Dumortier 1835) and Plagiochila (Dumort.) Dumort. (Dumortier 1835), and the lichen Heterodermia circinalis (Zahlbr.) W. A. Weber (Weber 1981). Etymology: —The epithet refers to the superficial similarity with Sticta fuliginosa (Dicks.) Ach. (Acharius 2003) and the presence of a tomentum on the upper lobe surface. Remarks: —This is one of several species traditionally classified under the name Sticta fuliginosa (for an exact description of that species, see Suárez & Lücking 2012), sharing with the latter the broad, rounded, sparsely branched thallus lobes and laminal isidia, but differing in several morphological and anatomical details and being phylogenetically unrelated to S. fuliginosa s.str. (Moncada et al. 2012a). Thus, S. arachnofuliginosa is larger and more robust that S. fuliginosa and immediately set apart by the faveolate, tomentose upper lobe surface; in addition, the cyphellae are much larger and often becoming angular in outline and their basal membrane lacks papillae on the cells. Of all species with a S. fuliginosa gross morphology in Colombia, S. arachnofuliginosa appears to the most common and widespread (Moncada 2012), being in fact found throughout Central and South America. Additional specimens examined (paratypes): — GUATEMALA. Chimaltenango: Cerro de Tecpam; 4 Dec 1938, Standley 58725 (F, US). COLOMBIA. Boyacá: Mun. Arcabuco, 15 km from Arcabuco via Tunja; 2900 m; 11 Jul 1986, Sipman & Reyes 34392 (B, COL). Mun. El Cocuy, Parque Nacional Natural El Cocuy, Valle de las Lagunillas, Cabaña Sisuma; 6º 26' N, 72º 22' E; 3800 m; 19 Apr 2011, Fonseca & Martínez 27, 28, 62, 63 (UDBC). Parque Nacional Natural El Cocuy, Alto de la Cueva; 3800 m; 21 Apr 2011, Fonseca & Martínez 188a, 243 (UDBC). Mun. Villa de Leyva, SFF Iguaque, trail from ranger station vía Laguna de Iguaque; 2805 m; 24 May 2000, Moncada & Dávila 785 (UDBC). Caldas: Mun. Aranzazú, Vereda El Diamante, Finca El Porvenir 5º 15' N, 75º 26' E, 2600 m; 2010, Coca 570 (UDBC). Mun. Santa Rosa de Cabal, Nevado del Ruíz, northwest slope, near hotel of hot springs; 3500 m; 4 Feb 1979, Sipman & Valencia 10528 (COL, L). Cauca: Mun. Puracé, Volcán Puracé, near Pilimbalá; 3470 m; 5 Jan 1976, Cleef & Fernández-P. 493 (COL, L). Parque Nacional Natural Puracé, Pilimbalá, Laguna de San Rafael; 3300 m; 6 Oct 1984, Aguirre & Sipman 5979 (B, COL). Termales de San Juan; 3150 m; 14 Oct 1989, Cardona de Hollaender 992 (CUVC). Cundinamarca: Mun. Bogotá D. C., Parque Nacional Natural Sumapaz, Páramo de Chisacá, road from Usme to Nazareth, towards Laguna Grande.; 3700 m; 4 Sep 1984, Aguirre & Sipman 5004 (B, COL). Páramo de Chisacá, road towards Laguna Larga; 3500 m; 15 Jul 1986, Cardona de Hollaender et al. 40b (CUVC). Surroundings of Laguna de Chisacá; 4º 17' N, 74º 12' E, 3734 m; 8 Apr 2008, Beltrán et al. 51 (UDBC); ibid.; Ardila & Gómez 208 (UDBC), Moncada et al. 4027, 4034, 4049, 4129b, 4130, 4132, 4134b, 4139, 4149, 4227 (UDBC). Mun. Choachí, El Verjón. PE Matarredonda; 4º 33' N, 74º 00' E, 3220 m; 23 Jan 2011, Moncada 4607, 4618 (UDBC). Mun. Cogua, páramo between Cógua and San Cayetano, near Laguna Seca; 3685 m; 9 Nov 1972, Cleef 6139 (COL, L). Mun. Fómeque, Parque Nacional Natural Chingaza, road from Playa to Chuza; 3205 m; 1–4 Apr 1999, Dávila et al. 91 (UDBC). Parque Nacional Natural Chingaza, Río la Playa, Valle de los Frailejones; 3145 m; 1–4 May 1999, Moncada & Dávila 245b, 278, 302, 309, 325b (UDBC). Mun. Guasca, Páramo de Guasca; 3350 m; 18 Ago 2011, Moncada 4726 (UDBC); ibid.; 3200 m; 18 Ago 2011, Lücking 33342, 33346 (F, UDBC). Mun. La Calera, Páramo de Palacio; 3140 m; 22 Jul 1965, Merrill King et al. 482 (US). Zona de Amortiguación Parque Nacional Natural Chingaza, Vía del Ángulo towards Rincón del Oso; 3600 m; 7 Nov 2011, Moncada 4904, 4927 (UDBC). Mun. Villapinzón, Páramo de Villapinzón; 3300 m; 10 Sep 2002, Pinzón 1485 (COL). Huila: Mun. La Plata, Vereda La Candelaria, Rio La Candelaria waterfall; 2300 m; 16 Sep 1985, Aguirre & Sipman 6145 (B, COL). Norte de Santander: Mun. Toledo, Parque Nacional Natural Tamá, Sector El Paramito; 2800 m; 12 Sep 2000, Moncada & Dávila 1301, 1317 (UDBC). Risaralda: Mun. Pereira, Parque Nacional Natural Los Nevados, Laguna de Otún, northwest border; 3795 m; 16 Jan 1980, Boekhout 40 (COL). Mun. Santa Rosa de Cabal, Costado Occidental, Cordillera Central, 500 m south of Finca La Sierra; 3750 m; 1 Oct 1984, Aguirre & Sipman 5465 (B, COL). Tolima: Mun. Herveo, Parque Nacional Natural Los Nevados, Sector Brisas; 4050 m; 1–2 Jul 2002, Dávila 2643 (UDBC). VENEZUELA. Mérida: Sierra Nevada, Laguna Negra; 3500–3600 m; 5 Apr 1975, Hale & Figueiras 44556 (US). ECUADOR. Carchi: Valle de Maldonado, Carretera Tulcán-Maldonado; 3200 m; 18 May 1973, Nielsen et al. 5595c (US). CHILE. X. Región: Río Enco and roadside between Choshuenco and Enco; 39º 54' S, 72º 09' W, 400 m; Coppins et al. 8192 (BM). Parque Nacional Vicente Perez Rosales, Petrohue, Río Petrohue, near falls; 41º 08' S, 72º 27' W, 500 m; on rocks and in Nothofagus forest; 10 Dec 1986, Coppins et al. 8205 (BM). XI. Región: Laguna San Rafael; 46º 40' S, 74º 00' W; mature rainforest on hillside slopes above moraines of San Rafael Glacier; 28 Jan 1990, Galloway 9134 (BM). Laguna San Rafael National Park, vicinity of Puntilla del Cisne, around the hotel; 46º 38' S, 73º 51' W, 5–10 m; open scrubland with single Nothofagus and Embothrium, on dead scrub; 10 Nov 1997, Wedin 6052 (BM).Published as part of Moncada, Bibiana & Lücking, Robert, 2012, Ten new species of Sticta and counting: Colombia as a hot spot for unrecognized diversification in a conspicuous macrolichen genus, pp. 1-29 in Phytotaxa 74 (1) on pages 4-6, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.74.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/506652
Sticta maculofuliginosa Moncada & Lucking 2012, spec. nov.
No full textSticta maculofuliginosa Moncada & Lücking, spec. nov. (Fig. 4) MycoBank #801846 Differing from Sticta fuliginosa by the distinctly maculate lobes, the sparsely tomentose lower side and the absence of a secondary lower tomentum, as well as the lack of papillae on the cells of the basal membrane of the cyphellae. Holotype: — COLOMBIA. Cesar: Mun. Río de Oro, Bosque; 8° 17' N, 73° 25' E; 1701 m; 15 Oct 2010, Moncada 4156 (UDBC; isotypes: COL, F). Primary photobiont cyanobacterial (Nostoc). Stipe absent. Thallus orbicular to irregular in outline, up to 10 cm diam., sparsely branched, with 0–2 branches per 5 cm radius, branching anisotomous to polytomous; lobes suborbicular, adnate, horizontal, imbricate, involute to weakly revolute, with their apices rounded and revolute and their margins entire to lacerate, not thickened; lobe internodes 5–7 mm long, (2–)6–8(–15) mm broad; thallus papyrose, fragile. Upper surface foveolate, greenish grey when fresh, greenish to brownish grey in the herbarium, matt; surface glabrous, without papillae and pruina but with abundant, irregular, often confluent, whitish to yellowish maculae; marginal cilia absent. Apothecia not observed. Isidia abundant, predominantly laminal, dispersed, branched to coralloid, vertically to slightly obliquely oriented, up to 0.5 mm long and 0.05 mm broad, of the same color as the thallus, matt, cylindrical to flattened and becoming spathulate. Lower surface costillate to faveolate, cream-colored to yellowish; primary tomentum sparse, thin, pubescent, soft, cream-colored; secondary tomentum absent. Rhizines sparse, towards the thallus center, tubiform, brown, up to 2 mm long. Cyphellae 1–20 per cm 2 towards the thallus center and 21–40 per cm 2 towards the margin, scattered, irregular, urceolate with wide pore, immersed to erumpent, remaining below the level of the primary tomentum, with the margin thin, cream-colored, without tomentum; pore (0.5–)0.6–1(–1.2) mm diam.; basal membrane pubescent, cream-colored, K –, C –, KC–, P –. Medulla lax, de color pale yellow, K –, C –, KC–, P –. No substances detected by TLC. Upper cortex paraplectenchymatous, 10–30 µm thick, uniform, consisting of 2–3 cell layers with cells 4–10 µm diam., their walls 0.6–2.5 µm thick and their lumina rounded to isodiametric, 2.5–8 µm diam. Photobiont layer 20–40 µm thick, its cells 10–15 µm diam. Medulla 35–75 µm thick, its hyphae 2.5 µm broad, without crystals. Lower cortex paraplectenchymatous, 12–20 µm thick, with 2–3 cell layers; cells 3–13 µm diam., their walls 0.6–2.5 µm thick. Hairs of lower primary tomentum 15–115 µm long, in fascicles of 6–12, unbranched hyphae, septate with free apices. Cyphellae cavity 110–120 µm deep; cells of basal membrane without papillae. Distribution and Ecology: —South American Andes (Colombia). Sticta maculofuliginosa has been found between 1700 and 3750 m altitude, ranging from montane rain forest to the páramo region in the Cordilleras Central and Oriental; it grows in shaded to moderately exposed microhabitats, mostly on bark but sometimes also on rock. Commonly associated bryophytes are Metzgeria, Plagiochila, and Zelometeorium Manuel (Manuel 1977). Etymology: —The epithet refers to the superficial similarity with Sticta fuliginosa and the distinct maculae. Remarks: —Judging from its morphological characters, this new species is likely the cyanomorph of an unknown chloromorph in a photosymbiodemic species (Sanders 2001). In other species from Colombia in which both the chloro- and the cyanomorph is known, the cyanomorph commonly forms small, greyish thalli with distinct maculae and often lacerate lobe margins. This view is supported by the phylogenetic position of the new species, which clusters with other photosymbiodemic species in the same clade (Moncada et al. 2012a), together with the well-known photosymbiodemic species Sticta canariensis (= S. dufourii; Armaleo & Clerc 1991; Purvis 2000). In spite of its superficial resemblance with S. fuliginosa, S. maculofuliginosa is not closely related to that species and can easily be separated from the latter (see Suárez & Lücking 2012) by its maculate lobes, the sparsely tomentose lower side and the absence of a secondary lower tomentum, as well the lack of papillae on the cells of the basal membrane of the cyphellae. Additional specimens examined (paratypes): — COLOMBIA. Antioquia: Mun. Santa Rosa de Osos, road to San José de la Montaña; 2500 m; 10 Jun 1998, Lopera 74 (COL). Boyacá: Mun. Tipacoque, PR Tipacoque; 1850 m; 2010, Simijaca 1810 (UDBC). Cesar: Mun. Chipaque, Vereda Marilandia, vía Santuario; 2400 m; 8 Sep 2011, Moncada 4786b, 4871 (UDBC). Mun. Facatativá, Valle del Rio Dulce, 10 km, northeast of Facatativá; 2600 m; 1 Feb 1979, Sipman et al. 10345b (COL, L). Mun. San Francisco, Vereda Sabaneta, near Quebrada Cueva Grande; 2500 m; 17 Jul 1986, Sipman et al. 23599to (B, COL). Mun. Supatá, Alto El Tablazo, road from radar station to Supatá; 3200 m; 20 Oct 1988, Sipman & Aguirre 27465 (B, COL). Risaralda: Mun. Santa Rosa de Cabal, Costado Occidentral, Cordillera Central, 1 km northeast of Finca La Sierra; 3750 m; 17 Sep 1984, Aguirre & Sipman 5524 (B, COL). Camino Real Termales de Santa Rosa and Hacienda La Sierra; 4° 49' N, 75° 30' E; 3510 m; 3 May 1986, Wolf 867 (B, COL). Tolima: Mun. Ibagué, Las Juntas, El Silencio, Sendero Rancho to La Cueva; 2600–2900 m; 7 May 2000, Moncada & Dávila 2490c (UDBC).Published as part of Moncada, Bibiana & Lücking, Robert, 2012, Ten new species of Sticta and counting: Colombia as a hot spot for unrecognized diversification in a conspicuous macrolichen genus, pp. 1-29 in Phytotaxa 74 (1) on pages 11-13, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.74.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/506652
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
[Retrato de Francisco Moncada y Moncada] [Material gráfico] / B. Moncornet excu.
No full textInscripción: Francois de Moncada Marquis de Aytone General de L'armee du Roy de E'spaign
Sticta papillata Moncada & Lucking 2012, spec. nov.
No full textSticta papillata Moncada & Lücking, spec. nov. (Fig. 6) MycoBank #801848 Differing from Sticta dilatata in the shorter stipe and entire apothecial margin. Holotype: — COLOMBIA Cundinamarca: Mun. Villapinzón, Páramo de Villapinzón; 3200 m; 1 Oct 2010, Alfonso 3 (UDBC). Primary photobiont cyanobacterial (Nostoc). Stipe present but indistinct, up to 5 mm long. Thallus palmate to irregular in outline, up to 10 cm diam., moderately branched, with 3–5 branches per 5 cm radius, branching polytomous to anisotomous; lobes laciniate to flabellate, ascending to almost vertical, adjacent to imbricate, involute to weakly canaliculate, their apices rounded, involute, their margins entire to crenate, not thickened; lobe internodes (5–)6–10(–12) mm long, (5–)8–12(–15) mm broad; thallus coriaceous. Upper surface smooth, dark green when fresh, greenish brown in the herbarium, shiny; surface glabrous, without papillae and pruina, but with abundant, irregular, cream-colored maculae; marginal cilia abundant, penicillate to agglutinate, dark brown, up to 1.5 mm long. Vegetative propagules absent. Apothecia principally laminal, dispersed, subpedicellate, with pronounced invagination on lower side, up to 1 mm diam.; disc red-brown, matt; margin entire, cream-colored. Lower surface smooth to uneven, cream-colored to pale brown towards the center; primary tomentum dense but sparse towards the margin, thick, becoming thin towards the margin, spongy, soft, dark brown; secondary tomentum present but sometimes indistinct, arachnoid, pale. Rhizines absent. Cyphellae 1–10 per cm 2 towards the thallus center and 41–60 per cm 2 towards the margin, scattered, rounded, plane to cupuliform, erumpent to sessile, remaining below the level of the primary tomentum, with the margin elevated to weakly involute, white, without tomentum; pore (0.8–)1–1.25(–1.8) mm diam.; basal membrane pubescent, white, K+ pale yellow, C–, KC–, P–. Medulla compact, white, K+ yellow, C–, KC–, P–. No substances detected by TLC. Upper cortex paraplectenchymatous, 12–35 µm thick, uniform, consisting of 3–5 cell layers with cells 3–10 µm diam., their walls 1.2–2.5 µm thick and their lumina rounded to isodiametric, 1.5–7 µm diam. Photobiont layer 20–70 µm thick, its cells 10–18 µm diam. Medulla 20–70 µm thick, its hyphae 2.5 µm broad, without crystals. Lower cortex paraplectenchymatous, 8–18 µm thick, with 2–3 cell layers; cells 2.5–6.5 µm diam., their walls 0.6–1.2 µm thick. Hairs of lower primary tomentum 120–720 µm long, in fascicles of more than 20, unbranched hyphae, septate with intertwined apices. Hairs of lower secondary tomentum 5–10 µm long, of single, unbranched hyphae, septate with free apices. Cyphellae cavity 80–170 µm deep; cells of the basal membrane with 4–6 papillae. Distribution and Ecology: —South American Andes (Colombia); found within a comparatively narrow altitudinal range of 2720–3200 m in (sub-)andine forests of the Cordilleras Occidental and Oriental, in moderately exposed microhabitats; growing on bark of trees and shrubs, associated with liverworts of the genera Radula and Metzgeria and lichens of the genus Leptogium, among others. Etymology: —Named after the distinct papillae on the cells of the basal membrane of the cyphellae; this was the first species in which we rediscovered this character after Vainio (1890) had initially described it for Sticta laevis (Nyl.) Vain. (Vainio 1890). Remarks: — Sticta papillata belongs in a group of various species with pedunculate, much branched thallus having rather narrow, distinctly ciliate lobes that produce very large and conspicuous cyphellae with more than one papillae per cell on their basal membrane. It is most similar to S. dilatata (Nyl.) Vain. (Vainio 1913), but has narrower lobes, entire instead of crenulate apothecial margins, and a less distinct stipe. It should be mentioned here that the name S. dilatata is misapplied in the literature. Zahlbruckner (1925) assumed that Vainio (1913) had based his combination on S. laciniata var. dilatata Nyl., a taxon described from Colombia and later renamed S. granatensis by Nylander (1874). However, Vainio (1913) based his combination on a very different lichen, S. tomentosa var. dilatata Nyl., also described from Colombia (Nylander 1860). Additional specimens examined (paratypes): — COLOMBIA. Cundinamarca: Mun. Guasca, Vereda La Concepción, basin of the Tunjo; 3000 m; 20 Jun 1989, Sánchez & Linares 1159 (COL). Mun. Guasca, Páramo de Guasca; 3200 m; 18 Ago 2011, Lücking 33370 (F, UDBC). Nariño: Mun. Piedrancha, La Planada, San Isidro, south of Ricaurte (road from Pasto to Tumaco); 1750 m; 2 Jun 1993, Sipman et al. 32871 (B, COL). Norte de Santander: Mun. Toledo, Parque Nacional Natural Tamá, trail from Quebrada la Pedrera to Paramito; 2680 m; 10 Sep 2000, Moncada & Dávila 988 (UDBC); ibid., Sector El Paramito; 2720 m; 12 Sep 2000, Moncada & Dávila 1274 (UDBC).Published as part of Moncada, Bibiana & Lücking, Robert, 2012, Ten new species of Sticta and counting: Colombia as a hot spot for unrecognized diversification in a conspicuous macrolichen genus, pp. 1-29 in Phytotaxa 74 (1) on pages 15-17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.74.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/506652
Sticta rubropruinosa Moncada & Lucking 2012, spec. nov.
No full text<i>Sticta rubropruinosa</i> Moncada & Lücking, <i>spec. nov.</i> (Fig. 8) <p>MycoBank #801850</p> <p> Differing from <i>Sticta granatensis</i> and similar species in the red, K+ green pruina on the thallus and cyphellae, visible as minute, scattered dots.</p> <p> <b>Holotype:</b> — COLOMBIA. <b>Antioquia</b>: Mun. Frontino, Nutibara, cuenca alta del Rio Cuevas; 1780 m; 23 Sep 1987, <i>Sanchez et al. 1621</i> (COL).</p> <p> Primary photobiont green (<i>Dictyochloropsis</i>). Stipe absent. Thallus irregular, up to 20 cm diam., moderately branched, with 3–5 branches per 5 cm radius, branching polytomous to pleurotomous; lobes flabellate, horizontal to subpendulous, interspaced to adjacent, plane, their apices obtuse to truncated, plane, their margins entire, not thickened; lobe internodes (5–)6–12(–20) mm long, (2–)6–7(–10) mm broad; thallus subcoriaceous. Upper surface foveolate to apically faveolate, grass green when fresh, red-brown and apically darker in the herbarium, shiny; surface glabrous, without papillae, with scattered, tiny, often indistinct red spots, and with irregular, yellowish white maculae; marginal cilia abundant, agglutinate to squarrose, brown to blackish, up to 0.7 mm long. Apothecia not observed. Vegetative propagules absent. Lower surface uneven, cream-colored to yellowish; primary tomentum dense but sparse towards the margin, thick, thinner towards the margin, spongy to arachnoid, soft, golden brown; secondary tomentum absent. Rhizines absent. Cyphellae 41–60 per cm 2 towards the thallus center and margin, scattered, rounded, urceolate with wide pore, immersed to erumpent, remaining below the level of the primary tomentum, with the margin revolute, cream-colored to yellowish, with scattered red dots, without tomentum; pore (0.2–)0.5–1.2(–2) mm diam.; basal membrane pubescent and partially red-pruinose, otherwise cream-colored, K + emerald-green where red-pruinose (isohypocrelline), C –, KC–, P –. Medulla compact, pale yellow, K –, C –, KC–, P –. No substances detected by TLC.</p> <p>Upper cortex paraplectenchymatous, 25–35 µm thick, forming two different layers: upper layer consisting of 1–2 cell layers with cells 4–6 µ m diam., their walls 2.5–3.5 µ m thick and their lumina rounded to isodiametric, 1.2–2.5 µm diam.; lower layer consisting of 2–3 cell layers; cells 4–11 µm diam., their walls 1–1.5 µm thick and their lumina rounded to isodiametric, 3–9 µm diam. Photobiont layer 20–25 µm thick, its cells 5–7 µm diam. Medulla 70–115 µm thick, its hyphae 2.5 µm broad, without crystals. Lower cortex paraplectenchymatous, 18–35 µm thick, with 2–3 cell layers; cells 6–14 µm diam., their walls 1.5–3.5 µm thick. Hairs of lower primary tomentum 30–800 µm long, in fascicles of 6–12, branched hyphae, septate with their apices intertwined. Cyphellae cavity 90–110 µm deep; cells of basal membrane without papillae.</p> <p> <b>Distribution and Ecology:</b> —South American Andes (Colombia), known only from the type found at 1780 m altitude in subandine forest of the western slope of the Cordillera Occidental, in a moderately exposed microhabitat. The species grows on bark and was found associated with bryophytes of the genera <i>Omphalantus</i> and <i>Calypogeia</i> Raddi (1818).</p> <p> <b>Etymology:</b> —The name refers to the scattered red pruina on the thallus and cyphellae.</p> <p> <b>Remarks:</b> — <i>Sticta rubropruinosa</i> is one of a number of species with a thallus morphology resembling that of <i>Lobaria pulmonaria</i> (L.) Hoffm., i.e. with green lobes with faveolate surface. It is most similar to <i>S. granatensis</i> Nyl. (Nylander 1874), but differs from these and other species with this morphology by the scattered, red dots on the thallus surface and margin of the cyphellae, consisting of the pigment isohypocrelline, identified by its K+ emerald-green to yellow-green reaction under the microscope. Unfortunately, the pigment concentration in the thallus was found to be too low to show up in TLC. Isohypocrelline latter is comparatively rare in lichens and thus far only known from the families Graphidaceae and Trypetheliaceae (Mathey et al. 1994; Staiger 2002). This is the first time that this pigment is reported for the Peltigerales or any of the known macrolichen genera in the Lecanoromycetes.</p>Published as part of <i>Moncada, Bibiana & Lücking, Robert, 2012, Ten new species of Sticta and counting: Colombia as a hot spot for unrecognized diversification in a conspicuous macrolichen genus, pp. 1-29 in Phytotaxa 74 (1)</i> on pages 20-21, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.74.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5066523">http://zenodo.org/record/5066523</a>
Graphis lurizana Lucking, Moncada & Celis 2019
No full textGraphis lurizana Lücking, Moncada & Celis sp. nov. Mycobank MB 828115 (Fig. 3b). Diagnosis. Differing from Graphis illinata in the apically exposed, black labia and the smaller ascospores. Type. COLOMBIA. Atlántico: Usiacurí, Distrito Regional de Manejo Integrado (DMI) Luriza; 10º44’22” N, 75º01’24” W, 100–200 m; 1 December 2015; R. Lücking, B. Moncada et al. 42922 (UNO, holotype; B, isotype). Description. Thallus corticolous, epiperidermal, up to 7 cm diam., continuous, white-grey, uneven, opaque; prothallus not observed. Thallus in section 100–150 µm thick, with thin, prosoplectenchymatous cortex and irregular photobiont layer, strongly encrusted with large clusters of calcium oxalate crystals. Ascomata lirellate, unbranched to sparsely branched, prominent, 1–3 mm long, 0.4–0.5 mm broad, 0.2–0.3 mm high; disc concealed; labia entire, apically exposed, black, with irregular, lateral thalline margin. Excipulum completely carbonized (thin at the base), 70–100 µm broad; hypothecium 20–30 µm high, hyaline. Hymenium 130–160 µm high, clear; paraphyses unbranched, apically smooth. Asci 120–130 × 25– 25 µm, oblong. Ascospores 1 per ascus, richly muriform, 80–110 × 25–30 µm, oblong, with slightly thickened septa and more or less rounded lumina, hyaline, I+ violet-blue. Secondary chemistry: no substances detected by TLC. Etymology. Graphis lurizana is dedicated to the Luriza community, who manages the Distrito Regional de Manejo Integrado (DMI) Luriza, the first protected area to be declared in the Atlántico Department (Molina-Acosta 2013). Remarks. Graphislurizana keysoutingroup 9 in the Graphis world key of Lücking et al. (2009a). There are four species in this group with large ascospores (> 80 µm), lacking secondary substances, and with elongate, prominent lirellae, namely G. acharii Fée, G. cleistomma Nyl., G. illinata Eschw., and G. subvernicosa Lücking. Graphis acharii and G. subvernicosa have (2–)4–6(–8) ascospores per ascus; in addition, in G. acharii the labia rather regularly become striate and the ascospores are longer (up to 170 µm), whereas in G. subvernicosa, the lirellae have only a basal thalline margin and the ascospores are narrower (15–20 µm broad). Graphis cleistomma and G. illinata agree with the new species in the singlespored asci; however, the first has shorter lirellae with an apically thin complete thalline margin, and larger ascospores (up to 180 × 40 µm), whereas the second has lirellae with an apically thick complete margin and slightly longer ascospores (up to 150 µm).Published as part of Lücking, Robert, Moncada, Bibiana, Habibe, María Cristina Martínez-, Salgado- Negret, Beatriz E., Celis, Marcela, Zamora, Oscar Rojas-, Rodríguez- M., Gina M., Brokamp, Grischa & Borsch, Thomas, 2019, Lichen diversity in colombian caribbean dry forest remnants, pp. 94-214 in Caldasia 41 (1) on pages 206-207, DOI: 10.15446/caldasia.v41n1.71060, http://zenodo.org/record/366676
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