131,528 research outputs found
Differentiation and gene flow among European populations of Leishmania infantum MON-1.
No full textBACKGROUND: Leishmania infantum is the causative agent of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Mediterranean region, South America, and China. MON-1 L. infantum is the predominating zymodeme in all endemic regions, both in humans and dogs, the reservoir host. In order to answer important epidemiological questions it is essential to discriminate strains of MON-1. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We have used a set of 14 microsatellite markers to analyse 141 strains of L. infantum mainly from Spain, Portugal, and Greece of which 107 strains were typed by MLEE as MON-1. The highly variable microsatellites have the potential to discriminate MON-1 strains from other L. infantum zymodemes and even within MON-1 strains. Model- and distance-based analysis detected a considerable amount of structure within European L. infantum. Two major monophyletic groups-MON-1 and non-MON-1-could be distinguished, with non-MON-1 being more polymorphic. Strains of MON-98, 77, and 108 were always part of the MON-1 group. Among MON-1, three geographically determined and genetically differentiated populations could be identified: (1) Greece; (2) Spain islands-Majorca/Ibiza; (3) mainland Portugal/Spain. All four populations showed a predominantly clonal structure; however, there are indications of occasional recombination events and gene flow even between MON-1 and non-MON-1. Sand fly vectors seem to play an important role in sustaining genetic diversity. No correlation was observed between Leishmania genotypes, host specificity, and clinical manifestation. In the case of relapse/re-infection, only re-infections by a strain with a different MLMT profile can be unequivocally identified, since not all strains have individual MLMT profiles. CONCLUSION: In the present study for the first time several key epidemiological questions could be addressed for the MON-1 zymodeme, because of the high discriminatory power of microsatellite markers, thus creating a basis for further epidemiological investigations
YIELD BENEFIT OF CORN EVENT MON 863
No full textData from field experiments are used to estimate the yield benefit of corn hybrids containing event MON 863 relative to nontransgenic corn hybrids without corn rootworm control and with a soil insecticide for corn rootworm control. Over typical ranges for corn rootworm population pressure, event MON 863 provides a yield benefit of 9-28% relative to no control and of 1.5-4.5% relative to control with a soil insecticide. For a reasonable range of prices and yields, the value of the event MON 863 yield benefit is 75/ac relative to no control and 12/ac relative to control with a soil insecticide, depending on corn rootworm pressure. Because of the low correlation between yield loss and the root rating difference, a common empirical finding when estimating yield loss with root ratings, the 95% confidence intervals around these averages are quite wide. Though on average, event MON 863 has substantial value, the wide confidence intervals imply that farmers will see a wide variety of actual performance levels in their fields. This uncertainty in the realized yield benefit is not due to any property of event MON 863, but rather due to the inherent randomness in the numerous environmental and agronomic factors determining a corn plant's yield and yield response to corn rootworm larval feeding damage.Crop Production/Industries,
CCD polarimetry as a probe of regions of recent star-formation
No full textChapter 1 of this thesis details the incorporation of a Charged Coupled Device (CCD) detector system with the Durham Imaging Polarimeter. The details include the physical characteristics of the device and the electronics and software associated with the device control and data storage. The introduction of the CCD detector system haa made necessary the inclusion of a super-achromatic half-wave plate in the polarimeter which has an inherent variability in its optic axis. Chapter 2of this work describes fully how suitable corrections for this effect can be made, and derives "first order" results. The CCD performance is examined in comparison with the detector used previously and hence the veracity of the new results is established. Chapter 3 is a relevant summary of the status of the astronomy of the immediate regions of recent star-formation. Chapter 4 describes multicolour polarimetry of NGC2261/R Mon covering the period 1979 to 1986. The data conclusively proves that the polarisation of R Mon must be due to effects close to R Mon (~ 14 astronomical units). This is evident because of the dynamic timescale of the variations of the polarisation of R Mon and the anomalous band of polarisations seen across the head of the nebula. The interpretation presented is an extension of the Elsasser and Staude (1978) method of polarising objects embedded within the confines of a nearly edge-on disk. Detailed polarisations within the main nebula body provide evidence for this extended interpretation and also for an extensive helical magnetic field which may extend into the disk. Also it is seen that R Mon must still be "shrouded" in material preventing light from directly reflecting in the main nebula body. It is not thought that the variations in the region close to R Mon are due to planetary bodies but to accretion from the disk. The results of this re-interpretation of the polarising mechanism are tentatively applied to other similar objects
Comparative microsatellite typing of new world leishmania infantum reveals low heterogeneity among populations and its recent old world origin.
No full textLeishmania infantum (syn. L. chagasi) is the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the New World (NW) with endemic regions extending from southern USA to northern Argentina. The two hypotheses about the origin of VL in the NW suggest (1) recent importation of L. infantum from the Old World (OW), or (2) an indigenous origin and a distinct taxonomic rank for the NW parasite. Multilocus microsatellite typing was applied in a survey of 98 L. infantum isolates from different NW foci. The microsatellite profiles obtained were compared to those of 308 L. infantum and 20 L. donovani strains from OW countries previously assigned to well-defined populations. Two main populations were identified for both NW and OW L. infantum. Most of the NW strains belonged to population 1, which corresponded to the OW MON-1 population. However, the NW population was much more homogeneous. A second, more heterogeneous, population comprised most Caribbean strains and corresponded to the OW non-MON-1 population. All Brazilian L. infantum strains belonged to population 1, although they represented 61% of the sample and originated from 9 states. Population analysis including the OW L. infantum populations indicated that the NW strains were more similar to MON-1 and non-MON-1 sub-populations of L. infantum from southwest Europe, than to any other OW sub-population. Moreover, similarity between NW and Southwest European L. infantum was higher than between OW L. infantum from distinct parts of the Mediterranean region, Middle East and Central Asia. No correlation was found between NW L. infantum genotypes and clinical picture or host background. This study represents the first continent-wide analysis of NW L. infantum population structure. It confirmed that the agent of VL in the NW is L. infantum and that the parasite has been recently imported multiple times to the NW from southwest Europe
Mon Dieu, mon Dieu …
No full textSeries: Émotions de Chasse
Published in Le Charivari
Original text: Mon Dieu, mon Dieu...., pourvu qu\u27il ne déracine pas l\u27arbre!.....https://commons.und.edu/daumier-prints/1903/thumbnail.jp
Dors mon enfant : berceuse / paroles de L. Chassigneux ; musique de L. Berhard
No full textTitre uniforme : Berhard, L. (18..-19.. ; compositeur). Compositeur. [Dors mon enfant]Mélodies acc. de piano -- +* 1800......- 1899......+:19e siècle:Mélodies françaises -- +* 1800......- 1899......+:19e siècle:Berceuses (musique vocale) -- +* 1800......- 1899......+:19e siècle
Egg Maria — Mon enfant n'est pas comme les autres
No full textL. Egg Maria — Mon enfant n'est pas comme les autres. In: Population, 20ᵉ année, n°1, 1965. p. 137
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Mon Mémoire MEEF en 180 secondes
No full textFinale Académique - Martinique - " Mon mémoire MEEF en 180 secondes ".
Cette étape du concours consiste à élire le vainqueur local du concours " Mon Mémoire MEEF en 180 secondes " pour aller représenter l\u27académie Martinique lors de la finale nationale qui a lieu à l\u27ESPE d\u27Aix Marseille. Cette manifestation est l\u27occasion pour la lauréate ou le lauréat de chacune des ESPE de valoriser le mémoire élaboré au cours de la 2ème année du master Métiers de l\u27enseignement, de l\u27éducation et de la formation (MEEF) et d\u27en permettre une large diffusion. Elle met en exergue la capacité à convaincre le jury national en trois minutes en alliant des qualités d\u27éloquence, d\u27argumentation et de concision.
Résultats de la finale académique Martinique :
1) Stephen MASSON
2) Murielle MARKOS
3) Nelly POLYT
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