1,720,973 research outputs found
Teaching language through literature: George Orwell’s ‘Shooting an Elephant’ in the EFL classroom
No full textThis article intends to show how an English language teaching material can be developed using a literary text. It is a qualitative study, and I have used the content analysis method. Here the first and the second paragraphs of the essay, “Shooting an Elephant” by George Orwell, are explored for bringing out potential linguistic features to be taught to undergraduate level students who learn English as a foreign language (hereafter, EFL). All the four basic skills of English language are emphasized in this teaching material. Different items like comprehension questions, guessing the meaning from the context, identification of phrases and identification of ironic expressions are set to develop and test students’ comprehension level. Items, like breaking up long sentences into smaller ones, changing sentences, rewriting sentences and writing paragraphs, are designed to develop the writing skill of the students. Similarly, items for developing listening and speaking skills of the learners are also retained in this material. It is shown that an essay can also be a potential source for developing language teaching material only if the selection is properly made. Further studies may test the effectiveness of the material for teaching both basic language skills and language areas
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Socio-economic Dimension of Indoor Radon Gas in West Michigan - A Public Health Discourse and Merit to Use HIT in Shaping Health Behavior
No full textThis study focuses on indoor radon levels and socioeconomic data from West Michigan, MI. It was designed to: i) analyze the relationship between indoor radon levels and socioeconomic status of the participating households, and ii) assess the degree of public awareness about the danger of indoor radon gas. The study participants expressed that they knew that radon was negative, and a health risk, but were not equipped with the knowledge to test for or mitigate radon. With nearly half of the participants affected in some way by cancer, radon is a concern and a source for worry among many citizens. Health information technology (HIT) will be an effective tool to shape people’s health behavior along with accelerating awareness about radon gas, its health risks, and measures to mitigate unsafe radon level
Homeless health and access to healthcare in urban settings a social epidemiology
No full textThis paper examines the relationship between healthcare and homelessness in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Homelessness is on the increase, with over 630,000 people in the US experiencing homelessness on a given night between 2009 and 2011. Ethnographic surveys, semi-structured interviews, life histories, demographic characteristics, and personal health statistics data were collected and compiled for 70 homeless individuals living in the study area. Preliminary results suggest that homeless people with health problems often have difficulty seeking healthcare service. 51% reported having difficulties finding appropriate healthcare service, and 70% had one or more health problems. The ethnographic findings suggest that many of the study population encountered multiple barriers that limited access to healthcare services. The intensive ethnographic method has helped to understand the difficulties being faced by the homeless population in the study area to have healthcare. The findings will be useful for community health program personnel, policy makers and local community based organizations including non-governmental organizations (NGOs) seeking to design suitable healthcare service delivery systems
Health Disparities and the Role of Government in the Developing Countries - An Ethnographic Study
No full textThis study explores the nature of health disparities in the developing countries. Specifically, it examines the role of government in addressing inequality of healthcare services in rural Bangladesh. Factors influencing health disparities and inequalities are tied to knowledge, attitude, and health behavior of using public healthcare services and community health interventions. Participant observation and ethnographic surveys of the population were conducted to evaluate data and to develop a comprehensive view of perceptions about use of healthcare, water, and sanitation services. The findings will be helpful to the healthcare personnel, non-governmental organizations, funding agencies and policy makers of the developing world
Power of Culture in Sustaining Safe Water and Sanitation Use in Rural Bangladesh ---- An Ethnographic Study
No full textThis study assessed water and sanitation as a cultural practice in rural areas of Southern Bangladesh. It measured E. coli and coliform bacteria levels in surface and groundwater sources in the study area. Factors influencing sustainable water as a resource were assessed, including aquifer characteristics and sanitation routines. Ethnographic surveys of the population were conducted to evaluate knowledge and attitudes regarding water contamination, sanitation, and community intervention methods for providing safe water, better sanitation and healthcare. Data were used to develop a comprehensive view of perceptions about water, tied to sanitation, and a model for contamination pathways in water quality
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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