1,721,235 research outputs found
Gesundheitseinflüsse ausgewählter Aspekte der urbanen Umwelt: Eine Analyse der Heinz Nixdorf Recall Studie zu Straßenverkehrslärm und Grün am Wohnort
Full text linkThe main aim of this thesis was to analyze residential road traffic noise and surrounding greenness in relation to different aspects of human health.
The thesis comprises two publications, which used data from the German Heinz Nixdorf Recall study including 4,814 middle aged and older men and women living in the Ruhr metropolitan region in Germany.
For the first publication, a prospective approach was used to study the effect of residential road traffic noise with depressive symptoms after five years of follow-up in participants that were free from depressive symptoms at baseline. We found that high depressive symptoms occurred about 30% more frequently in study participants exposed to mean annual road traffic noise levels >55 dB(A) compared with ≤55 dB(A), taking relevant potential confounding factors into account.
The second publication comprises a cross-sectional analysis of the association between residential surrounding greenness measured by Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and self-rated health. Further, relationships of greenness and self-rated health with neighborhood satisfaction, perceived safety, social satisfaction and neighborhood social capital were analyzed. We found that a 0.1-increase in residential NDVI reduced the odds of poor self-rated health by approximately 10%, considering NDVI both in the 100-m and the 1000-m radius around home and adjusting for potential confounders. Greenness was also positively associated with neighborhood satisfaction and neighborhood social capital which in turn were also associated with better self-rated health. Social satisfaction and perceived safety were associated with better self-rated health, but not with residential surrounding greenness measured by NDVI.
The results of this thesis are in line with the presumed health impacts of residential road traffic noise and surrounding greenness and provide support for results that have been reported in previous research. This stresses the importance of the environmental factors traffic noise and surrounding greenness for public health and urban planning. Future studies on these topics should aim to additionally incorporate qualitative measures of environmental exposures
Mediterranean diet has no effect on markers of inflammation and metabolic risk factors in patients with coronary artery disease
No full textObjective: Mediterranean diet is associated with decreased levels of inflammatory markers and metabolic risk factors in epidemiologic studies and recent trials on patients with metabolic syndrome. Given the recent improvements in medical treatments, it is unclear if such beneficial effects are also present in patients with coronary artery disease ( CAD). We therefore investigated the effect of Mediterranean diet on markers of inflammation and metabolic risk factors in patients with treated CAD. Design: Randomized, controlled trial. Subjects: A total of 101 patients (59.4 +/- 8.6 years, 23% female) with established and treated CAD (80% statins). Interventions: Participants were assigned to a Mediterranean diet group (MG; n = 48) with a 1-year program of 100 h of education, or to a written advice-only group (AG; n = 53). Before and after intervention, we measured serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), fibrinogen, fasting insulin, homocysteine, serum lipids and plasma fatty acids. Results: The Mediterranean diet program increased the intakes of fish, fruits/vegetables and moderately of canola/olive oil and increased plasma concentrations of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the MG. Median hs-CRP and mean fibrinogen, homocysteine, fasting insulin, triglycerides and serum cholesterols remained unchanged in both groups. Conclusions: Adoption of a Mediterranean diet by patients with medically treated CAD has no effect on markers of inflammation and metabolic risk factors
Verteilung des Blutdrucks in der Deutschen Bevölkerung
No full textMany epidemiological studies have addressed various aspects of blood pressure, ranging from descriptions of normal blood pressure distributions in different populations to the influence of age and other factors on blood pressure. However studies consider blood pressure in terms of hypertension, assessing prevalence, treatment and control of hypertension in diverse populations. Very few studies are available dealing with the distribution of blood pressure values in population as percentiles, none of which is from Europe and none of which addresses a wide age range, sex and coexisting cardiovascular risk factors.
Therefore, main aim of this thesis was to examine in detail the distribution of blood pressure of a large cross sectional study sample of 35,869 women and men aged 18-99 years. The second aim was to validate the observed age-effects in the cross-sectional German Metabolic and Cardiovascular Risk Study, in the independent, longitudinal and population-based Heinz Nixdorf Recall study, using baseline and 5 year follow up data of 4,157 men and women, aged 45-75 years.
This study showed an age-related increase of the systolic blood pressure in all percentiles in both men and women, independent of the intake of antihypertensive medication, and/or presence of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) or CVD risk factors. This is the first study to provide detailed information on the population distribution of blood pressure readings relating to both sexes, very old individuals and CVD risk factors. Furthermore, the age related increase observed in the systolic blood pressure in the cross sectional study could be confirmed for men and women, aged 45-75 years in the independent, longitudinal Heinz Nixdorf Recall study
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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