1,720,953 research outputs found
Bonusprogrammer i norsk innenriks luftfart
Get PDFDenne studien fokuserer på opphevingen av bonusforbudet i norsk innenriks luftfart i 2013, en viktig regulatorisk endring som påvirket konkurransen i markedet. Bonusforbudet som ble innført i 2002, skulle fremme konkurranse ved å hindre SAS fra å utnytte sitt lojalitetsprogram til å dominere markedet. Opphevingen ble delvis presset frem av EFTAs overvåkingsorgan (ESA), men møtte skepsis fra Konkurransetilsynet, som fryktet negative effekter som høyere priser og redusert konkurranse.Formålet med studien er å undersøke hvordan opphevingen av bonusforbudet påvirket konkurransen, med særlig fokus på SAS. Vi analyserer lojalitetsprogrammets rolle i å påvirke konkurransen gjennom mekanismer som innelåsningseffekten, redusert prisfølsomhet og økt kundelojalitet. Studien baserer seg på en Difference-in-Differences-metode (DiD) for å identifisere effektene av opphevingen ved å sammenligne utviklingen i Norge (behandlingsgruppe) med Sverige (kontrollgruppe). Datagrunnlaget består av informasjon om priser, estimerte passasjertall og billettklasser for perioden 2010 til 2019, hvor SAS er hovedfokus grunnet manglende data på Norwegian.Resultatene viser at opphevingen av bonusforbudet førte til økt total gjennomsnittspris, hovedsakelig som følge av en endring i passasjersammensetningen. Selv om vi forventet en prisøkning for business-segmentet grunnet innelåsningseffekter, indikerer analysene en relativ prisnedgang i både business- og economy-segmentet. Samtidig hadde opphevingen en positiv effekt på passasjertallene, særlig i business-segmentet, hvor lojalitetsprogrammene har sterkest effekt i henhold til teorien. Studien gir innsikt i hvordan regulatoriske endringer og lojalitetsprogrammer påvirker konkurransen i norsk innenriks luftfart. Den belyser hvordan lojalitetsprogrammer kan gi markedsfordeler til etablerte aktører, men også om effektene er sterke nok til å påvirke markedet som helhet. Dette gir et viktig bidrag til forståelsen av konkurranse i regulerte markeder.This study focuses on the repeal of the bonus ban in Norwegian domestic aviation in 2013, a significant regulatory change that impacted market competition. The bonus ban, introduced in 2002, was intended to promote competition by preventing SAS from leveraging its loyalty program to dominate the market. The repeal was partially driven by pressure from the EFTA Surveillance Authority (ESA), but it faced skepticism from the Norwegian Competition Authority, which feared negative effects such as higher prices and reduced competition. The purpose of this study is to examine how the repeal of the bonus ban affected competition, with a particular focus on SAS. We analyze the role of loyalty programs in shaping competition through mechanisms such as the lock-in effect, reduced price sensitivity, and increased customer loyalty. The study employs a Difference-in-Differences (DiD) methodology to identify the effects of the repeal by comparing developments in Norway (treatment group) with Sweden (control group). The dataset includes information on ticket prices, estimated passenger numbers, and ticket classes for the period 2010 to 2019, with SAS being the primary focus due to the lack of data on Norwegian Air Shuttle. The results indicate that the repeal of the bonus ban led to an increase in overall average ticket prices, primarily due to a shift in passenger composition. Although we anticipated a price increase in the business segment due to lock-in effects, the analysis reveals a relative price decrease in both the business and economy segments. Simultaneously, the repeal had a positive effect on passenger numbers, particularly in the business segment, where loyalty programs exert the strongest influence according to theory. This study provides insights into how regulatory changes and loyalty programs impact competition in Norwegian domestic aviation. It highlights how loyalty programs can offer market advantages to established players while also questioning whether their effects are substantial enough to influence the market as a whole. This contributes valuable knowledge to the understanding of competition in regulated markets
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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