NHH Brage (Norges Handelshøyskole)
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Parental Leave from the Firm’s Perspective
Full text linkThis study investigates the firm’s response to parental leave induced worker absence. Combining a 20-week maternal leave expansion in Norway and detailed matched employer-employee data between 1983 and 2013, we identify the causal impact of absence on outcomes using a shift-share design. Employers with greater exposure to absence hire more women aged 40 or less and face more employment turnover. These adjustments do not affect profits, but lead to greater investments and sales and to a lower value added and a lower wage bill. One important channel behind such changes is a significant growth of young female part-time employment
Local Charger Availability and Electric Vehicle Adoption: Evidence from Norway
Full text linkThis paper examines the effect of local public charging infrastructure on electric vehicle (EV) adoption using microdata from Norway between 2010 and 2023. We use 1.59 million new car registrations, geocoded to buyers’ residences and matched to nearby charging stations, along with neighbourhood controls and fixed effects, to estimate the causal impact of local charger availability. Our preferred estimates show that adding 100 normal chargers within 5 km of a new car buyers residence increases the probability of EV adoption by 0.6 percentage points, while 100 fast chargers raise it by 3 percentage points
Local Booms and Innovation
Full text linkUsing oil and gas shocks as an exogenous source of business cycles at the U.S. commuting zone level, we provide novel evidence that local booms increase local patenting, especially in non-metropolitan areas. This reflects agglomeration economies that make incumbent inventors more productive. In contrast to total patenting, innovation in oil and gas – the sector closest to the boom – is countercyclical, consistent with higher opportunity costs of innovation in a booming industry. Our findings shed new light on the spatial dimension of innovation, inform recent debates on place-based industrial policy, and help to reconcile mixed evidence on the cyclicality of innovation
Hydrogen in Renewable-Intensive Energy Systems: Path to Becoming a Cost-Effective and Efficient Storage Solution
Full text linkThis paper examines the integration of hydrogen storage in renewable-intensive energy systems. Current hydrogen storage technology is too costly and inefficient, but reducing hydrogen costs to 12.5% of current levels and increasing round-trip efficiency to 70% could make it com petitive. These are challenging targets but feasible given positive predictions on cost reduction and efficiency attainability currently. Hydrogen storage reduces total energy system costs by partly replacing lithium batteries to lower storage costs, due to its suitability for long-term storage, while increasing grid flexibility to lower transmission costs. Moreover, integrating hydrogen can decrease the share of nuclear and fossil fuels in the generation mix, reducing generation costs. Italy and Germany are identified as primary targets for hydrogen expansion in Europe. In scenarios of limited lithium supply, hydrogen becomes more competitive and essential to compensate for system storage capacity shortages, though it may not reduce total system costs
Fairness Across the World
Full text linkThis paper provides global evidence on the nature of inequality acceptance, based on a large-scale experimental study with more than 65,000 individuals across 60 countries. We show that, across the world, the source of inequality matters substantially more for inequality acceptance than the cost of redistribution. However, fairness views vary significantly across countries, largely reflecting disagreement over whether inequality caused by luck is fair. The meritocratic fairness view is most prevalent in the Western world, but substantial support for the libertarian and egalitarian fairness views exists in many countries. Focusing on beliefs, we further show that, globally, people believe luck plays a greater role than merit in shaping inequality, while disagreement about the cost of redistribution is more pronounced. Finally, we establish that both fairness views and beliefs about the source of inequality are key to understanding policy attitudes and cross-country variation in government redistribution, whereas efficiency considerations play a less important role
Optimal risk sharing with translation invariant recursive utility for jump-diffusions
Full text linkWe consider optimal risk sharing where agents have preferences represented by translation invariant recursive utility. The dynamics in continuous time is driven by diffusion processes and a random jump measure. The model has some appealing features compared to the scale invariant version. Economic effects of sudden events, like catastrophes or pandemics, can be interpreted and separated from ordinary shocks to the economy. Unlike the scale invariant version, this model allows for a treatment of heterogeneous preferences, and consequently optimal risk sharing at a general and basic level. A new endogenous variable, a traded security, enters via the preference structure, affecting the key relations between agents. We also implement a stock market in this setting, and derive a consumption based capital asset model. A catastrophe-insurance forward contract is analyzed as an application of our general model, where the jump part is priced and plays the essential role
Comparing Subsidies to Solve Coordination Failure
Full text linkWe use experiments to systematically test the performance of subsidies aimed at inducing efficient coordination in a coordination game. We consider two classes of policies: those based on divide-and-conquer (i.e. iterated dominance) and those making the efficient Nash equilibrium of the game risk dominant. Cost-efficient policies from both classes are equally expensive but differ in the distribution of subsidies among agents. Our results show that risk dominance subsidies increase coordination more effectively or at a lower cost than divide-and-conquer subsidies
The Power to Discriminate
Full text linkThis paper examines the relationship between labor market power and employer discrimination, providing new causal evidence on when and where discriminatory outcomes arise. We leverage job displacements from mass layoffs and firm closures as a source of exogenous job search and combine this with an exact matching approach. We compare native–immigrant worker pairs who held the same job at the same firm, in the same occupation, industry, location, and wage prior to displacement. By tracking post-displacement outcomes across labor markets with differing levels of employer concentration, we identify the causal effect of labor market power on discriminatory behavior. We document four main findings. First, wage and employment discrimination against immigrants is substantial. Second, discrimination is amplified in concentrated labor markets and largely absent in highly competitive ones. Third, product market power has no independent effect, consistent with the idea that wage-setting power is necessary for discriminatory outcomes. Fourth, observed gaps fade with sustained employer–immigrant interactions, consistent with belief-based discrimination and employer learning. Together, these findings show that discrimination is not fixed, but shaped by market structure and firm-level dynamics
East Asian Productivity Development: Why did the Philippines fall back?
Full text linkDuring the late decades of the 20th and early decades of the 21th century East Asia experienced significant economic growth. However, the Philippines diverged due to slower growth rates. By establishing new and revised historical series for historical development of GDP in purchasing power parities along with productivity series, the paper concludes that almost lack of total productivity growth caused the bad performance of the Philippines. The reason for the inferior development seem to be dysfunctional political and managerial systems, with significant corruption and lack of investments in infrastructure. The system made foreign direct investments stay low until the last approximately 15 years, when the Philippine economy started a convergence process