31 research outputs found
Donato Ndongo e o exílio literário
No full textThe writer Donato Ndongo portrays the situation in Equatorial Guinea, his country, in which a dictatorship has become a political, social and cultural structure, and where fear dominates society and prevents intellectuals to express freely their thinking. In order to understand Ndongo’s work one must understand the problem underlying the artistic production in his native country and the conditions of reception in the country where he writes and of the audiences that might reach his work. Such audiences gain a singular significance as the author is forced to publish from exile, in the country that was once the colonizer, Spain, and to work for wide ranging audiences, from cultural systems too far from that of Equatorial Guinea, and thus, with no knowledge of the specificities there existent.Donato Ndongo, escritor equatoguineense, retrata a situação no seu país, uma conjuntura ditatorial tornada estrutura política, social e cultural, em que o medo domina a sociedade e impede os intelectuais deste país de expressarem livremente o seu pensamento. Para compreender a obra do autor, urge entender a problemática subjacente à produção artística no seu país de origem e às condições de recepção no país onde escreve e dos públicos que poderão aceder ao seu trabalho. Estas assumem particular importância, quando o autor se vê forçado a publicar no exílio, no país outrora potência colonizadora, a Espanha, e a trabalhar para públicos abrangentes, inseridos em sistemas culturais distantes do equatoguinneense, portanto, desconhecedores das especificidades aí existentes
Buea asylos Cumberlidge & Mvogo Ndongo & Clark & Daniels 2019, comb. nov.
No full textBuea asylos (Cumberlidge, 1993) comb. nov. (Figures 1 (a,b), 4(a), 5(a,b,g), 6(a,b), 7(a,d) and 8(a,d,g)) Type species. Potamonemus asylos Cumberlidge, 1993, by present designation. Potamonemus asylos Cumberlidge, 1993: 576 – 584, figs 3, 4, 5a – b, 6a – c, 8a – b; tables 2, 3; Cumberlidge 1999: figs 40C, 41C,F, 42C,F, 43C,F, 44C, 53G, 54 – 57, 61E, 65F, table IX; Ng et al. 2008: 171; Cumberlidge 2011a: 78, 80, 82, 86, table 6.1; Cumberlidge 2011b: 190; Mvogo Ndongo et al. 2017b: 3, table 1; Daniels et al. 2015, table 1. Material examined Type material. Cameroon: Buea asylos (Cumberlidge, 1993) comb. nov. adult ♂ holotype, CW 27.6, CL 18.3, CH 9.0, FW 7.5 mm, between Buea (4.153484°N, 9.299551°E) and Kumba (4.638727°N, 9.441354°E), South-West Region, coll. R.H.L. Disney, 1969 (NHM 1994.587 donation from NMU 1969 /1991). Paratypes, 3 ♀♀, CWs 25.4, 23.7, 18.7 mm, 3 ♂♂, CWs 22.3, 20.1, 19.8 mm, between Buea (4.153484°N, 9.299551°E) and Kumba (4.638727°N, 9.441354°E), South-West Region, coll. R.H.L. Disney, 1969 (NHM 1994.588 – 591), DNA voucher specimens (Daniels et al. 2015, table 1). Adult ♂, CW 22.4, CL 15.8, CH 6.8, FW 6.9 mm, Buea (4.153484°N, 9.299551°E) Kumba area, South-West Region, coll. R. H.L. Disney, 1969 (NMU TRW 1969.22), specimen photographed here. Other material examined. Adult ♀, CW 23.2, CL 17.2, CH 7.4, FW 7.4 mm, Buea (4.153484°N, 9.299551°E), Kumba area, South-West Region, coll. R.H.L. Disney, 29 April 1969 (NMU TRW 1969.13 a). Adult ♂, CW 19.8, CL 14.5, CH 6.8, FW 6.9 mm, 3 subadult ♂♂, CWs 16.4, 15.6, 14.9 mm, subadult ♀, CW 15.3 mm, 9 juv., Okia Stream, Kumba area, South-West Region, coll. R.H.L. Disney, 9 May 1969 (NMU TRW 1969.27). Adult ♂, CW 19.0 mm, 3 subadult ♂♂, CWs 18.4, 15.8, 12.6 mm, subadult ♀, CW 17.9 mm, 2 juv., Okia Stream, Kumba area, South-West Region, coll. R.H.L. Disney, 27 March 1969 (NMU TRW 1969.29). Limbé (formerly Victoria), South-West Region, 2 ♂♂, CWs 21.3, 20.1 mm, coll. E. Fickenday, 6 November 1912, ‘ edible land crabs ’ (ZIM K-3607). Diagnosis Exorbital tooth absent where anterolateral margin meets lateral orbital margin (Figures 1 (a,b) and 4(a)); major cheliped dactylus broad, flattened, not arched (Figures 1 (b) and 5(a,b)); lower margin of cheliped merus with four large jagged pointed teeth (Figures 1 (b) and 6(a,b)); anterior corners of carapace surface smooth; carapace grooves shallow to absent (Figures 1 (a) and 4(a); Cumberlidge 1993, figs. 2a, 3a). Description Same as for the genus and for P. asylos comb. nov. (see Cumberlidge 1993, 1999). Distribution Buea asylos comb. nov. is endemic to the rainforest zone of south-western Cameroon between the towns of Kumba, Buea and Limbé (Cumberlidge 1993, 1999). Type locality Between Buea and Kumba, south-western Cameroon. Ecology Buea asylos comb. nov. is restricted to the humid lowland and montane rainforests of south-western Cameroon in the area near Mount Cameroon (4095 m asl) that has an annual average rainfall of more than 5000 mm (Mvogo Ndongo et al. 2017a, 2017b). Remarks Significant morphological differences between B. asylos comb. nov., P. mambilorum and P. sachsi were found in the G1, G2 and mandible (Figures 7 (a – f) and 8(a – c,g – i)) that are used here to define Buea gen. nov. Other noteworthy characters of B. asylos comb. nov. include those of the chelipeds and carapace of that set it apart from the two species of Potamonemus: the cheliped merus lower medial margin has large jagged teeth (Figure 6 (a,b)) (vs small granules in Potamonemus, Figure 6 (c,f)), the cheliped carpus medial margin of B. asylos comb. nov. has a small but distinct pointed proximal tooth (Figure 5 (g)) (vs a small granule-sized tooth in Potamonemus, Figure 5 (h,i)), the cheliped dactylus is distinctly broadened (Figures 1 (b) and 5 (a)) (vs distinctly slim or arched in Potamonemus, Figure 5 (c,e)), and the carapace proportions of B. asylos comb. nov. are wider (CW/FW 3.35, vs 3.08 – 3.12), longer (CW/FW 2.32, vs 2.22 – 2.25), and higher (CW/FW 1.10, vs 0.96 – 1.07) than in Potamonemus. Conservation status The extinction risk status of B. asylos comb. nov. was assessed in 2008 using the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List protocols (Cumberlidge 2008a) as Data Deficient (DD) in view of the lack of information on its extent of occurrence (EOO), ecological requirements, population size, population trends and long-term threats (Cumberlidge 1993, 2011a, 2011b; Cumberlidge et al. 2009; IUCN 2012). The three locations available in this study give a recalculated EOO of 142 km 2, and an area of occupancy (AOO) of 12 km 2, using GeoCAT (http://geocat.kew.org; Bachman et al. 2011), but these are still probably underestimates given the paucity of the locality data (but if taken alone would point to a Red List threatened category). The extinction risk status of P. mambilorum (seven locations, EOO 43,291 km 2; Cumberlidge 2008b) and P. sachsi (four locations, EOO 24,219 km 2; Cumberlidge 2008c) were assessed in 2008 (Cumberlidge 2008b, 2008c) as Least Concern (LC) and Vulnerable (VU), respectively, (Cumberlidge 1993, 2011a, 2011b; Cumberlidge et al. 2009; IUCN 2012). Although the recalculations of the EOO and the AOO for these three species do not in themselves warrant a reassessment of their extinction risk, there is reason to believe that the threat status of these species may have intensified since the last assessment. For example, recent field work in the wetland ecosystems of the South-West and Littoral regions of Cameroon by the second author indicates that these habitats are being impacted by deforestation and by intensive agricultural practices that are severely altering the flow patterns of small streams and impacting the aquatic biodiversity (Mvogo Ndongo et al. 2017a, 2017b, 2017c, 2018). Awareness of these current threats to the habitats of B. asylos comb. nov., P. mambilorum and P. sachsi means that each of these taxa is likely to be reassigned to a more threatened category once new IUCN Red List extinction risk assessments have been carried out. There is a need for further field research specifically aimed at gathering the data needed for an extinction risk assessment of these littleknown endemic species from this understudied biodiversity hotspot.Published as part of Cumberlidge, Neil, Mvogo Ndongo, Pierre A., Clark, Paul F. & Daniels, Savel R., 2019, A new genus for the freshwater crab Potamonemus asylos Cumberlidgeı 1993 ı (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae) from Cameroonı Central Africaı with a key to the genera of the Potamonautinae, pp. 659-676 in Journal of Natural History 53 (11) on pages 665-666, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2019.1583390, http://zenodo.org/record/367549
NOVELA GUINEANA ESCRITA EN ESPAÑOL: "LAS TINIEBLAS DE TU MEMORIA NEGRA" DE DONATO NDONGO-BIDYOGO.
No full textHablar de Donato Ndongo supone referirse al máximo exponente de las letras guineoecuatorianas. Exiliado en España desde la independencia de su país a causa de la de defensa de las libertades y por la tiranía impuesta por el dictador Teodoro Obiang. Nos encontramos ante un acérrimo investigador a la vez que difusor de la literatura guineoecuatoriana. Sus principales objetivos con la difusión de la literatura guineoecuatoriana son: integrar tanto cultural como literariamente a su país dentro de las naciones hispánicas, fortalecer la creación literaria así como animar a otros autores y, por último, hacer que la literatura de Guinea Ecuatorial tenga una identidad propia. En este Trabajo de Fin de Grado {TFG) se da una visión sobre el autor que nos ocupa así como de su producción literaria pero centrándonos en la obra de "Las Tinieblas de tu memoria negra" ya que es el objeto de nuestro estudio.To speak of Donato Ndongo supposes to refer to the maximum exponent of the letters guineoecuatorianas. Exiled in Spain since the independence of his country because of the defense of freedoms and the tyranny imposed by dictator Teodoro Obiang. We are faced with a staunch researcher as well as a diffuser of Guineo-Ecuadorian literature. lts main objectives with the diffusion of the GuineoEcuadorian literature are: to integrate as much cultural as literarily to his country within the Hispanic nations, to strengthen the literary creation as well as to animate to other authors and, finally, to make that the Literature of Equatorial Guinea has a own identity. In this Work of End of Degree (TFG) gives a vision on the author that occupies us as well as his literary production but focusing on the work of "Darkness of your black memory" as it is the object of our study
Intermedialidad, interdiscursividad y transculturalidad en Las tinieblas de tu memoria negra de Donato Ndongo-Bidyogo
No full textBetween the crossing and the mixing with the media, the novel becomes an indecisive, heterogeneous and hybrid body, belonging both to the novel genre and to the mediasphere. This article analyzes the writing of Las tinieblas de tu memoria negra by the Equatorial Guinean writer, historian and journalist Donato Ndongo-Bidyogo, in order to show that it is characterized by a baroque aesthetic from which intergeneric hybridization is interwoven. In the light of a narratological and intermedial approach, we have highlighted, on the one hand, the type of media genres and generic forms inserted in the intertext by the author and the modality of discourses that refers to the diegetic narrative segments. On the other hand, we have highlighted the effects, both negative and positive of transculturality on the “root identity” of the African cultural subject.Entre el cruce y la mezcla con los medios, la novela se convierte en un cuerpo indeciso, heterogéneo e híbrido, perteneciente tanto al género novelesco como a la mediasfera. Este artículo analiza la escritura de Las tinieblas de tu memoria negra del escritor, historiador y periodista guineoecuatoriano Donato Ndongo-Bidyogo, con el fin de mostrar que se caracteriza por una estética barroca a partir de la cual se entrelaza la hibridación intergenérica. A la luz de un enfoque narratológico e intermedial, hemos destacado, por un lado, el tipo de géneros mediáticos y genéricos insertados en el intertexto por el autor y la modalidad de discursos que remite a los segmentos narrativos diegéticos. Por otro lado, hemos resaltado los efectos, tanto negativos como positivos, de la transculturalidad en la “identidad raíz” del sujeto cultural africano.
La problemática de la literatura en español de Guinea Ecuatorial en las clases de ELE: el caso de Donato Ndongo
No full text(ES)El presente Trabajo de Fin de Máster, que parte de la premisa de la ausencia de literatura en las clases de
ELE y de la invisibilización da la cultura proveniente de Guinea Ecuatorial, incluida su literatura en lengua
española, analiza cuáles son los factores que hacen que se desatienda la temática de Guinea Ecuatorial en
las clases de ELE, así como las razones que propician la ausencia de reconocimiento de su literatura en el
ámbito literario hispano. Con ese fin, se han realizado encuestas a africanistas, a profesores de ELE y a
editoriales. Asimismo, se han seleccionado dos obras del autor guineoecuatoriano Donato Ndongo-Bidyogo:
Las tinieblas de tu memoria negra y Los poderes de la tempestad, por su alto valor histórico y cultural, con
las que se ha ideado una Unidad Didáctica para un nivel C1 según el MCER, en la que se han explotado las
novelas a nivel gramatical, léxico y cultural, con la finalidad de ofrecer a los profesores una herramienta
para tratar la temática de Guinea Ecuatorial en las aulas(EN)This Master's Thesis, on the assumption of the absence of literature in Spanish as a Foreign Language class,
henceforth ELE, and the invisibility of the culture from Equatorial Guinea, including its literature in the
Spanish language, analyses the factors that lead to the topic of Equatorial Guinea being neglected in ELE
classes, as well as the reasons behind the lack of recognition of its literature in the Hispanic literary field. To
this end, surveys have been carried out with Africanists, ELE teachers and publishers. Two works by the
Guinean-Ecuadorian author Donato Ndongo-Bidyogo have been selected: Las tinieblas de tu memoria negra
- Shadows of Your Black Memory-, and Los poderes de la tempestad-The Powers of the Tempest. A Didactic
Unit has been devised for a C1 level according to the Common European Framework of Reference for
Languages, where these novels have been exploited at a grammatical, lexical and cultural level, to offer
teachers a tool to deal with the subject of Equatorial Guinea in the
Marriage and Migration: How Nuptial Traditions Shape the Migratory Experience
No full textThis paper will explore the complex nature of the migratory experience of Africans to Spain by focusing on two texts written by the Equatorial Guinean author Donato Ndongo- Bidyogo. The fundamental question Ndongo-Bidyogo addresses is why so many young Africans try to immigrate to Europe, a place where they are considered outsiders. While in 1965, at the age of fifteen, Ndongo-Bidyogo migrated from Equatorial Guinea to Spain to continue his studies, many young Africans of today‟s generation are fleeing for a variety of reasons. Instead of settling on simple economic factors to explain migration, the short story “El sueño” and the novel El metro focus on the cultural traditions and social pressures that contribute to the phenomenon. In this paper, I will argue the constant movement of so many Africans out of their homelands subverts their accepted understanding of the traditional world as a place of an ideal past. The traditional worldview must be redefined and repositioned alongside the modern paradigm in order to reflect the global and interconnected world system. Until this occurs, young Africans like those depicted in the texts, will continue to feel constrained and tempted to head elsewhere for better opportunities. 
Revisiting the foreign debt problem and the "external constraint" in the periphery: An MMT perspective
No full textMost debates and policy proposals about Global South countries' external debt problem take for granted the view that it is normal for their governments to issue debts denominated in foreign currencies. This paper tries to challenge this widely held and usually unquestioned assumption by relying on Modern Money Theory (MMT) insights. The author argues that the MMT lens helps us understand the root causes of the foreign debt problem of Southern countries, those located in Africa in particular, to clarify the ordinarily mis-specified concept of "external constraint" or "balance-of-payments constraint" and to envisage progressive domestic policy measures that are under their control
Association between metabolic health status and chronic kidney disease in the population of the northern region of Senegal: a cross-sectional study
No full textAbstract Introduction Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem worldwide. Data have shown the deleterious effects of metabolic abnormalities such as diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia on the occurrence of CKD. Obesity also contributes to this deterioration of kidney function. The objective of this study was to examine the proportion CKD and its associated risk factors within the different categories of metabolic health status. Patients and methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in the general population of three northern regions in Senegal using a two-level cluster sampling method. The sample was constituted with a precision of 5%, a power of 80% and a 10% attrition margin. Individuals aged 18–80 years were included in the study after giving their consent. Pregnant women, hospitalized persons within the past three months, patients with general or urinary symptoms within the past seven days and individuals undergoing kidney replacement therapy were excluded. Clinical and biological data were collected at participants’ homes by investigators using a modified version of the world health organization (WHO)’s STEPwise questionnaire. Results A total of 2439 participants were included in the study with a mean age of 45.4 ± 16.0 years and a sex ratio M: F of 2:5. Overall proportion of Metabolically Healthy No Obesity (MH-NO), Metabolically Unhealthy No Obesity (MU-NO), Metabolically Healthy Obesity (MH-O) and Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity (MU-O) were 79.9%, 9.1%, 10.5% and 8.4% respectively. Four hundred and thirty-five participants (17.8%) had CKD. Prevalence rates of CKD were higher among metabolically unhealthy phenotype participants regardless their body mass index (BMI), 27.0% in MU-NO and 27.8% in MU-O. In metabolically healthy participants those with obesity had a higher proportion of CKD (20.2%) compared to those without obesity (15.2%). In univariate analysis, MH-O and MU-O were significantly associated with CKD. In multivariate adjusted analysis, the odds of having CKD were higher in MU-O (OR: 2.15; 95% CI: 1.53, 2.98) and MU-NO (OR: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.49, 2.84) in the crude model. However, the association was not significative after adjustment for potential confounders. Conclusion Unhealthy metabolic phenotype and obesity were common in this cohort and were associated with a significant high prevalence of CKD compared to healthy participants. That prevalence appears to be even higher in individuals with both metabolically unhealthy phenotype and obesity
Religion, Capital social et réduction de la pauvreté au Cameroun: Le cas de la ville de Yaoundé
No full textThis paper inscribes itself in the logic of debates on the policies of poverty reduction which have been taking place for a decade now. The author evaluates the influence of social religious capital on the poverty of households in Cameroon and particularly in Yaounde. First he identifies the determinants of religious social capital on the basis of a composite indicator, obtained by taking into account the percentage of heads of families who respond affirmatively to the question: "Can you count on the financial support of your religious community, that is of its leaders or other members, in the form of a loan and/or a gift, in the case of illness, of the death of a family member, of a job loss or when you experience short-term financial difficulties ?" The performed estimations allow us to reach the conclusion that the answer to this question depends on the head of family's level of education, on the frequency of his/her perusal of the sacred book (the Bible or the Koran), on the frequency of his/her participation in meetings of his/her religious community and on the existence or the non-existence of a formal and/or informal system of support on which the head of family can count in unexpected situations. Afterwards the author makes use of three different models to estimate three indicators - of monetary poverty, of poverty of living conditions and of poverty of potentialities - on the basis of socioeconomic determinants and of religious variables which allow one to explain the level of resources of the religious social capital. The obtained results prove that these religious variables influence the poverty of households in Yaounde
Towards the emancipation of the regime for the execution of sentences pronounced by international criminal jurisdictions. The development of an international law on the execution of sentences
No full textL’exécution des peines prononcées par les juridictions pénales internationales est assumée par les États volontaires. Devant les TPI, la CPI et les juridictions hybrides, le principe est celui de l’application du droit national sous le contrôle du juge international. L’État accepte d'assumer cette exécution dans le respect de ses obligations internationales. Dès lors, l’exécution des peines est le terrain de la confrontation du droit international pénal avec les ordres juridiques nationaux. La présente thèse s’attache au processus de construction d’un droit international de l’exécution des peines prononcées par les juridictions pénales internationales. Ce régime juridique original en devenir articule le droit international pénal aux droits pénaux internes selon une logique qui sauvegarde la souveraineté de l’État d’exécution sans affecter défavorablement l’applicabilité du droit international pénal. Alors qu’en principe le droit international est supérieur au droit interne, on doit admettre ici que les règles du droit pénal interne prennent l’avantage sur le droit international pénal parce que le droit international pénal n’est pas au service d’un ordre public étranger à celui au service duquel les droits nationaux sont aménagés. Raison pour laquelle l’auteur propose d’assortir le régime de l’exécution des peines prononcées par la CPI d’une dimension de justice transitionnelle. L’épanouissement d’un droit international de l’exécution des peines est conditionné par l’hospitalité des règles du droit international pénal à l’égard de celles des droits internes.Voluntary States are responsible for the enforcement of the sentences pronounced by international criminal jurisdictions. Before the ICTs, the ICC and hybrid jurisdictions, the principle is that of the application of national law under the control of the international judge. The State agrees to assume this execution in compliance with its international obligations. Therefore, the execution of sentences is the field of confrontation of international criminal law with national legal orders. This thesis focuses on the process of constructing an international law for the enforcement of sentences pronounced by international criminal courts. This original legal regime in the making articulates international criminal law with domestic criminal, safeguarding the sovereignty of the enforcement State without adversely affecting the applicability of international criminal law. While in principle international law is superior to internal law, the rules of internal criminal law take precedence over international criminal law. This is because international criminal law is not at the service of a public order foreign to that for which national rights are arranged. This is why the author proposes to add a dimension of transitional justice to the regime for the execution of sentences pronounced by the ICC. The development of an international law on the execution of sentences is conditioned by the hospitality of the rules of international criminal law with regard to those of domestic law
