Centro Universitario Mendoza, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras: Open Journal Systems FFYL
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¿Qué hay de humano en el siglo XXI? Entre el posthumanismo, el transhumanismo y los nuevos humanismos
Full text linkThis article proposes to open a discussion within the disciplinary debates of Philosophical Anthropology regarding humanism, posthumanism, and transhumanism. It outlines the fundamental tenets of posthumanism in relation to the Anthropocene, develops key points of transhumanism, and delineates critical perspectives. We contend that although transhumanism aims to surpass the human—particularly regarding materiality—it maintains the modern body-soul duality that it sought, in some way, to transcend or overcome. Drawing on contributions from authors across various theoretical lines, such as Rosi Braidotti, Eric Sadin, and Miguel Benasayag, among others, we address these issues from a perspective situated in the Global South.El presente artículo propone abrir una discusión al interior de los debates disciplinares de la Antropología Filosófica respecto del humanismo, el posthumanismo y el transhumanismo. Se plantean las líneas fundamentales del posthumanismo en relación con el antropoceno, se desarrollan algunos puntos centrales del transhumanismo y se delinean posiciones críticas. Sostenemos que aunque el transhumanismo pretende una superación del humano, particularmente en lo que respecta a la materialidad, mantiene la dualidad moderna cuerpo-alma que buscaba de algún modo trascender o superar. A partir de aportes de autores de distintas líneas teóricas como Rosi Braidotti, Eric Sadin y Miguel Benasayag entre otros, abordamos las problemáticas señaladas desde una mirada situada desde el Sur
La condición humana en el Antropoceno: disputas epistémicas y tensiones conceptuales
Full text linkThe article examines how the concept of the Anthropocene reshapes the foundational assumptions of philosophical anthropology, particularly the duality between nature and culture, and between necessity and freedom. It analyses the epistemological and political consequences of recognising humanity as a geobiological force. Within this framework, two major approaches are explored: one that preserves the homo/anthropos distinction to differentiate power from impact, maintaining the modern dual structure and its articulation with the concept of the technosphere; and another, inspired by pluriversal and materialist perspectives, that challenges the nature/culture dichotomy and introduces the concept of Gaia (Latour and Lenton) as an alternative to the Earth System model, emphasising the historicity, contingency, and heterogeneity of the relationships between the living and the non-living.El artículo analiza cómo el concepto de Antropoceno reconfigura los supuestos fundacionales de la Antropología Filosófica, especialmente la dualidad entre naturaleza y cultura, necesidad y libertad. Se examinan las consecuencias epistemológicas y políticas de reconocer a la humanidad como fuerza geobiológica, retomando la clasificación de Podušelová. A partir de este marco, se exploran dos grandes enfoques: uno que conserva la distinción homo/antropos para diferenciar poder e impacto, preservando la estructura dual moderna y su articulación con el concepto de tecnoesfera; y otro que, inspirado en perspectivas pluriversales y materialistas, cuestiona la dicotomía naturaleza/cultura y propone el concepto de Gaia (Latour y Lenton) como alternativa al modelo de Sistema Tierra, enfatizando la historicidad, contingencia y heterogeneidad de las relaciones entre lo viviente y lo no viviente
Yield and Development of Winter and Spring Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) at Different Sowing Dates in Temperate Environments
Full text linkOptimal sowing dates should match the crop-critical period with favorable conditions. In rapeseed, growth stages change among spring and winter cultivars. This study characterized changes in rapeseed phenology with varying sowing dates to determine critical periods in both winter and spring cultivars. The trial took place in Balcarce, Argentina, where a winter-type variety and a spring-type were sown on eight different dates in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Phenology was monitored weekly, and yield was evaluated at the end of the season. Changes in sowing dates and cultivars led to variations in the timing of critical periods. Considering the experimental conditions, the optimal sowing window was between April and July for sowing either rapeseed cultivar. However, the winter variety did not bloom for sowing dates after July, while the spring variety showed yield reductions due to frosts for sowing dates before the end of April. Changes in sowing date resulted in differences in timing and duration of vegetative and reproductive stages, generally leading to shorter crop cycles. However, in late sowing, winter cultivars lengthened their life cycle to the point of not reaching flowering during the growing season.
Highlights:
Adjustments in sowing dates and cultivar types changed the timing and duration of vegetative and reproductive stages.
Late sowing extended winter cultivar cycles, occasionally preventing flowering within the season.
Winter cultivars failed to flower after July sowing, while spring cultivars faced yield reductions from frosts in early sowing.Optimal sowing dates should match the crop-critical period with favorable conditions. In rapeseed, growth stages change among spring and winter cultivars. This study characterized changes in rapeseed phenology with varying sowing dates to determine critical periods in both winter and spring cultivars. The trial took place in Balcarce, Argentina, where a winter-type variety and a spring-type were sown on eight different dates in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Phenology was monitored weekly, and yield was evaluated at the end of the season. Changes in sowing dates and cultivars led to variations in the timing of critical periods. Considering the experimental conditions, the optimal sowing window was between April and July for sowing either rapeseed cultivar. However, the winter variety did not bloom for sowing dates after July, while the spring variety showed yield reductions due to frosts for sowing dates before the end of April. Changes in sowing date resulted in differences in timing and duration of vegetative and reproductive stages, generally leading to shorter crop cycles. However, in late sowing, winter cultivars lengthened their life cycle to the point of not reaching flowering during the growing season.
Highlights:
Adjustments in sowing dates and cultivar types changed the timing and duration of vegetative and reproductive stages.
Late sowing extended winter cultivar cycles, occasionally preventing flowering within the season.
Winter cultivars failed to flower after July sowing, while spring cultivars faced yield reductions from frosts in early sowing
Reinterpretación del canon literario brasileño en Lição de anatomia de Enéias Tavares: una lectura de base transtextual
Full text linkThe writer Enéias Tavares has a literary project titled "Braziliana Steampunk," in which he seeks to reinterpret classics of Brazilian literature from a decolonial and subversive perspective. The novel Lição de Anatomia (2022) belongs to this creative setting and features a series of characters drawn from the Brazilian literary canon, such as works by Machado de Assis, Aluísio Azevedo, and Lima Barreto. These characters now live in a steampunk environment, which demands a new personality and new ways of acting in the face of the situations they experience. The relationships established by Tavares between the canon and the modern are characterized, based on Genette (1989), as transtextual, since the rewriting dialogues with the original text but also updates it and brings it to new potential. Thus, in this work, we aim to highlight the transtextual operations present in Lição de Anatomia by recognizing the linguistic, literary, and cultural markers that the work presents at its various levels of analysis. Additionally, we discuss the concept of the literary canon, based on Candido (2000) and Bloom (2013), and the importance of works like Tavares's that approach it from a reinterpretative perspective. In this way, we hope to contribute to debates about contemporary literature and its relationships with classical works.El escritor Enéias Tavares posee un proyecto literario titulado “Brasiliana Steampunk” en el cual busca reinterpretar clásicos de la literatura brasileña a partir de una perspectiva decolonial y subversiva. La novela Lição de anatomia (2022) pertenece a ese escenario creativo y presenta una serie de personajes extraídos del canon literario de Brasil, como las obras de Machado de Assis, Aluísio Azevedo y Lima Barreto. Dichos personajes ahora viven en medio de una realidad steampunk, lo que les exige una nueva personalidad y nuevas maneras de actuar delante de las situaciones que vivencian. Estas relaciones establecidas por Tavares entre el canon y lo moderno son caracterizadas, con base en Genette (1989), como transtextuales, dado que la reescritura dialoga con el texto original, pero también lo actualiza y lo lleva a nuevas potencias. Así, proponemos en este trabajo destacar las operaciones transtextuales presentes en Lição de anatomia, al reconocer las marcas lingüísticas, literarias y culturales que la obra presenta en sus más diversos niveles de análisis. Además, discutimos el concepto de canon literario, con base en Candido (2000) y Bloom (2013) y la importancia de obras, como la de Tavares, que lo discuten desde una mirada reinterpretativa. De este modo, esperamos contribuir a los debates acerca de la literatura contemporánea y de sus relaciones con las obras clásicas
Los cuentos tradicionales como clave de acceso al pasado violento en Perú: Cuentos heridos de José Carlos Agüero
Full text linkThis study examines how José Carlos Agüero’s anthology, Cuentos heridos (2017), reconfigures motifs from traditional children’s fairy tales to interrogate Peru’s violent past during the armed conflict (1980–2000) and in the postwar period. The analysis focuses on narratives that subvert canonical tales—such as those by Charles Perrault and the Brothers Grimm—by proposing childlike aesthetics grounded in cruelty, vengeance, and sacrifice. Based on Rancière’s (2011) notion of the distribution of the sensible and concept of zoopoetics (Derrida, 2008), the study explores the symbolic connections between animals and metaphors of trauma and pain in the post-conflict context. Agüero’s rewritings operate as memory devices that both denounce and erode hegemonic representations of the past.Este trabajo analiza de qué modo la antología Cuentos heridos (2017) de José Carlos Agüero reconvierte los motivos de los cuentos tradicionales infantiles para explorar el pasado violento del Perú durante el conflicto armado (1980-2000) y en el posconflicto. Se analizan los relatos que subvierten los cuentos clásicos, por ejemplo, los de Charles Perrault y los Hermanos Grimm, para proponer estéticas infantiles concebidas desde la crueldad, la venganza y el sacrificio. Para ello, partimos de la noción de distribución de lo sensible de Rancière (2011) y el concepto de zoopoética de Derrida (2008) para mostrar los vínculos entre los animales y las metáforas del trauma y del dolor durante el posconflicto. La reescritura de Agüero funciona como dispositivo de memoria que denuncia mientras corroe las vistas del pasado consideradas hegemónicas
Farmers’ Fertilizer Use Behaviour: Evidence from Western Part of Türkiye
Full text linkFertilizer use has been important for decades. Recent records show significant increases in their usage. Excessive and unconscious applications threaten human and environmental health and cause economic losses. This study aims to identify farmers’ fertilizer use behaviour in Izmir province. In 2016, survey data were collected using a structured questionnaire concerning farmers’ views and attitudes regarding fertilizer use. Seven factors were identified, explaining 80.34% of total variability, determining farmers’ behaviour in the study area by cluster analysis. Farmers in the region were classified into four groups. The largest group, “environment and health-oriented”, comprised 38.8% of the farmers. We concluded that farmers consider environmental sensitivity regarding fertilizer applications; however, environmental awareness should be further developed.
Highlights:
Seven key factors explaining 80.3 % of the variability in farmers’ fertilizer use behaviour were identified through factor analysis.
Cluster analysis classified farmers into four groups: unconscious, support-oriented, environment & health-oriented, and return-oriented.
The largest group (38.8 %) showed strong environmental and health awareness regarding fertilizer use.
Economic incentives and expectations of crop price or fertilizer price changes significantly influenced fertilizer use decisions.
Results highlight the need for extension services and policy measures to raise environmental awareness and promote sustainable fertilizer management.Fertilizer use has been important for decades. Recent records show significant increases in their usage. Excessive and unconscious applications threaten human and environmental health and cause economic losses. This study aims to identify farmers’ fertilizer use behaviour in Izmir province. In 2016, survey data were collected using a structured questionnaire concerning farmers’ views and attitudes regarding fertilizer use. Seven factors were identified, explaining 80.34% of total variability, determining farmers’ behaviour in the study area by cluster analysis. Farmers in the region were classified into four groups. The largest group, “environment and health-oriented”, comprised 38.8% of the farmers. We concluded that farmers consider environmental sensitivity regarding fertilizer applications; however, environmental awareness should be further developed.
Highlights:
Seven key factors explaining 80.3 % of the variability in farmers’ fertilizer use behaviour were identified through factor analysis.
Cluster analysis classified farmers into four groups: unconscious, support-oriented, environment & health-oriented, and return-oriented.
The largest group (38.8 %) showed strong environmental and health awareness regarding fertilizer use.
Economic incentives and expectations of crop price or fertilizer price changes significantly influenced fertilizer use decisions.
Results highlight the need for extension services and policy measures to raise environmental awareness and promote sustainable fertilizer management
Mortality of the Toad Grasshopper (Bufonacris claraziana Saussure) Caused by Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vullemin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) by Two Inoculation Methods under Field-Cage Conditions
Full text linkBufonacris claraziana Saussure (Orthoptera: Tristiridae) is a pest grasshopper species in Patagonia, Argentina. Outbreaks of B. claraziana have gained frequency in recent years. This study compared three infection methods (spraying and baits) on B. claraziana mortality caused by Beauveria bassiana under field-cage conditions in the natural habitat. The study was conducted in Cushamen, a typical outbreak area in Chubut province. Three treatments were tested: Treatment I involved spraying with a fungal suspension (1×108 conidia/ml), treatment II used wheat bran baits with the same suspension, and treatment III used wheat bran baits with added canola oil as a phagostimulant. Mortality rates were monitored every 24 hours for 15 days. Total mortality differed among the treatments (F: 17.58; p: 0.0007). After 15 days, mortality was 60%, 70%, and 100% for treatments I, II, and III, respectively. No mortality was observed in treatments I and II until day 5, while treatment III showed 36.7% mortality by day 5 and reached 100% by day 10. Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated significant differences in survival among treatments, with the lowest survival in treatment III (log-rank test p<0.05). Wheat bran bait with canola oil (treatment III) was the most effective inoculation.
Highlights:
This is the first study comparing two infection methods of Beauveria bassiana against Bufonacris claraziana under field-cage conditions.
Total mortality reached 60%, 70%, and 100% for spray, bait, and bait + canola oil treatments, respectively.
Survival analysis revealed significantly lower survival in the bait + canola oil treatment.
Wheat bran baits with canola oil enhanced fungal efficacy by protecting conidia and stimulating nymph feeding, being the most effective treatment in this study.
Results confirm B. bassiana as a promising biocontrol agent for managing B. claraziana outbreaks in Patagonia.Bufonacris claraziana Saussure (Orthoptera: Tristiridae) is a pest grasshopper species in Patagonia, Argentina. Outbreaks of B. claraziana have gained frequency in recent years. This study compared three infection methods (spraying and baits) on B. claraziana mortality caused by Beauveria bassiana under field-cage conditions in the natural habitat. The study was conducted in Cushamen, a typical outbreak area in Chubut province. Three treatments were tested: Treatment I involved spraying with a fungal suspension (1×108 conidia/ml), treatment II used wheat bran baits with the same suspension, and treatment III used wheat bran baits with added canola oil as a phagostimulant. Mortality rates were monitored every 24 hours for 15 days. Total mortality differed among the treatments (F: 17.58; p: 0.0007). After 15 days, mortality was 60%, 70%, and 100% for treatments I, II, and III, respectively. No mortality was observed in treatments I and II until day 5, while treatment III showed 36.7% mortality by day 5 and reached 100% by day 10. Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated significant differences in survival among treatments, with the lowest survival in treatment III (log-rank test p<0.05). Wheat bran bait with canola oil (treatment III) was the most effective inoculation.
Highlights:
This is the first study comparing two infection methods of Beauveria bassiana against Bufonacris claraziana under field-cage conditions.
Total mortality reached 60%, 70%, and 100% for spray, bait, and bait + canola oil treatments, respectively.
Survival analysis revealed significantly lower survival in the bait + canola oil treatment.
Wheat bran baits with canola oil enhanced fungal efficacy by protecting conidia and stimulating nymph feeding, being the most effective treatment in this study.
Results confirm B. bassiana as a promising biocontrol agent for managing B. claraziana outbreaks in Patagonia
Epiphytic Microorganisms Associated with Banana Phyllosphere with Potential Antagonism to Black Sigatoka (Pseudocercospora fijiensis) in Los Ríos, Ecuador
Full text linkBlack Sigatoka (Pseudocercospora fijiensis) is the most important leaf spot disease of bananas worldwide, particularly affecting Cavendish banana, the most exported variety. Additionally, this pathogen has developed resistance to some effective fungicides, making its management increasingly difficult. Epiphytic microorganisms with potential antagonism to P. fijiensis were identified in conventional banana farms in the province of Los Ríos. Sampling areas were determined through zoning processes and selecting the cantons of Mocache, Valencia, Baba and Pueblo Viejo. Leaf tissue samples were collected from three farms per zone. Microorganisms were isolated and morphologically and molecularly characterised in nine farms in the cantons of Valencia (63 bacteria), Baba (39 bacteria), Pueblo Viejo (8 bacteria) and 8 genera of fungi including 15 species. The isolated bacteria presented macroscopic and microscopic characteristics with different shapes, elevations, edges, consistencies and pigmentations. Taxonomically, they belonged to the genera Bacillus and Cocos, 81% Gram-negative and 19% Gram-positive. The analysis conducted for sampling-site selection allowed the identification of different microbial behaviours.
Highlights:
Biological control offers a viable strategy to reduce reliance on agrochemicals in agricultural practices.
The isolation and characterization of microorganisms are essential for researching and developing biological solutions applicable to banana cultivation.
The data obtained provide crucial insights for formulating and developing bioinoculants.Black Sigatoka (Pseudocercospora fijiensis) is the most important leaf spot disease of bananas worldwide, particularly affecting Cavendish banana, the most exported variety. Additionally, this pathogen has developed resistance to some effective fungicides, making its management increasingly difficult. Epiphytic microorganisms with potential antagonism to P. fijiensis were identified in conventional banana farms in the province of Los Ríos. Sampling areas were determined through zoning processes and selecting the cantons of Mocache, Valencia, Baba and Pueblo Viejo. Leaf tissue samples were collected from three farms per zone. Microorganisms were isolated and morphologically and molecularly characterised in nine farms in the cantons of Valencia (63 bacteria), Baba (39 bacteria), Pueblo Viejo (8 bacteria) and 8 genera of fungi including 15 species. The isolated bacteria presented macroscopic and microscopic characteristics with different shapes, elevations, edges, consistencies and pigmentations. Taxonomically, they belonged to the genera Bacillus and Cocos, 81% Gram-negative and 19% Gram-positive. The analysis conducted for sampling-site selection allowed the identification of different microbial behaviours.
Highlights:
Biological control offers a viable strategy to reduce reliance on agrochemicals in agricultural practices.
The isolation and characterization of microorganisms are essential for researching and developing biological solutions applicable to banana cultivation.
The data obtained provide crucial insights for formulating and developing bioinoculants
Kaùlza de Arriaga e Blas Piñar: Duas abordagens biográficas do fracasso da ultradireita ibérica transicional
Full text linkThis article explores the biographies of Kaúlza de Arriaga and Blas Piñar to illuminate the failure of the Iberian far-right during Portugal’s and Spain’s democratic transitions. It offers a comparative study of Kaúlza de Oliveira de Arriaga, founder of the Movimento de Intervenção e Renovação Nacional (MIRN), and Blas Piñar, leader of Spain’s Fuerza Nueva. While both embraced an anticommunist, Catholic, and imperialist ideology, their trajectories reveal key differences. Arriaga, a military engineer with colonial experience in Mozambique, developed a supremacist, geostrategic outlook. Piñar, rooted in a military and mercantile family, championed an assimilationist national-Catholicism marked by fiery rhetoric and vigorous youth mobilization. Neither succeeded in building a lasting political movement: MIRN dissolved in 1997, and Fuerza Nueva, after a fleeting parliamentary presence, disappeared by 1982. Drawing on archival and press materials, this study underscores how the personalism and caudillismo of both leaders, coupled with the incompatibility of their platforms with emerging democratic regimes, explain their political marginalization and the persistent “Iberian exception” in far-right parliamentary representation.El artículo analiza las trayectorias biográficas de los políticos Kaúlza de Arriaga y Blas Piñar para comprender el fracaso de la ultraderecha ibérica durante las transiciones democráticas de Portugal y España. Se realiza un análisis comparativo entre Kaúlza de Oliveira de Arriaga, fundador del Movimiento de Intervenção e Renovação Nacional (MIRN) y Blas Piñar, líder de Fuerza Nueva en España. Ambos compartían un ideario anticomunista, católico e imperialista. Sin embargo, mantuvieron ciertas diferencias. De Arriaga, formado en ingeniería militar y con experiencia en Mozambique, desarrolló una visión supremacista y geoestratégica. Por su parte, Piñar, proveniente de una familia con tradición militar y mercantil, cultivó un nacionalcatolicismo asimilacionista, caracterizado por una fuerte carga retórica y una activa movilización juvenil. Ninguno logró consolidar un proyecto político duradero. El MIRN se disolvió en 1997, mientras que Fuerza Nueva, tras un breve éxito parlamentario, desapareció en 1982. La investigación, basada en fuentes archivísticas y hemerográficas, subraya que el personalismo y caudillismo de ambos líderes, junto con la incompatibilidad de sus programas con los nuevos regímenes democráticos, explican su irrelevancia política y la prolongada “excepcionalidad ibérica” en la representación parlamentaria de la extrema derecha.O artigo analisa as trajetórias biográficas dos políticos Kaúlza de Arriaga e Blas Piñar para compreender o fracasso da ultradireita ibérica durante as transições democráticas de Portugal e Espanha. Realiza-se uma análise comparativa entre Kaúlza de Oliveira de Arriaga, fundador do Movimento de Intervenção e Renovação Nacional (MIRN), e Blas Piñar, líder da Fuerza Nueva na Espanha. Ambos compartilhavam um ideário anticomunista, católico e imperialista. No entanto, mantiveram certas diferenças. De Arriaga, formado em engenharia militar e com experiência em Moçambique, desenvolveu uma visão supremacista e geoestratégica. Por sua vez, Piñar, proveniente de uma família com tradição militar e mercantil, cultivou um nacionalcatolicismo assimilacionista, caracterizado por uma forte carga retórica e uma ativa mobilização juvenil. Nenhum dos dois conseguiu consolidar um projeto político duradouro. O MIRN dissolveu-se em 1997, enquanto a Fuerza Nueva, após um breve êxito parlamentar, desapareceu em 1982. A pesquisa, baseada em fontes arquivísticas e hemerográficas, sublinha que o personalismo e o caudilhismo de ambos os líderes, juntamente com a incompatibilidade de seus programas com os novos regimes democráticos, explicam sua irrelevância política e a prolongada “excepcionalidade ibérica” na representação parlamentar da extrema direita
Carne de Juguete y la espectración teatral: cuerpos y grotescos en la Guerra de Malvinas (1982)
Full text linkStudying the Malvinas War (April 2-June 14, 1982) involves approaching a problematic and relevant subject matter. It is problematic in that it is situated within a particular historical context, halfway between an anti-colonialist conflict and the civil-military dictatorship of the “Proceso de Reorganización Nacional” (National Reorganization Process). Because of this, as well as the fact that the processes of mourning and disputes over sovereignty have not been concluded, the Malvinas War is a relevant event in that it represents a living, active imaginary event that produces new interpretations and historical meanings. This article aims to examine theatrical representations of the War as a tool for the singular appropriation of the symbolic assets of a given culture. Gustavo Guirado’s play Carne de juguete (2015) will be taken as a model case for considering open interpretations, attentive to the work of the spectator as a co-creator of meaning.Estudiar la Guerra de Malvinas (2 de abril-14 de junio de 1982) implica aproximarse a un objeto de estudio problemático y relevante. Problemático en tanto se sitúa en unas coordenadas históricas particulares, a mitad de camino entre un conflicto anticolonialista y la dictadura cívico-militar del “Proceso de Reorganización Nacional”. Debido a esto, así como al hecho de no haber concluido los procesos de duelo y de disputa en torno a la soberanía, la Guerra de Malvinas se constituye en un hecho relevante, en tanto representa un suceso imaginario vivo, activo, que produce nuevas interpretaciones y sentidos históricos. El presente artículo pretende examinar las representaciones teatrales de la Guerra como herramienta de apropiación singular de los bienes simbólicos de una cultura dada. Se analiza la obra Carne de juguete (2015) de Gustavo Guirado como caso modelo para pensar lecturas abiertas, atentas a la labor del espectador como cocreador de sentido