716 research outputs found
Letter to the Editor on 'Baseline benzodiazepine exposure is associated with greater risk of transition in clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR-P): a meta-analysis'
Full text linkCellular and molecular signatures of in vivo imaging measures of GABAergic neurotransmission in the human brain
Full text linkDiverse GABAergic interneuron networks orchestrate information processing in the brain. Understanding the principles underlying the organisation of this system in the human brain, and whether these principles are reflected by available non-invasive in vivo neuroimaging methods, is crucial for the study of GABAergic neurotransmission. Here, we use human gene expression data and state-of-the-art imaging transcriptomics to uncover co-expression patterns between genes encoding GABAA receptor subunits and inhibitory interneuron subtype-specific markers, and their association with binding patterns of the gold-standard GABA PET radiotracers [11C]Ro15-4513 and [11C]flumazenil. We found that the inhibitory interneuron marker somatostatin covaries with GABAA receptor-subunit genes GABRA5 and GABRA2, and that their distribution followed [11C]Ro15-4513 binding. In contrast, the inhibitory interneuron marker parvalbumin covaried with GABAA receptor-subunit genes GABRA1, GABRB2 and GABRG2, and their distribution tracked [11C]flumazenil binding. Our findings indicate that existing PET radiotracers may provide complementary information about key components of the GABAergic system
Imaging the vulnerable brain. Functional and structural MRI in Psychosis Proneness.
Full text linkSymptoms of psychosis (e.g., hallucinations, unusual beliefs) do not only occur in people with a mental illness, like schizophrenia. There are healthy people in the general population who experience subclinical symptoms of psychosis, which are less severe and do not have clinical relevance. People with subclinical symptoms can be identified with questionnaires, which are used as an index of Psychosis Proneness (PP). Having a high score of PP represents a 10-fold increased risk to develop psychosis. Current views propose that there is etiological continuity between clinical and subclinical forms of psychosis. Neuroimaging studies have documented a number of abnormalities in brain function and structure of patients with schizophrenia. In the present thesis, functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to examine brain function and structure in a group of healthy students with high and low levels of PP. The main goal was to determine whether some of the features associated with clinically relevant psychosis are also associated with vulnerability for its development. The results suggested that high PP was associated with differences in brain activation, functional connectivity (the association between activity of different brain regions), and brain structure. The observed abnormalities were located in regions that have been previously involved in schizophrenia (predominantly the prefrontal cortex and the cingulate gyrus). The present findings support the notion of continuity between subclinical and clinical forms of psychosis. Future studies in these individuals with a longitudinal focus should illuminate whether the observed differences may have predictive value for transition to clinical psychosis.
Parsing neurobiological heterogeneity of the clinical high-risk state for psychosis: A pseudo-continuous arterial spin labelling study
Full text linkThe impact of the clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR-P) construct is dependent on accurately predicting outcomes. Individuals with brief limited intermittent psychotic symptoms (BLIPS) have higher risk of developing a first episode of psychosis (FEP) compared to individuals with attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS). Supplementing subgroup stratification with information from candidate biomarkers based on neurobiological parameters, such as resting-state, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), may help refine risk estimates. Based on previous evidence, we hypothesized that individuals with BLIPS would exhibit increased rCBF compared to APS in key regions linked to dopaminergic pathways. Data from four studies were combined using ComBat (to account for between-study differences) to analyse rCBF in 150 age- and sex-matched subjects ( = 30 healthy controls [HCs], = 80 APS, = 20 BLIPS and = 20 FEP). Global gray matter (GM) rCBF was examined in addition to region-of-interest (ROI) analyses in bilateral/left/right frontal cortex, hippocampus and striatum. Group differences were assessed using general linear models: (i) alone; (ii) with global GM rCBF as a covariate; (iii) with global GM rCBF and smoking status as covariates. Significance was set at 0.05). All results were robust to addition of covariates ( > 0.05). No significant clusters were identified in whole-brain voxel-wise analyses ( > 0.05 ). Weak-to-moderate evidence was found for an absence of rCBF differences between APS and BLIPS in Bayesian ROI analyses. On this evidence, APS and BLIPS are unlikely to be neurobiologically distinct. Due to this and the weak-to-moderate evidence for the null hypothesis, future research should investigate larger samples of APS and BLIPS through collaboration across large-scale international consortia. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2023 Oliver, Davies, Zelaya, Selvaggi, De Micheli, Catalan, Baldwin, Arribas, Modinos, Crossley, Allen, Egerton, Jauhar, Howes, McGuire and Fusar-Poli.
What does the word ‘Europe’ make you think of? Conceptualisations of Europe in a local context
No full textThe present article investigates the construction of the sense of belonging toward Europe in the public sphere, employing a case-study conducted in Italy. The author argues that different conceptualisations of Europe are related to diverse “uses” of the media, familiarity with international cultural resources and participation in the transnational public sphere and civil society. These variables affect the construction of Europeans' sense of belonging
Correction: Yagüe, P., et al. Goals and Challenges in Bacterial Phosphoproteomics. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 5678
No full textThe authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [1]:The author name “Gemma Fernánez-García” should be “Gemma Fernández-García” [...
Petrarca e Osberno di Gloucester
No full textSi presenta l'edizione commentata delle note autografe di Petrarca contenute nel Par. Lat. 7492, testimonianza della lettura e dell’utilizzo delle Derivationes di Osberno di Gloucester, altrimenti mai esplicitamente menzionate altrove da Petrarca (il titolo e l’autore rimasero a lungo ignoti). In esse Petrarca indica accordi e discordanze con le Derivationes di Uguccione da Pisa.It presents the annotated edition of Petrarch's autograph notes contained in Para Lat. 7492, evidence of reading and the use of Derivationes Osberno of Gloucester, otherwise never explicitly mentioned elsewhere by Petrarch (the title and the author remained unknown for a long time). In them Petrarca indicates agreements and disagreements with the Derivationes of Huguccio
Le opere storiche di Antonio Ivani da Sarzana
No full textSi forniscono alcune osservazioni e contributi al volume Antonio Ivani da Sarzana, 'Opere storiche' in cui sono pubblicate le principali opere storiche di questo illustre umanista, scrittore prolifico impegnato attivamente nella vita civile e politica del tempo. Interessanti spunti di riflessione offre la tradizione manoscritta, in particolare per la presenza di numerosi autografi rivisti dall’autore.We provide some comments and contributions to the volume Antonio Ivani from Sarzana, 'Historical works' which are published in major historical works of this illustrious humanist, prolific writer actively involved in civic and political life of the time. Offers interesting insights into the manuscript tradition, in particular the presence of numerous autographs revised by the author
R v Evans (Gemma) [2009] EWCA Crim 650, Court of Appeal
No full textEssential Cases: Criminal Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R v Evans (Gemma) [2009] EWCA Crim 650, Court of Appeal. The document also included supporting commentary from author Jonathan Herring.</p
What is the role of an interdisciplinary researcher?
No full text© The Author 2007; all rights reserved.James A Smith and Gemma E Care
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