34 research outputs found
"Mehrab" In the frame of form
No full textThis article aims to discuss the focus of the Russian Formalism on the literariness of the texts, and its attempt to identify the devices which distinguish a literary form from an ordinary one. It also clarifies the fact that the new American critics argued for organic unity in poetry, i.e. poetry is a paradox that the critic, without being influenced by or paying attention to the author's intention, should try to solve the ambiguities and puzzles internal to it, in order to accomplish the understanding of the meaing, and to achieve the organic unity. The author, considering both of the above- mentioned approaches, explores Sohrab Sepehri 's poem entitled "Mehrab"
Banglalink digital communications Limited- SWOT analysis & customer satisfaction of M-banking service users
No full textThis internship report is submitted in a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Business Administration,2014.Cataloged from PDF version of Internship report.Includes bibliographical references (page 47).Banglalink Digital Communications Limited is the second largest telecom brand in Bangladesh. The company started their journey with a vision to spread the mobile phone to all aspects of people.
The report covers a broad dimension of topics. At the beginning of the report the author finds out the history of the company in Bangladesh. Under this topic it reveals how they acquire ‘Sheba’ telecom in the starting, the customer base, employees, the management system etc.
The second part of the report covers the author’s job responsibilities at Banglalink in the period of Internship program. The functions are discussed elaborately so that anyone interested to go through the report could understand it easily.
The final part of the project aims to develop a SWOT analysis on the company. So that people could track down the real picture of the company. In other means it will also help the company to make strategies depending on the internal and external factors of influence.
Moreover, the project covers the customers’ satisfaction of Banglalink MFS users. Hereby, the author used extensive tele-survey research to find out the factors influencing customer satisfaction. The analysis and data interpretation is based on excel functions; where pie chart, bar chart etc. are used for better and ease understand.Nafis Mehrab-Al-IslamB. Business Administratio
Author response image 1. Author response
No full textAnimals can learn causal relationships between pairs of stimuli separated in time and this ability depends on the hippocampus. Such learning is believed to emerge from alterations in network connectivity, but large-scale connectivity is difficult to measure directly, especially during learning. Here, we show that area CA1 cells converge to time-locked firing sequences that bridge the two stimuli paired during training, and this phenomenon is coupled to a reorganization of network correlations. Using two-photon calcium imaging of mouse hippocampal neurons we find that co-time-tuned neurons exhibit enhanced spontaneous activity correlations that increase just prior to learning. While time-tuned cells are not spatially organized, spontaneously correlated cells do fall into distinct spatial clusters that change as a result of learning. We propose that the spatial re-organization of correlation clusters reflects global network connectivity changes that are responsible for the emergence of the sequentially-timed activity of cell-groups underlying the learned behavior. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01982.001
One engram two readouts: stimulus dynamics switch a learned behavior in Drosophila
No full textSummary Memory guides the choices an animal makes across widely varying conditions in dynamic environments. Consequently, the most adaptive choice depends on the options available. How can the same memory support optimal behavior across different sets of options? We address this using olfactory learning in Drosophila. Even when we restrict an odor-punishment association to a single set of synapses using optogenetics, we find that flies still show choice behavior that depends on the options it encounters. Here we show that how odors are presented to the animal influences memory recall itself. Presenting two similar odors in sequence enabled flies to not only discriminate them behaviorally but also at the level of neural activity. However, when the same odors were encountered as solitary stimuli, no such differences were detectable. These results show that memory recall is not simply a comparison between a stimulus and a learned template, but can be adaptively modulated by stimulus dynamics
Heterosynaptic Plasticity Underlies Aversive Olfactory Learning in Drosophila
No full textSummary Although associative learning has been localized to specific brain areas in many animals, identifying the underlying synaptic processes in vivo has been difficult. Here, we provide the first demonstration of long-term synaptic plasticity at the output site of the Drosophila mushroom body. Pairing an odor with activation of specific dopamine neurons induces both learning and odor-specific synaptic depression. The plasticity induction strictly depends on the temporal order of the two stimuli, replicating the logical requirement for associative learning. Furthermore, we reveal that dopamine action is confined to and distinct across different anatomical compartments of the mushroom body lobes. Finally, we find that overlap between sparse representations of different odors defines both stimulus specificity of the plasticity and generalizability of associative memories across odors. Thus, the plasticity we find here not only manifests important features of associative learning but also provides general insights into how a sparse sensory code is read out
Flexible specificity of memory in Drosophila depends on a comparison between choices
No full textInternational audienceMemory guides behavior across widely varying environments and must therefore be both sufficiently specific and general. A memory too specific will be useless in even a slightly different environment, while an overly general memory may lead to suboptimal choices. Animals successfully learn to both distinguish between very similar stimuli and generalize across cues. Rather than forming memories that strike a balance between specificity and generality, Drosophila can flexibly categorize a given stimulus into different groups depending on the options available. We asked how this flexibility manifests itself in the well-characterized learning and memory pathways of the fruit fly. We show that flexible categorization in neuronal activity as well as behavior depends on the order and identity of the perceived stimuli. Our results identify the neural correlates of flexible stimulus-categorization in the fruit fly
Effects of stochastic coding on olfactory discrimination in flies and mice.
No full textSparse coding can improve discrimination of sensory stimuli by reducing overlap between their representations. Two factors, however, can offset sparse coding's benefits: similar sensory stimuli have significant overlap and responses vary across trials. To elucidate the effects of these 2 factors, we analyzed odor responses in the fly and mouse olfactory regions implicated in learning and discrimination-the mushroom body (MB) and the piriform cortex (PCx). We found that neuronal responses fall along a continuum from extremely reliable across trials to extremely variable or stochastic. Computationally, we show that the observed variability arises from noise within central circuits rather than sensory noise. We propose this coding scheme to be advantageous for coarse- and fine-odor discrimination. More reliable cells enable quick discrimination between dissimilar odors. For similar odors, however, these cells overlap and do not provide distinguishing information. By contrast, more unreliable cells are decorrelated for similar odors, providing distinguishing information, though these benefits only accrue with extended training with more trials. Overall, we have uncovered a conserved, stochastic coding scheme in vertebrates and invertebrates, and we identify a candidate mechanism, based on variability in a winner-take-all (WTA) inhibitory circuit, that improves discrimination with training
