124 research outputs found
How perception of status differences affects our decision making
No full textAs human beings, we aspire higher to achieve greater security in our lives. We assess our standing in society in relative terms. Past studies have shown that our subjective social status relative to society can determine health consequences (Operario et al, 2004). Yet, we have a limited understanding of how to measure our subjective status and how that affects our decision making and behavior. Understanding these may reveal important information about how perception of status differences affects behavior. Therefore, the primary goal of this dissertation is to closely examine perception of status in order to evaluate its subsequent effect on decision making. Four studies were conducted to examine the relationship between status perceptions and decision making. In the first study, we established a laboratory manipulation of status, designed and validated appropriate questionnaires, and probed its effects on decision making via an economic game called the Ultimatum Game. In study 2, we examined how perception of status affected choice of an experimental status symbol. Both of these studies showed a negative relationship with decision making. In study 1, the low status subjects, who felt inferior to their partner, shared more with their high status partners. And in study 2, we observed that in certain contexts, the low status subjects, who felt inferior to their partner, chose the experimental status symbol more. However, in study 3, when we made the experimental situation riskier, subjects who perceived themselves to be inferior to their partner chose the status symbol less than their high status counterparts. In addition, low status subjects showed more affinity for risk at specific levels. In study 4, we examined if these effects were due to self-esteem and found no effect of self-esteem. Together, these studies showed that laboratory manipulations of status can capture psychological aspects of the status experience and may induce a compensatory tendency. These compensatory tendencies may vary depending on both status of the subject and riskiness of the situation. Studying status in a laboratory setting allows researchers to understand these behaviors more closely and speculate on how to best address status concerns for the betterment of society.Ph. D.Includes bibliographical referencesIncludes vitaby Swati Bhattachary
Analyzing Advancement in Crowdfunding Research and Envisioning its Future: A Bibliometric Approach
No full textPublished online 24 July 2023. Published in print 1 August 2023.Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings includes abstracts of all papers and symposia presented at the annual conference, plus 6-page abridged versions of the “Best Papers” accepted for inclusion in the program (approximately 10%). Papers published in the Proceedings are abridged because presenting papers at their full length could preclude subsequent journal publication. Please contact the author(s) directly for the full papers.Crowdfunding represents an emerging alternative means of marshaling resources which may prove to be a game-changer in the entrepreneurial finance landscape. Although the rapid growth in this field has yielded a multidisciplinary body of work, the scaffolding of this vast body of work is still largely unknown in the scholarly domain. We conduct a bibliometric analysis of 534 crowdfunding articles to uncover the intellectual landscape of crowdfunding research. Our comprehensive co-citation analysis reveals two generations of crowdfunding research, identifies the most researched themes in area, and highlights its theoretical and disciplinary anchors. In addition, our bibliographic cartography traces the shifts in areas of interest of scholars within the heterogeneous field. Overall, our critical analysis of the most influential conversations in crowdfunding research helps reveals gaps in the extant literature which act as fertile directions for its future inquiry
Biological and bio-inspired morphometry as a route to tunable and enhanced materials design
No full textThesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2016.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references.Structural materials in nature integrate classical materials selection rules with morphometry (geometry or shape-based rules) to create high-performance, multi-functional structures that exhibit tunable properties through extraordinary complexity, hierarchy, and precise structural control. This thesis explores the use of morphometry as a materials design parameter through the development of bio-inspired, flexible composite armor based on the articulated exoskeleton of an armored fish, Polypterus senegalus, which achieves uniform coverage and protection from predatory threats without restricting flexibility. First, the functional implications of shape and shape variation are examined as materials design parameters within the biological exoskeleton using a new method that integrates continuum strain analysis with landmark-based geometric morphometric analysis in 2D and 3D. Bioinspired flexible composite prototypes are fabricated using multi-material 3D printing and tested under passive loading (self-weight) and active loading (bending) to examine how the shape of scales contributes to local, interscale mobility mechanisms that generate anisotropic, global mechanical behavior. With one prototype design scheme, a wide array of mechanical behavior is generated with stiffness ranging over several orders of magnitude, including 'mechanical invisibility' of the scales, showing how morphometry can tune flexibility without varying the constituent materials. Finally, finite element models simulating the bending experiments are created to establish a computational framework for analyzing the mechanical response of the prototypes. The finite element models are then extended to examine the effect of different loading conditions, scale morphometry, multi-material architecture, and constituent material properties. The results show how morphometric-enabled materials design, inspired by structural biological materials, can allow for tunable behavior in flexible composites made of segmented scale assemblies to achieve enhanced user mobility, custom fit, and flexibility around joints for a variety of protective applications.by Swati Varshney.Ph. D
‘Diminishing Inequalities Is The Key To Robust Human Development’
No full textIn highly unequal regions, redistribution of opportunities and resources are essential for human development advances, author Swati Narayan says in this intervie
Pharmacological interventions for patients experiencing acute post-operative pain
No full textWhat is pain? It is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. What are goals for postoperative pain management?To increase a patients quality of life, to facilitate a full and healthy recovery, to decrease the risk for complications (Impaired mobility -
pneumonia, pressure ulcers, DVT), to allow for early discharge from the hospital. Conclusion: by using a combination of pharmacological interventions we can more accurately provide pain management to patients by addressing multiple types of pain at once. By performing a thorough pain assessment and using our clinical judgement to determine what pharmacological interventions are necessary, we can move closer to achieving our postoperative pain management goals.Not peer reviewedStudent Research Day Poster (2017
Development of Topical Polyherbal Emulgel and Evaluation of Its Antimicrobial and Antiinflammatory Activities
No full textIn the current investigation, three medicinal plants Aloe barbadensis miller, Syzygiumaromaticum, and Eucalyptus globules that have a substantial ability to reduce inflammation were chosen to be formulated into a polyherbal Emulgel. Polyherbal Emulgel formulations were tested for their pH, appearance and homogeneity, viscosity, spreadability, and skin irritation tests. The Aloe barbadensis miller, Syzygiumaromaticum, and Eucalyptus globules oil used to make the polyherbal Emulgel were the ingredients utilized to create the new formulations. To test the compound\u27s anti-inflammatory capabilities, it was administered to rats with carrageenan or formalin to cause paw edema. It was discovered that both individual and polyherbal gels of Aloe barbadensis miller, Syzygiumaromaticum, and Eucalyptus globules have an anti-inflammatory effect in both acute and chronic settings. When compared to separate gels, Polyherbal Emulgel demonstrated a synergistic effect, which indicates that it may be beneficial for the treatment of local inflammation
Formulation, Development and Evaluation of Aloe Vera Contain Polyherbal Emulgel for Topical Drug Delivery System
No full textThe administration of medications to any part of the body through the skin, the vaginal channel, the ocular route, or the rectal route is referred to as topical drug delivery. It is possible for drugs to be administered either locally or systemically. It is possible to design topical formulations with varied physicochemical qualities, such as those having a solid, semisolid, or liquid consistency. The preparation of a drug emulsion and its incorporation into an emulgel are the two steps involved in the production of the topical system. Emulgel is a formulation that is both thermodynamically stable and has low interfacial tension. It has many desirable properties, such as high thermodynamic stability and improved permeability, and is made by combining a surfactant with a co-surfactant. Emulgel has a continuous and dual-controlled release pattern. With emulgel, the medicine is more bioavailable and the patient is more likely to take it as prescribed. To find out how the formulation turns out, we put it through its paces in terms of viscosity, particle size, zeta potential, medicine content, stability, and skin irritant rating, among other things
DBLP Records and Entries for Key Computer Science Conferences
No full textThe dataset ”DBLP-CSR.zip” is derived from September 17, 2015 snapshot of dblp bibliography database. It contains the last 16 years (2000 − 2015) of publications records of 81 Computer Science Research conferences used for a study conducted in our paper Women in Computer Science Research- What is Bibliography Data Telling Us? published in ACM SIGCAS Computers and Society Newsletter, Volume 46, Issue 1, February 2016. Link to the Newsletter Archive: http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J198The dataset contains 7 .sql files and a README file providing the description of dataset and attributes. The seven .sql files are primarily named as affiliation_coord.sql, affiliation.sql, author_gender.sql, authors.sql, editor_gender.sql, editor.sql and main.sql.The affiliation_coord.sql, affiliation.sql, authors.sql, editor.sql files create the tables with same name. While main.sql, editor_gender.sql and author_gender.sql create tables with the names general, genedit and genauth old respectively.Followings are the list and description of all attributes used in the dataset. Same attributes used in different tables are listed only once.1. Table- generalk- unique id of each article- primary key in the table.year- the year of publicationconf- abbreviation for conference name (HT for ACM HyperText)crossref- cross reference link to all articles published in a conference in a yearcs, de, se, th- a binary attribute denoting if a conference belongs to these domains (Computer Science, Data Engineering, Software Engineering, Theory)publisher- Name of the conference publisherlink- unique DOI link to the article that re-directs to conference publisher page.2. Table- authorspos- position of author in the paper. 0 denotes first authorname- unique name of author in dblp datasetgender- gender of authors. Hyphen (-) denotes that gender was not determined. Please refer to the paper for more details.prob- probability of a name to be M, F, -.3. Table- editorsk- foreign key for crossref attribute in general tablepos- position of editor in conference. 0 denotes the first editor.4. Table- genauth_old and genedit contain the records of gender information of authors and editors- derived from authors and editors tables.5. Table- affiliation affil- affiliation record of each author publishing in the 81 conferences mentioned above.year- year of publication6. Table- affiliation_coordcountry- country of the author extracted from affiliationcountry_code- code to be used for mapslat, lng- latitude and longitude information of affiliation
DBLP Publications Records and ACM Metadata for SIGWEB Conferences
No full textThe dataset ”DBLP-SIGWEB.zip” is derived from September 17, 2015 snapshot of dblp bibliography database. It contains all publications and authors records (available in dblp data) of 8 ACM SIGWEB conferences (HT, DL, DocEng, WebSci, CIKM, WSDM, UMAP, SIGIR): The dataset also contains the authors, chairs, affiliations and additional metadata information of conferences that are published in ACM digital library.dblp-sigweb.sql file creates 14 tables in mysql. Followings are the list and description of all attributes and tables used in the dataset. Same attributes used in different tables are listed only once.1. Table- papersdblp_key- unique id of each publication in dblp databasecrossref- unique id of each conference in dblp databasedoi- unique doi url to publisher pagepaper_id- unique id of each article in acm digital library (DL)cite_count- number of citations for each article calculated for the papers published in acm DLpages- number of pages for each article in conference proceedingsconf_id- unique id of each conference in acm DLfunding- funding source information of article. NULL- if no funcding source available2. Table- paper_authorsauthor_id- unique id of an author in acm DLaffiliation- affiliation information of author for associated article3. Table- conceptsconcept- concepts in an article- tagged by ACM4. Table- author_tagsauthor_tag- Keywords/tags provided by authors5. cited_bypaper_id- acm DL id of article A to be citedcite_id- unique id of article that has cited article A6. paper_referencesrefer_id- unique id of the articles (published in sigweb conferences) cited in article A.7. Table- conferencesdblp_key- unique id of each conference in dblp databaseyear- year of the conferencepublisher- publisher name of each conference (ACM, Springer, IEEE etc.)title- full name of the conference proceedingdoi- unique doi url to the conference publisher page8. Table- general_chairs, program_chairs, editorsauthor_id- unique id of author (as general chair, program chair or editor of conference conf_id)affiliation- affiliation of author9. authors_affiliation_history, colleaguesauthor_id- unique id of author A in ACM DLposition- index of affiliation- starts from 0affiliation- lists all affiliations of an authorcolleague_id- lists acm IDs of all authors publishing papers in ACM co-authored with A.11. authors_infoauthor_name- full name of author acquired from ACM publisher pageyear_first- year of first article publication in ACMyear_last- year of recent article publication in ACMpub_count- total number of publciations in ACM DLcite_count- total number of citations mentioned in ACM publciationsavg_cite- average number of citation in ACM publications12. affiliations_infoaffiliation- name of the affiliationaffiliation_type- type of affiliatioin (Industry, Academic Institution)city, state, country- geographical location of affiliationlat, lng- geocodes (latitude and longitude) of affiliatio
Addressing the education puzzle : the distribution of education and economic reform
No full textNo country has achieved sustained economic development without substantially investing in human capital. Previous studies have shown the handsome returns to various forms of basic education, research, training, learning-by-doing, and capacity-building. But education by itself does not guarantee successful development, as history has shown in the former Soviet bloc, Sri Lanka, the Philippines, and the Indian states of Kerala and West Bengal. The question is, when and how does education bring high payoffs? Although theory has suggested a strong causal link between education and growth, the empirical evidence has not been unanimous and conclusive. The authors examine two explanatory factors. First, who gets educated matters a good deal, but the distribution of education is complex and not much has been written about it. They construct an asset allocation model that elucidates the importance of the distribution of education to economic development. Second, how education affects growth is greatly affected by the economic policy environment. Policies determine what people can do with their education. Reform of trade, investment, and labor policies can increase the returns from education. Using panel data from 12 Asian and Latin American countries for 1970-94, they investigate the relationship between education, policy reform, and economic growth. Their empirical results are promising. First, the distribution of education matters. Unequal distribution of education tends to have a negative impact on per capita income in most countries. Moreover, controlling for human capital distribution and the use of appropriate functional form specifications consistent with the asset allocation model makes a difference for the effect of average schooling on per capita income. Controlling for education distribution leads to positive and significant effects of average schooling on per capita income, while failure to do so leads to insignificant, even negative effects, of average education. Second, the policy environment matters a great deal. Our results indicate that economic policies that suppress market forces tend to dramatically reduce the impact of human capital on economic growth. Investment in human capital can have little impact on growth unless people can use education in competitive and open markets. The larger and more competitive these markets are, the greater are the prospects for using education and skills.Curriculum&Instruction,Economic Theory&Research,Decentralization,Public Health Promotion,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Teaching and Learning,Curriculum&Instruction,Economic Theory&Research,Gender and Education
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