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The role of Chavismo and Lulismo in Latin America\'s regional integration
No full textNo início do século XXI a América Latina experienciou uma mudança política em cadeia em seus governos deslocando, quase que de forma sincronizada em direção à um momento progressista da política regional, em um movimento que ficou conhecido como onda rosa. Assim, depois de quase duas décadas de neoliberalismo pernicioso e a produção de milhões de pessoas extremamente pobres, novos ares sopraram na região. Esta dissertação buscou apresentar a influência do chavismo e do lulismo, enquanto fenômenos políticos, na integração regional a partir de duas organizações internacionais: a União de Nações Sul-Americanas (UNASUL) e a Aliança Bolivariana para os Povos da Nossa América Tratado de Comércio dos Povos (ALBA-TCP). Ao desenvolver um estudo comparativo entre esses dois fenômenos, foi analisado os antecedentes do lulismo e do chavismo, bem como suas características enquanto governo, sobretudo no campo da política externa regional. Identificou-se, desta forma, que esses governos apresentaram uma agenda convergente de política externa principalmente no tangente a processos de cooperação dentro da lógica do regionalismo pós-neoliberal, ou póshegemônico, onde os processos integracionistas foram pautados com objetivos distintos da lógica comercial-econômica e priorizaram temas como educação, saúde, seguridade e desenvolvimento social, infraestrutura, paz e segurança regional e resolução de conflitos. O Brasil e a Venezuela, buscaram com a cooperação regional estabelecer zonas de influências na América do Sul e no Caribe exercendo um voluntarismo estratégico ao fomentar a integração latino-americana. Esta pesquisa analisou estes processos através das principais teorias de intregação regional e o intergovernamentalismo é a que melhor se aplica para entender a ausência de cessão de soberania pelos Estados membros à UNASUL e a ALBA. Fator decisivo para mensurar um possível projeto de governança regional.At the beginning of the 21st century, Latin America experienced an almost synchronized political change in many counties in what turned out to be known as the Pink tide for which many progressivists governments came to power. After almost two decades of pernicious neoliberalism and the production of millions of extremely poor individuals, new winds blowed in the region. The present dissertation sought to present the influence of Chavism and Lulism, as political phenomena, in regional integration through two international organizations: the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) and the Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America - Treaty of Peoples Trade (ALBA-TCP). In developing a comparative study between these two phenomena, we sought to analyze the antecedents of Lullism and Chavism, as well as its characteristics as a government, especially their regional foreign policy. It was identified, therefore, that these governments had some similars goals in foreign policy being regional integration one of them. However, they aimed to set a new standard on cooperation processes by adopting a post-neoliberal or post-hegemonic regionalism. These new integrationist attempts were based subjects other than economic and commercial ones but prioritized education, health, social security and development, infrastructure, regional peace and security, and conflict resolution fields. Brazil and Venezuela have sought to extend their zones of influence in South America and the Caribbean through regional integration. They do it by what we call a strategic voluntarism by which they calculate the costs and benefits by sponsoring Latin American integration. Due to the state-oriented characteristics of these governments intergovernmentalism theory looks like the most feasible to understand the absence of assignment of sovereignty to UNASUR and ALBA. A factor that has a direct impact to mesure the consolidation of a potential model of regional governance
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
El papel del Estado: desarrollo económico y respeto a los derechos humanos, un debate necesario (Carta a las lectoras y a los lectores)
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