1,720,975 research outputs found
EFEK TOKSISITAS FRAKSI ETIL ASETAT AKAR SENGGANI (Melastoma affine D.Don ) PADA ORGAN HEPAR, GINJAL DAN TESTIS
Full text linkMelastoma affine (MA) is a medicinal plant commonly found in south East Asia
and China. The aim of the study is to investigate the toxicity effect of MA toward vital
organs. Thirty two Wistar adult male rats were divided into five groups consisting of six
animals each the rats in group except control group, eight animals. The rats in group I
(control) were administered 0.5% CMC Na orally, while CMC Na suspension of ethyl
acetate fraction of MA root (62.5, 125, 250,and 500 mg/kg body weight) were given to
the II, III, IV and V groups, respectively. The CMC Na suspensions of ethyl acetate
fraction of MA root were administered for 22 days. Rats were sacrificed at the 23th day.
Liver, kidney, testis were collected for histopathological observation. The observation
result on liver and kidney showed no difference compare to control groups, meanwhile
on testis, the administration of ethyl acetate fraction of MA root at dose (250, 500 mg/kg
body weight) caused necrosis on seminiferus tubules and decreasing sperm counting.
The conclusion, administration of ethyl acetate fraction of MA root caused toxicity
effect on testis with necrosis on seminiferus tubules
The aphrodisiac effect and toxicity of combination Piper retrofractum L, Centella asiatica, and Curcuma domestica infusion
No full textAbstrak Latar belakang: Cabe jawa (Piper retrofractum L) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang diketahui memiliki efek stimulan pada tubuh. Dari penelitian pendahuluan diketahui bahwa dalam bentuk infusa, LD50 nya rendah dan termasuk bahan yang tidak toksik. Infusa pada tikus putih dengan dosis 2,1 mg/10 gram berat badan mempunyai efek androgenik dan anabolik. Alkaloid utama dalam buah cabe jawa yang diduga merupakan senyawa aktif berkhasiat afrodisiaka adalah piperin. Pegagan (Centella asiatica) dan temulawak (Curcuma domestica) berfungsi sebagai bahan tambahan pendukung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui toksisitas dan efek afrodisiaka infus ramuan buah cabe jawa, pegagan, dan temulawak pada tikus jantan. Metode: Parameter efek afrodisiaka dilihat dari frekuensi introduction, climbing, dan coitus tikus jantan dibandingkan kontrol serta kadar hormon testosteron sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Toksisitas subkronik ditentukan dari kadar SGOT, SGPT, ureum, dan kreatinin sebelum dan sesudah pemberian infusa ramuan selama 3 bulan.Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan yang signifi kan parameter frekuensi climbing dan coitus antara kelompok kontrol dan kelompok yang diberi infusa ramuan (P=0,032). Sementara pemberian infusa ramuan Piper retrofractum L., Centella asiatica, dan Curcuma domestica tidak menyebabkan perbedaan yang signifi kan kadar hormon testosteron tikus jantan sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Pemberian infusa ramuan dosis tinggi (5000 mg/200g BB) menyebabkan perubahan yang signifi kan kadar SGOT, SGPT dan ureum tikus kelompok perlakuan.Kesimpulan: Infusa ramuan cabe jawa, pegagan, dan temulawak memiliki efek afrodisiaka pada libido tikus jantan galur SD dan pemberian ramuan dosis 5000mg/200g BB tikus setiap hari selama 3 bulan berturut-turut menyebabkan peningkatan yang signifi kan kadar SGOT, SGPT, dan ureum tikus. (Health Science Indones 2012;1:19-22) Kata kunci: afrodisiaka, toksisitas, Piper retrofractum LAbstractIntroduction: Piper retrofractum L is a plant that acts as a stimulant on the body. A preliminary study showed that administration of infusion of 2.1 mg/10 g body weight had androgenic and anabolic effects in white mice. Piperine is the main alkaloid suspected to have an aphrodisiac effect. Centella asiatica and Curcuma domestica are the excipients. The objective of this research was to determine the toxicity and the aphrodisiac effect of a combination infusion of Piper retrofractum L, Centella asiatica and Curcuma domestica on Sprague-Dawley strain male rats.Methods: Parameters for aphrodisiac effect were the frequency of introduction, climbing, and coitus of male rats. The concentration of pre and post-treatment of male rat testosterone hormone was determined using rat testosterone ELISA kit. Sub-chronic toxicity was determined from SGOT, SGPT, urea, and kreatinin concentrations of pre and post treatment of rats orally administered the combination infusion everyday for 3 months.Results: There were signifi cant differences in coitus and climbing frequencies between the male rat group administered combination infusion of Piper retrofractum L., Centella asiatica, and Curcuma domestica and the group not given the infusion (P=0.032). There was no signifi cant difference between testosterone levels of the group administered the infusion and kontrol (P=0.248). Administering high dose (5000 mg/200 g BW) of infusion caused a signifi cant difference in levels of SGOT and SGPT between pre and post-treatment.Conclusion: The infusion of 1000 mg/200 g body weight had safe aphrodisiac effect on male Sprague-Dawley rats libido. (Health Science Indones 2012;1:19-22) </p
ANALISIS BIAYA PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIKA PADA BEDAH CESAR DI RUMAH SAKIT PKU MUHAMMADIYAH BANTUL YOGYAKARTA
No full textThe use of antibiotics in cesarean surgery is varied, causing the variation of medication costs. The objective of this study was to determine the cost components of direct medical and the antibiotics in surgical Caesarean at PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul-Hospital Yogyakarta. Descriptive observation study along with restropective data was applied as research design.The subjects were patients of cesarean section in the period of 1 January to 31 March 2014 who fullfiled the inclusion criteria. Cost analysis was conducted by Payers Perspective which focused on direct medical costs. The result showed the average of total cost in every surgical cesarean patient was remarked between IDR 7.302.127 to 11.057.450. The highest cost was found in surgical action as of 56.31% - 59.35%. Instead, the cost of pharmaceuticals and the length of hospitalization were noted to be 13.93% - 17.78% and 10.35% - 13,27,35%, respectively. Accordingly, Ceftriaxon-Amoxicillin was the most frequently used antibiotic with the percentage of 63.79%. The pharmaceutical cost of this evidence was 0.26% - 11.77%. The duration of patient hospitalization seems not to contribute any significant impact on the antibiotic cost usage in caesarean surgery (p > 0.05). In term of the surgery, the highest cost was found in surgical act with 56.31% - 59.35% and its pharmaceutical medication due to 13.93% - 17.78% of cost. Herein, the cost of antibiotic was found to be 0.36% - 11.77% from the pharmaceutical charge
EFEK HEPATOPROTEKTIF EKSTRAK METANOL JAHE MERAH (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) PADA MENCIT JANTAN YANG DIINDUKSI CCl4
Full text linkMeOH extract of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ZO) were investigated for
hepatoprotective effect at the doses (p.o) of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight using CCl4
induction method. Male Swiss mouse (25±1,5 g) were treated with ZO doses 100 and
200 mg/kg bw and Sillymarin (100 mg/kg bw) for two week before treatment with a
single dose of CCl4, 0.5 ml/kg bw, intraperitoneally. The mouse were sacrifactivity of
SGPT-SGOT. The study showed the activity of SGPT of MeOH extract of ZO doses 100
mg/kg bw and 200 mg/kg bw, Sillymarin, control and normal groups are (34,51±5,34)
(27,38±4,28) (27,26±1,06) (36,61±1,87) dan (25,37±2,01I) U/L. respectively. While
the activity of SGOT of MeOH extract of ZO doses 100 mg/kg bw and 200 mg/kg bw,
Sillymarin, control and normal groups are (88,88±0,94) (83,88±3,91) (83,99±7,24)
(92,97±8,16) (82,99±3,97) U/L.respectively. MeOH extract of ZO dose 200 mg/kg BW
and Sillymarinsignificantly (p < 0,05) decrease the activities two enzymes (SGPT and
SGOT). The results showed MeOH extract Zingiber officinale Roscoe has
hepatoprotective effect
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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