1,720,955 research outputs found
A review of high nature value farming systems in Europe: Biodiversity, ecosystem services, drivers, innovations and future prospects
No full textAbstract Farming systems of high natural and cultural value represent approximately 30% of farmlands in the European Union and are associated with a high species and habitat diversity and/or the presence of species of European conservation concern. This study aims to synthesize the existing knowledge on the assessment of biodiversity and ecosystem services, the social‐ecological drivers of change and the innovations developed around high nature value (HNV) farming systems. We performed a systematic review of scholarly publications in English reporting empirical studies of HNV farmland in Europe. Information was extracted from 178 articles. We employed a multiple correspondence analysis and a hierarchical cluster analysis to uncover patterns in the assessment of ecosystem services and biodiversity in the HNV farming literature. A qualitative analysis of open text on challenges provided insight into drivers and their interactions. Similarly, open texts on main lessons learnt and recommendations allowed us to explore innovations. Most of the studies ( n = 122, 69%) assessed the dimensions related to biodiversity in which grassland and bird diversity dominated. Six clusters were disentangled. The predominant biophysical assessment of plant diversity was generally grouped into clusters 1 and 2, while less common approaches were found in the remaining clusters, which tackled social dimensions (cluster 3), considered a wider set of biodiversity groups (cluster 5), or ecosystem services beyond provisioning services, either from a sociocultural perspective (cluster 4) or from a biophysical perspective (cluster 6). Direct drivers of change in land use in HNV farming systems are mostly related to abandonment and intensification processes. Among the indirect drivers of change, policy and institutional drivers were addressed in one‐third of the studies, with the Common Agricultural Policy being the most common driver in this category. Innovations were mostly related to technological innovations, while a limited number of articles were related to social, institutional and marketing innovations. Advisory services and knowledge transfer can have transformative potential to avoid the exclusion of marginalised farmers from being subsidised. Synergies can be promoted in policy mixes to jointly address landscape conservation and product innovation by supporting niche markets. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.Resumen Los sistemas agrarios de alto valor natural y cultural representan aproximadamente el 30% de las tierras de cultivo de la Unión Europea y están asociados a una elevada diversidad de especies y hábitats y/o a la presencia de especies cuya conservación es motivo de preocupación en Europa. Este estudio pretende sintetizar los conocimientos existentes sobre la evaluación de la biodiversidad y los servicios ecosistémicos, los motores socioecológicos del cambio y las innovaciones desarrolladas en torno a los sistemas agrarios de alto valor natural (AVN). Se realizó una revisión sistemática de las publicaciones académicas en inglés que informaban de estudios empíricos sobre las tierras de cultivo de alto valor natural en Europa. Se extrajo información de 178 artículos. Se empleó un análisis de correspondencias múltiples y un análisis jerárquico de conglomerados para descubrir patrones en la evaluación de los servicios ecosistémicos y la biodiversidad en la bibliografía sobre sistemas AVN. Un análisis cualitativo de los textos de los artículos sobre los desafíos que enfrentan estos sistemas permitió conocer los factores impulsores y sus interacciones. Del mismo modo, los textos abiertos sobre las principales lecciones aprendidas y recomendaciones nos permitieron explorar las innovaciones. La mayoría de los estudios ( n = 122, 69%) evaluaron las dimensiones relacionadas con la biodiversidad en las que predominaban el estudio de la diversidad en pastos y aves. Se distinguieron seis conglomerados. La evaluación biofísica de la diversidad vegetal se agrupó generalmente en los conglomerados 1 y 2, mientras que se encontraron enfoques menos comunes en los conglomerados restantes que abordaban las dimensiones sociales (conglomerado 3), consideraban un conjunto más amplio de grupos de biodiversidad (conglomerado 5) o los servicios ecosistémicos más allá de los servicios de aprovisionamiento, ya fuera desde una perspectiva sociocultural (conglomerado 4) o desde una perspectiva biofísica (conglomerado 6). Los impulsores directos del cambio en el uso de la tierra en los sistemas AVN están relacionados principalmente con los procesos de abandono e intensificación. Entre los impulsores indirectos del cambio, los impulsores políticos e institucionales se abordaron en un tercio de los estudios, siendo la Política Agrícola Común el impulsor más común en esta categoría. Las innovaciones estaban relacionadas sobre todo con innovaciones tecnológicas, mientras que un número limitado de artículos se refería a innovaciones sociales, institucionales y de marketing. Los servicios de asesoramiento y la transferencia de conocimientos pueden tener un potencial transformador para evitar la exclusión de los agricultores marginados de las subvenciones. La políticas pueden promover sinergias para abordar conjuntamente la conservación del paisaje y la innovación de en los productos mediante el apoyo a nichos de mercado.Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.Abstract Farming systems of high natural and cultural value represent approximately 30% of farmlands in the European Union and are associated with a high species and habitat diversity and/or the presence of species of European conservation concern. This study aims to synthesize the existing knowledge on the assessment of biodiversity and ecosystem services, the social‐ecological drivers of change and the innovations developed around high nature value (HNV) farming systems. We performed a systematic review of scholarly publications in English reporting empirical studies of HNV farmland in Europe. Information was extracted from 178 articles. We employed a multiple correspondence analysis and a hierarchical cluster analysis to uncover patterns in the assessment of ecosystem services and biodiversity in the HNV farming literature. A qualitative analysis of open text on challenges provided insight into drivers and their interactions. Similarly, open texts on main lessons learnt and recommendations allowed us to explore innovations. Most of the studies ( n = 122, 69%) assessed the dimensions related to biodiversity in which grassland and bird diversity dominated. Six clusters were disentangled. The predominant biophysical assessment of plant diversity was generally grouped into clusters 1 and 2, while less common approaches were found in the remaining clusters, which tackled social dimensions (cluster 3), considered a wider set of biodiversity groups (cluster 5), or ecosystem services beyond provisioning services, either from a sociocultural perspective (cluster 4) or from a biophysical perspective (cluster 6). Direct drivers of change in land use in HNV farming systems are mostly related to abandonment and intensification processes. Among the indirect drivers of change, policy and institutional drivers were addressed in one‐third of the studies, with the Common Agricultural Policy being the most common driver in this category. Innovations were mostly related to technological innovations, while a limited number of articles were related to social, institutional and marketing innovations. Advisory services and knowledge transfer can have transformative potential to avoid the exclusion of marginalised farmers from being subsidised. Synergies can be promoted in policy mixes to jointly address landscape conservation and product innovation by supporting niche markets. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.Resumen Los sistemas agrarios de alto valor natural y cultural representan aproximadamente el 30% de las tierras de cultivo de la Unión Europea y están asociados a una elevada diversidad de especies y hábitats y/o a la presencia de especies cuya conservación es motivo de preocupación en Europa. Este estudio pretende sintetizar los conocimientos existentes sobre la evaluación de la biodiversidad y los servicios ecosistémicos, los motores socioecológicos del cambio y las innovaciones desarrolladas en torno a los sistemas agrarios de alto valor natural (AVN). Se realizó una revisión sistemática de las publicaciones académicas en inglés que informaban de estudios empíricos sobre las tierras de cultivo de alto valor natural en Europa. Se extrajo información de 178 artículos. Se empleó un análisis de correspondencias múltiples y un análisis jerárquico de conglomerados para descubrir patrones en la evaluación de los servicios ecosistémicos y la biodiversidad en la bibliografía sobre sistemas AVN. Un análisis cualitativo de los textos de los artículos sobre los desafíos que enfrentan estos sistemas permitió conocer los factores impulsores y sus interacciones. Del mismo modo, los textos abiertos sobre las principales lecciones aprendidas y recomendaciones nos permitieron explorar las innovaciones. La mayoría de los estudios ( n = 122, 69%) evaluaron las dimensiones relacionadas con la biodiversidad en las que predominaban el estudio de la diversidad en pastos y aves. Se distinguieron seis conglomerados. La evaluación biofísica de la diversidad vegetal se agrupó generalmente en los conglomerados 1 y 2, mientras que se encontraron enfoques menos comunes en los conglomerados restantes que abordaban las dimensiones sociales (conglomerado 3), consideraban un conjunto más amplio de grupos de biodiversidad (conglomerado 5) o los servicios ecosistémicos más allá de los servicios de aprovisionamiento, ya fuera desde una perspectiva sociocultural (conglomerado 4) o desde una perspectiva biofísica (conglomerado 6). Los impulsores directos del cambio en el uso de la tierra en los sistemas AVN están relacionados principalmente con los procesos de abandono e intensificación. Entre los impulsores indirectos del cambio, los impulsores políticos e institucionales se abordaron en un tercio de los estudios, siendo la Política Agrícola Común el impulsor más común en esta categoría. Las innovaciones estaban relacionadas sobre todo con innovaciones tecnológicas, mientras que un número limitado de artículos se refería a innovaciones sociales, institucionales y de marketing. Los servicios de asesoramiento y la transferencia de conocimientos pueden tener un potencial transformador para evitar la exclusión de los agricultores marginados de las subvenciones. La políticas pueden promover sinergias para abordar conjuntamente la conservación del paisaje y la innovación de en los productos mediante el apoyo a nichos de mercado.Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.Abstract Farming systems of high natural and cultural value represent approximately 30% of farmlands in the European Union and are associated with a high species and habitat diversity and/or the presence of species of European conservation concern. This study aims to synthesize the existing knowledge on the assessment of biodiversity and ecosystem services, the social‐ecological drivers of change and the innovations developed around high nature value (HNV) farming systems. We performed a systematic review of scholarly publications in English reporting empirical studies of HNV farmland in Europe. Information was extracted from 178 articles. We employed a multiple correspondence analysis and a hierarchical cluster analysis to uncover patterns in the assessment of ecosystem services and biodiversity in the HNV farming literature. A qualitative analysis of open text on challenges provided insight into drivers and their interactions. Similarly, open texts on main lessons learnt and recommendations allowed us to explore innovations. Most of the studies ( n = 122, 69%) assessed the dimensions related to biodiversity in which grassland and bird diversity dominated. Six clusters were disentangled. The predominant biophysical assessment of plant diversity was generally grouped into clusters 1 and 2, while less common approaches were found in the remaining clusters, which tackled social dimensions (cluster 3), considered a wider set of biodiversity groups (cluster 5), or ecosystem services beyond provisioning services, either from a sociocultural perspective (cluster 4) or from a biophysical perspective (cluster 6). Direct drivers of change in land use in HNV farming systems are mostly related to abandonment and intensification processes. Among the indirect drivers of change, policy and institutional drivers were addressed in one‐third of the studies, with the Common Agricultural Policy being the most common driver in this category. Innovations were mostly related to technological innovations, while a limited number of articles were related to social, institutional and marketing innovations. Advisory services and knowledge transfer can have transformative potential to avoid the exclusion of marginalised farmers from being subsidised. Synergies can be promoted in policy mixes to jointly address landscape conservation and product innovation by supporting niche markets. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.Resumen Los sistemas agrarios de alto valor natural y cultural representan aproximadamente el 30% de las tierras de cultivo de la Unión Europea y están asociados a una elevada diversidad de especies y hábitats y/o a la presencia de especies cuya conservación es motivo de preocupación en Europa. Este estudio pretende sintetizar los conocimientos existentes sobre la evaluación de la biodiversidad y los servicios ecosistémicos, los motores socioecológicos del cambio y las innovaciones desarrolladas en torno a los sistemas agrarios de alto valor natural (AVN). Se realizó una revisión sistemática de las publicaciones académicas en inglés que informaban de estudios empíricos sobre las tierras de cultivo de alto valor natural en Europa. Se extrajo información de 178 artículos. Se empleó un análisis de correspondencias múltiples y un análisis jerárquico de conglomerados para descubrir patrones en la evaluación de los servicios ecosistémicos y la biodiversidad en la bibliografía sobre sistemas AVN. Un análisis cualitativo de los textos de los artículos sobre los desafíos que enfrentan estos sistemas permitió conocer los factores impulsores y sus interacciones. Del mismo modo, los textos abiertos sobre las principales lecciones aprendidas y recomendaciones nos permitieron explorar las innovaciones. La mayoría de los estudios ( n = 122, 69%) evaluaron las dimensiones relacionadas con la biodiversidad en las que predominaban el estudio de la diversidad en pastos y aves. Se distinguieron seis conglomerados. La evaluación biofísica de la diversidad vegetal se agrupó generalmente en los conglomerados 1 y 2, mientras que se encontraron enfoques menos comunes en los conglomerados restantes que abordaban las dimensiones sociales (conglomerado 3), consideraban un conjunto más amplio de grupos de biodiversidad (conglomerado 5) o los servicios ecosistémicos más allá de los servicios de aprovisionamiento, ya fuera desde una perspectiva sociocultural (conglomerado 4) o desde una perspectiva biofísica (conglomerado 6). Los impulsores directos del cambio en el uso de la tierra en los sistemas AVN están relacionados principalmente con los procesos de abandono e intensificación. Entre los impulsores indirectos del cambio, los impulsores políticos e institucionales se abordaron en un tercio de los estudios, siendo la Política Agrícola Común el impulsor más común en esta categoría. Las innovaciones estaban relacionadas sobre todo con innovaciones tecnológicas, mientras que un número limitado de artículos se refería a innovaciones sociales, institucionales y de marketing. Los servicios de asesoramiento y la transferencia de conocimientos pueden tener un potencial transformador para evitar la exclusión de los agricultores marginados de las subvenciones. La políticas pueden promover sinergias para abordar conjuntamente la conservación del paisaje y la innovación de en los productos mediante el apoyo a nichos de mercado.Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft https://doi.org/10.13039/50110000165
Farm Trees as Cultural Keystone Species: Bridging Biocultural Conservation and Sustainable Development in the Morocco High Atlas Mountains
No full textIn many southern farmers revealed that olive trees remain central to local Mediterranean mountain residents’ culture. This species met all CKS criteria, whereas areas, the livelihoods of walnut and almond trees met many criteria, but they have subsistence farmers are increasingly lost their cultural importance. Ash and holm oak are threatened by increasing prevalent fodder species but do not directly bolster household drought periods that affect cash incomes, and they are absent from cultural narratives, agroecosystems and cause ceremonies, and symbolism. Our findings emphasize the rapid socioeconomic importance of considering farm trees’ cultural status in deterioration. Current initiatives to address this through ecosystem restoration often overlook the cultural significance of different tree species that play an important role in farmers’ livelihoods. This may result in the erosion of biocultural diversity and loss of local and Indigenous knowledge. We used the cultural keystone species (CKS) framework to appraise the cultural and livelihood importance of 5 farm tree species—almond, ash, holm oak, olive, and walnut—in Morocco’s central High Atlas mountains. Twenty-five structured interviews with knowledgeable developing a culturally sensitive approach to conservation, stewardship of existing trees, and sustainable development in the Mediterranean mountains.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
