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Comparing habitat and landscape effects on carabid (Coleoptera: Carabidae) traits in cereal fields and grasslands
No full textInternational audienceCarabids are important natural biocontrol agents for pest regulation in agricultural landscapes. Their role in the ecosystem is related to functional traits, which are themselves filtered by both the degree of habitat disturbance and the landscape composition and configuration that distribute ecological resources. Here we aim at sorting out the influences of habitat and landscape context on carabid traits in permanent grasslands and winter cereal crops (wheat or barley). We sampled carabids in adjacent grasslands and cereal fields in three agricultural plains of south-eastern France. We analysed the links between carabid traits and their occurrence in the studied habitats using regression models. We also characterised the influences of habitat and landscape context on trait distribution using multivariate analyses. Polyphagous species were more likely than others to be shared by both adjacent grassland and cereal fields. Granivorous carabids were strongly related to grasslands, while predatory and polyphagous species were more often captured exclusively in cereal crops when exclusive to one habitat. Small apterous carabids were more likely to be found in grasslands only. Concerning the influence of the landscape, polyphagous species were related to cereal crops surrounded by higher grassland coverage or lower compositional heterogeneity. Smaller carabids were more likely to be found in the vicinity of high grassland coverage, and apterous carabids in grassland-dominated landscapes. Grasslands thus not only provide resource and habitat complementation for generalist carabid species from neighbouring croplands, but they also host distinctive species showing particular traits. It is therefore important to maintain or restore grasslands in agricultural landscapes to support species and functional diversity in farmland
Mapping the development of agroecology in Europe - Country Reports Series, Vol. 3
No full textInternational audienceAgroecology is gaining increasing recognition at a global level, with countries establishing new policies or laws relating to agroecology. Moreover, the world-wide Agroecology Coalition was set up to foster the development of agroecology At the European level, the European Partnership for Agroecology Living Labs and Infrastructure is a notable programme that began in 2024. It includes the establishment of a network of living labs and the European Panel for the Transition to Agroecology, which aims to engage with policymakers and calls for funding projects in applied agroecological research.Agroecology is a holistic concept that embraces a diversity of interpretations, intentions, and realities dependent on the country, context, history, stakeholders, and socio-political environment. To scale up agroecology, it is critical to document and analyse its development in different contexts. This is a necessary step to attain larger insights about the state of play in agroecology, as well as to support its expansion and use at the policy level. The “Mapping of agroecology in Europe” is aimed to provide an overview of the reality of agroecology in different European countries. This third volume covers 9 new countries: Belgium, Czech Republic, Latvia, Luxembourg, Norwa, Poland, Slovakia, Serbia and Switzerland. This adds to the 24 countries already mapped in the first two volumes of the country report series (Wezel et al. 2023, 2024).This mapping is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather to provide an overview and key information to help build a common understanding of agroecology and its development at the European level.This volume identifies various initiatives, cases, examples, and programmes related to five different activity categories: Practice, Science, Movement, Living Labs, and Education and Training. Moreover, it provides an overview about the current state of agroecology in each country and the barriers and perspectives for the future development of agroecology in Europe.The mapping was carried out under the Agroecology for Europe (AE4EU) Horizon 2020 project and beyond, and through a LIFE operating grant. It involved many organisations and mappers who conducted research in European countries
Towards reduced pesticide use in agriculture: A multiple-case study of agrosupply business models for low pesticide solutions
No full textInternational audienceThe agrosupply sector plays a key role in the transition toward reduced pesticide use by developing and commercializing alternative crop protection market offerings. This article examines the business models of agrosupply actors based on eight cases-including biocontrol, equipment, and digital tools. Results reveal diverse models, some mirroring pesticide approaches and others drawing on digital-economy logics, with providers generally aiming for pesticide-level performance while requiring limited changes to existing practices. In the discussion, we distinguish models according to their implications for ecological transition and suggest that lowsustainability pathways rely on business models largely compatible with pesticide models, with the risk of reinforcing structural lock-ins and hindering future shifts toward strong sustainability
Prédiction de la qualité sensorielle de la viande bovine: Une approche novatrice pour mieux répondre aux attentes des consommateurs et des acteurs de la filière
No full textThe decline in consumption of beef is due to societal concerns related to the environment and animal welfare, concerns about human health, but also its purchase price and the uncontrolled and inconsistent variability of its eating quality, as shown by consumer surveys. Sensory quality depends on many factors prior to slaughter, related to farming practices, breed, sex and age of the animal. It also results to a large extent from slaughter conditions, carcass characteristics (pH, marbling, etc.), meat cutting and processing as well as biological changes that occur in the muscle during meat ageing and cooking. Carcass and meat grading systems take little account of these factors, with the exception of the Meat Standards Australia (MSA) system developed in Australia. The principles of the MSA system have been studied in Europe, considering the specificities and diversity of livestock production systems, as well as consumer preferences in several European countries. These studies were carried out as part of more than five collaborative projects with the Institut de l'Elevage and the Beauvallet company, including the ANR-funded EcoRegMeat3G project and the European INTAQT project, both led by INRAE. The work of five PhD students, all supervised or co-supervised by researchers from UMR Herbivores of INRAE also contributed to this work. This research led to 1) the development of the 3G (Global Guaranteed Grading) system piloted by the International Meat 3G Foundation established and managed with the support of INRAE, 2) the contribution to the creation of new recommendations on beef quality by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) and 3) the contribution to the launch and development of a new premium beef brand by the Beauvallet company (OR ROUGE) in the Limousin region and, 4) the international development of the 3G method particularly in Europe.La baisse de la consommation de viande bovine s’explique par des questions sociétales relatives à l’environnement et au bien-être animal, par des préoccupations de santé humaine, mais aussi par son prix d’achat et par la variabilité non maitrisée et irrégulière de la qualité sensorielle, comme l’ont montré des enquêtes auprès des consommateurs. Cette qualité sensorielle dépend de nombreux facteurs avant abattage tels que les pratiques d’élevage, la race, le sexe et l’âge de l’animal. Elle résulte aussi pour une grande part des conditions d’abattage, des caractéristiques des carcasses (pH, persillé etc.), de la découpe et de la préparation de la viande et enfin des évolutions du muscle au cours de la maturation et de la cuisson de la viande. Les systèmes de classement des carcasses et des viandes prennent peu en compte l’ensemble de ces éléments à l’exception du système « Meat Standards Australia » (MSA) développé en Australie. Les principes du système MSA ont été étudiés en Europe en tenant compte de la spécificité et de la diversité des types d’élevage, ainsi que des préférences des consommateurs dans plusieurs pays européens. Ces études se sont appuyées sur plus de cinq projets en collaboration avec l’Institut de l’Elevage et l’entreprise Beauvallet. Parmi ceux-ci, figurent le projet EcoRegMeat3G financé par l’ANR et le projet européen INTAQT tous deux pilotés par INRAE. De plus, les travaux de cinq étudiants en thèse tous encadrés ou co-encadrés par des chercheurs de l’UMR Herbivores d’INRAE ont contribué à ces travaux. Ces recherches ont permis 1) la mise au point du système 3G (Global Guaranteed Grading) porté par la Fondation Internationale Meat 3G créée et co-pilotée avec l’appui d’INRAE, 2) la contribution à la création de nouvelles recommandations sur la qualité de la viande bovine par la Commission Economique des Nations Unies pour l’Europe (UNECE), 3) la contribution à la création d’une nouvelle marque de viande bovine premium par l’entreprise Beauvallet dans le Limousin et 4) le développement de la méthode 3G au niveau international, notamment européen
Mapping food practices in rural Italy: consumer diversity as a key to informing sustainable food policy
No full textInternational audienceThe global food system looms as a major contributor to a wide range of increasingly threatening sustainability challenges which encompass the environment, human health, justice and ethics. Hitherto food policy has relied on behavioural theories to encourage consumers towards sustainable food practices, albeit with limited success. This study delves into consumers' daily choices and attitudes to food, using theory of practice as a framework. Designed as a case study located in the Valle dei Laghi biodistrict, Italy, thirty-six semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions were conducted with consumers and producers. Direct observation was used to enhance the validity and credibility of the results. In addition to the food citizen and passive consumer widely discussed in literature, the existence of two additional consumer profiles, termed the pragmatic consumer and the traditiondriven consumer, was identified. The pragmatic consumer, despite an understanding of sustainability related issues, adopts food choices rooted in convenience and opportunism. The tradition-driven consumer, in contrast, deploys unconsciously highly sustainable practices that can be traced back to the notion of quiet sustainability. In this article we discuss the significance of these findings for the design of policy interventions tailored to sustain a transformation towards sustainable food systems and propose practice-oriented policy measures to adjust and complement current policy
Consumer acceptance of cultured meat and its determinants among Turkish adults
No full textInternational audienceCultured meat is emerging as a sustainable and ethical alternative to conventional meat, yet consumer acceptance varies globally. In Türkiye, where meat consumption is culturally significant, awareness and acceptance remain underexplored. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted between December 2023 and September 2024 among 1,169 adults residing in Türkiye to assess familiarity, perception, willingness to try, eat, and pay for cultured meat, and attitudes toward its perceived benefits and risks. Results showed limited familiarity (46%) and low willingness to try (23%) or regularly to consume cultured meat, with main barriers including perceived unnaturalness, safety concerns, and distrust. Curiosity (29%) and concerns related to global food security (22%) were the most frequently reported motivations. Familiarity with cultured meat was associated with lower willingness to try and to eat cultured meat regularly. Acceptance varied by age, education, income, region, and meat consumption habits. Participants preferred the term “artificial meat” but largely opposed labeling cultured meat as “meat”. These findings highlight cultural and perceptual challenges in Türkiye, suggesting that transparent, evidence-based communication addressing safety and ethical concerns, alongside culturally sensitive terminology, may enhance acceptance of cultured meat
Made in AB -Maîtrise des ADvEntIces eN AB
No full textCe numéro fait suite au carrefour de l'innovation agronomique dédié aux résultats des projets DEPHY EXPE 2 - Des systèmes utilisant les pesticides en ultime recours : résultats et enseignements de 6 ans d’expérimentations le 13 mars 2025 co-organisé par Inrae, Agreenium, la cellule d'Animation Nationale du réseau DEPHY Ecophyto et le lycée agricole du Valentin.Sont présenté les résultats des projets DEPHY EXPE 2 arrivant à leur terme en décembre 2024 pour diffuser les connaissances des principaux enseignements de ces essais « systèmes » qui ont éprouvé pendant 6 ans des combinaisons de leviers alternatifs à la lutte chimique pour maîtriser les bioagresseurs des cultures : diversification de l’agroécosystème, méthodes de contrôle biologique, choix de matériel végétal, stratégie d’évitement, prophylaxie… Les modalités de mises en œuvre des alternatives testées, leurs conditions de réussite et de diffusion et leurs impacts sur les performances techniques, économiques et environnementales de systèmes ont été discutées.International audienceThe aim of the Made in AB project was to design, evaluate and transfer herbicide-free weed controlstrategies for field crops without livestock, reconciling agronomic, environmental and socio-economicperformance. To achieve this, it relied on a multi-partner, multi-site network of 10 experiments oninnovative long-term cropping systems under organic farming (RotAB). Multi-criteria analyses enabled tohighlight multi-performing weed management strategies without herbicides in the systems, even in no-tilland reduced-till contexts. Work on management levers has also highlighted their value in weedmanagement. One of the results of this work was to show that cover crops can replace intercroppingtillage without penalizing the following crop.Le projet Made in AB visait à concevoir, évaluer et transférer des stratégies de maîtrise des adventices sans herbicides en grandes cultures sans élevage, conciliant performances agronomiques, environnementales et socio-économiques. Pour cela, il s'appuyait sur un réseau multipartenarial et multisite de 10 expérimentations de systèmes de culture innovants de longue durée conduits en agriculture biologique (RotAB). Les analyses multicritères ont permis de mettre en évidence des stratégies multiperformantes de gestion des adventices sans herbicide dans les systèmes même dans des contextes sans labour et en réduction de travail du sol. Le travail sur les leviers de gestion a également permis de mettre en évidence leur intérêt dans la gestion des adventices. Un des résultats de ce travail aura été de montrer que les couverts peuvent se substituer au travail du sol en interculture sans que la culture suivante soit pénalisée
Review: European consumers’ attitudes towards the benefits of reducing meat consumption – the role of diverse and interconnected drivers
No full textInternational audienceHigh red meat and processed meat consumption may be associated with some human health problems (such as type 2 diabetes, weight gain, and higher overall mortality), environmental problems (such as climate change, water pollution and biodiversity loss), and ethical concerns. Reducing red and processed meat consumption and shifting towards (more) plant-based diets are proposed to benefit public and environmental health, as well as create a more equitable food system for humans and farm animals. Given the high average meat consumption in Europe compared with other regions of the world, and the lack of research on meat reduction specifically, this literature review aims to clarify how health perceptions and meat consumption in Europe are interconnected. Two research questions were formulated: (1) What are consumers' perceptions about the healthiness of meat; (2) Is health concern a (potential) motive for people to change their meat consumption? The results clearly show that health plays an important role in meat perception and reducing meat consumption by European consumers. Health influences consumer perception, but these perceptions are ambiguous and depend on the type of meat, the consumer's current dietary pattern and demographics (most notably gender and age). In brief, health is an important motive for reducing meat consumption, and often (one of) the main reason(s). However, health is also an important motive for consumers to continue eating meat, which translates, for example, in replacing one type of meat with another. It is therefore a delicate balance to strike when using health to influence meat consumption as part of possible policy interventions. Overall, it emerged that consumers almost always report several reasons for adopting a meat-reducing diet. Given that little or no research has been carried out in Southern and Eastern Europe, future research in these regions can potentially offer new insights
Valoriser la production fruitière écologique du Pilat un projet de recherche-action
No full textThis work describes the co-design process for a fruit-growing region, aimed at promoting the ecological nature of fruit production, enabling farmers to earn a good income and offering them good working conditions, while promoting biodiversity, preserving natural resources and contributing to food security in the surrounding areas.Ces travaux décrivent les démarches de co-conception d'un territoire de production fruitière, visant à valoriser le caractère écologique de la production fruitière, permettant de bien rémunérer les agriculteurs et de leur offrir des bonnes conditions de travail tout en favorisant les biodiversité et préservant les ressources naturelles et en participant à la sécurité alimentaire des bassins de vie
Spatial and temporal assessment of soil microbial respiration at microscale using proximal hyperspectral imaging
No full textInternational audienceThe study aimed to test the usefulness of the Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) in the visible and near infrared (VNIR) to address temporal and spatial variations in surface soil microbial respiration during an incubation. We hypothesized that VNIR HSI could show the heterogeneity and different evolutions of soil respiration between thermal stress and control conditions. Two mesocosms (≈1500 cm 2 ) were incubated 28 days under controlled conditions. Prior to incubation, one mesocosm was heat-stressed (stress), while the other was not (control). HS images of mesocosms (pixel resolution 0.18 × 0.36 mm) were acquired at several incubation dates. To calibrate respiration measurement of pixels, 56 standard samples were built and used as a calibration subterfuge to represent all conditions that would occur at the mesocosm surface in terms of straw cover, soil moisture, incubation date and consequences of initial thermal stress. Images of standard samples were acquired at the same dates than mesocosm images, just after CO 2 emitted by each standard sample (i.e. respiration) was measured. Partial least squares (PLS) regression was used to establish a cumulative respiration model based on the average spectra of each standard samples at each incubation date. The calibration and validation yielded R 2 = 0.88 and 0.85, respectively. The prediction model of respiration was applied on each pixel of the mesocosms and yielded prediction maps. The maps showed hotspots of respiration around plant residues surrounded by large areas of low respiration. The approach did not only contrast pieces of straw versus the soil matrix, but also hotspots with different evolutions. The effect of thermal stress on soil respiration patterns was not noticeable on mesocosms but was noted on standard samples with high straw cover. Further development of VNIR HSI at proximal scale should be encouraged to investigate the spatio-temporal processes of biological activity after a disturbance