74 research outputs found
The optimal balance between sexual and asexual reproduction in variable environments: a systematic review
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the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.Abstract
Many plant species have two modes of reproduction: sexual and asexual. Both modes of reproduction have often been viewed as adaptations to temporally or spatially variable environments. The plant should adjust partitioning to match changes in the estimated success of the two reproductive modes. Perennial plants showed that favorable habitats in soil nutrients or water content tend to promote clonal growth over sexual reproduction. In contrast, under high light-quantity conditions, clonal plants tend to allocate more biomass to sexual reproduction and less to clonal propagation. On the other hand, plants with chasmogamous and cleistogamous flowers provides with a greater tendency of the opportunity to ensure some seed set in any stressful environmental conditions such as low light, low soil nutrients, or low soil moisture. It is considered that vegetative reproduction has high competitive ability and is the major means to expand established population of perennial plants, whereas cleistogamous reproduction is insurance to persist in stressful sites due to being strong. Chasmogamous reproduction mainly enhances established and new population. Therefore, the functions of sexual and asexual propagules of perennial or annual plants differ from each other. These traits of propagule thus determine its success at a particular region of any environmental gradients. Eventually, if environmental resources or stress levels change in either space or time, species composition will probably also change. The reason based on which the plants differ with respect to favored reproduction modes in each environmental condition, may be involved in their specific realized niche
Postnatal age-differential ASD-like transcriptomic, synaptic, and behavioral deficits in Myt1l-mutant mice
No full text© 2022 The Author(s)Myelin transcription factor 1 like (Myt1l), a zinc-finger transcription factor, promotes neuronal differentiation and is implicated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability. However, it remains unclear whether Myt1l promotes neuronal differentiation in vivo and its deficiency in mice leads to disease-related phenotypes. Here, we report that Myt1l-heterozygous mutant (Myt1l-HT) mice display postnatal age-differential ASD-related phenotypes: newborn Myt1l-HT mice, with strong Myt1l expression, show ASD-like transcriptomic changes involving decreased synaptic gene expression and prefrontal excitatory synaptic transmission and altered righting reflex. Juvenile Myt1l-HT mice, with markedly decreased Myt1l expression, display reverse ASD-like transcriptomes, increased prefrontal excitatory transmission, and largely normal behaviors. Adult Myt1l-HT mice show ASD-like transcriptomes involving astrocytic and microglial gene upregulation, increased prefrontal inhibitory transmission, and behavioral deficits. Therefore, Myt1l haploinsufficiency leads to ASD-related phenotypes in newborn mice, which are temporarily normalized in juveniles but re-appear in adults, pointing to continuing phenotypic changes long after a marked decrease of Myt1l expression in juveniles.11Nsciescopu
Growth of Zoysiagrass and Seashore Paspalum on Volcano Eruption Sand and Clayey Soil with Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers in Indonesia
No full textAssessment of Genetic Diversity Using Morphological and Molecular Characteristics of Indonesian Zoysiagrass Genotypes
No full textZoysiagrass is warm-season turfgrass thriving in tropical regions. Despite the adaptive nature, the existence of Indonesian zoysiagrass as well as morphological and genetic characteristics are not available. Therefore, this study aimed to explore Indonesian zoysiagrass from western and eastern parts of the country, as well as its morphological and molecular characteristics. Morphological characteristics was conducted to measure vegetative and reproductive characters while genotyping was performed using 15 simple sequence repeat markers. Morphological characteristics cluster three major groups, namely Group 1 corresponded to short, shorter, and fine leaves. Group 2 corresponded to tall, longer, and fine leaves, fewer seeds, and short spikelet, while Group 3 corresponded to tall, long, and wider leaves, more seeds, and longer spikelet. The results showed that the expected heterozygosity (He = 0.256) was lower than homozygosity (Ho = 0.341). The high level of discriminating capacity, polymorphism, and informativeness of SSR marker was observed (Effective Multiplex Ratio = 4.20, Marker Index = 2.394, and Resolving Power = 1.574). Additionally, population structure generated two subpopulations. Group 1 corresponded to Z. japonica from Sumatera Island and mixed province while Group 2 corresponded to Z. japonica from Central Java and Bali with Z. japonica and Z. matrella from mixed province. In conclusion, the exploration of morphological and genetic diversity from Indonesian zoysiagrass provided useful insight for conservation and future breeding improvement
Amendments on Salinity and Water Retention of Sand Base Rootzone and Turfgrass Yield
No full textThis research was column pot experiment with turfgrass was Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) plant irrigated saline irrigation and the column soaked in saline water. Rootzone profile consisted of 20 cm using saline lake dredged up sand. The sand amendments of the root zone were soil, zeolite, bottom ash, and peat. The mixtures of topsoil were; 90% sand + 10% peat moss, 80% sand + 10% soil + 10 % bottom ash, 80% sand + 20% soil, 90% sand + 5% peat + 5% zeolite, and 80% sand + 20% bottom ash. Interruption layer with coarse sand with diameters over 2 mm of 20 cm and 10 cm loamy soil as the bottom layer of the column. The result showed that Kentucky bluegrass could grow in sand based growing media amended by peat, sandy loam soils, bottom ash and zeolite being irrigated by 2 dS m-1 saline water. Sand-based growing media amended by peat resulted in the highest clipping weigh but showed the highest salt accumulations. Sand amended by bottom ash and applied gypsum decreased clipping weigh, decreased SAR and increased calcium (Ca) when compared to the soil + peat (SP). Sand amended by zeolite and gypsum decreased clipping weight, decreased sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and higher Ca. Higher soil moisture retention of growing media promoted the growth of Kentucky bluegrass in spring, and lower moisture content promoted the growth in summer and fall season
Pi Logger : Low-cost Greenhouse Image and Environmental Data Collection System for Invigorating Smart Farm Propagation
No full textEffect of Shading and Mowing on the Growth of Indonesia’s Native Zoysia grass in Silty Clay Soil
No full textIn general, turfgrass grows well and forms high quality turf under full sun exposure. It is very difficult, however, to grow a warm season turfgrass under shaded condition. Zoysia grass is a popular warm season grass that commonly grow under full sun exposure condition. There are limited information regarding the growth response and turf quality of zoysia grass when grown under shaded condition. This study aims to observe the growth and quality of various zoysia grass local cultivars at different shading intensities and different mowing. This research was carried out using 10 zoysia grass cultivars planted in the rice fields’ vertisol clay with randomized complete block design. The shading used were control, shade-nets with 25% and 65% hole densities. Zoysia grass was fertilized using NPK; 4:1:3 and mowed three times. The results showed that plants without shade, 25% and 65% received on average solar irradiance of 25,141; 12,456 and 3,727 lux. The increase in shade level decreased the shoot fresh weight, dry weight, root dry weight and the plant height. Shading and frequent mowing effected the plant height. Mowing has more effect on plant height in 25% shading than in 65% shading. The increase in shading, in mowed grass showed increased plant height and decreased plant dry weight. Mowing three times can reduce plant height in all shades. The grasses under 25% shading resulted the highest plant dry weight; whereas and shading 65% resulted the lowest. Plant dry weight and uniformity of turf were affected by the cultivars
Comparison of Germination Characteristics and Various Pre-treatment Methods for Enhancing Germination on Zoysiagrass
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