1,721,171 research outputs found
Sickness absence and disability pension among women with breast cancer: a population-based cohort study from Sweden
No full textBackground: Women’s return to work after diagnosis of breast cancer (BC) is becoming more prevalent. However, register-based national investigation on sickness absence (SA) and disability pension (DP) in BC women is lacking. The aim of the study was to explore SA and DP before and after a first BC diagnosis and the possibility to predict new cancer-related SA by using disease-related and sociodemographic factors. Methods: A longitudinal register study of the 3536 women in Sweden aged 19–64 with a first BC diagnosis in 2010 was conducted by linkage of five nationwide registers. Particularly, detailed information on SA and DP was obtained from the National Social Insurance Agency. Descriptive statistics on SA and DP 2 years before through 3 years after the BC diagnosis were performed. The risk of having a new SA spell due to BC or BC-related diagnoses was modeled using logistic regression. Results: The proportion of women with SA increased during the year following the BC diagnosis date and declined over the next 2 years to proportions before diagnosis. At the time of BC diagnosis, half of the women began a new SA spell > 14 days with cancer, cancer-related, or mental diagnosis. Disease-related and sociodemographic factors including occupational sector, living area, age, cancer stage, educational level, and number of previous SA days showed statistical significance (p < 0.05) in predicting a new SA around BC diagnosis. By using these factors, it was possible to correctly predict 67% of the new SA spell. Conclusions: SA among women with BC was elevated mainly in the first year after diagnosis. New SA following BC diagnosis can accurately be predicted
Perinatal and familial risk factors of youth suicidal behaviour [Elektronisk resurs]
No full textCompleted suicide constitutes one of the leading causes of death in adolescents and young adults. Youth suicide attempt often precedes completed suicide and represents in itself a considerable public health problem in Sweden and in other European countries. The aims of this study were to 1) scrutinise trends in suicide mortality in adolescents compared to trends in an older age group and in relation to changes in reporting practices in European countries, 2) investigate the relation of maternal, pre- and perinatal factors with subsequent suicidal behaviour in young adults, 3) analyse the association of foetal and childhood growth and their interaction with subsequent suicide attempt by violent and nonviolent means, and finally 4) analyse the independent and interacting effects of familial and individual psychopathology as well as familial suicidal behaviour on suicide attempt in young adults. For this purpose, the WHO mortality database has been used for the analysis of European suicide trends from 1979 to 1996 in Study I. For the investigation of pre-and perinatal, childhood and familial factors in relation to subsequent suicidal behaviour up to seven Swedish registers were linked: the Medical Birth register, the 1990 Population and Housing Census, the Inpatient Care Register, the Cause of Death Register, the Multi Generation Register, the Military Service Conscription Register and the Register of the Total Population. The birth cohort 1973-80 was followed up to 1999 using a cohort study design in Study II and III, including 713,370 individuals in Study II and 318,953 males in Study III. In paper IV all individuals, who were born 1968-80 and who had attempted suicide (14,440 cases) until 1999 were matched for gender, county and month of birth with 144,400 controls. Suicide rates in adolescents increased for males in twenty-one and for females in eighteen of the thirty European countries during the 1980s and mid-1990s. These increases were generally accompanied by stable or decreasing trends in suicide rates of males and females of 20 years and over. In several countries changes in reporting practices affected to different degrees the temporal variations in adolescent suicide rates, primarily in males. Results from Study II revealed that teenage motherhood increased the risk of both suicide attempt and completion in adolescents and young adults. Multiparity and low maternal education predicted suicide attempt in young offspring. Preterm birth was a strong predictor for violent suicide attempt. Restricted foetal growth was associated with both suicide completion and attempt. The inverse association of foetal growth and suicide attempt did not seem to be modified by childhood growth (Study III). Decline in postnatal linear growth potential entailed an additional risk. Familial suicidal behaviour, primarily suicide attempt, and familial psychopathology, mainly substance abuse and personality disorders, were significantly associated with an increased risk of suicide attempt in young adults. There seemed to be an effect of familial suicidal behaviour as well as familial psychopathology on youth suicide attempt beyond the transmission of mental illness. Familial suicidal behaviour had a stronger effect on suicide attempt of early onset and on boys. Individual psychopathology, primarily substance abuse, affective and personality disorders, emerged as the strongest risk factor for suicide attempt in young adults. Significant interactions were also observed between psychopathology in index subjects and familial suicidal behaviour
Perinatal and familial risk factors of youth suicidal behaviour
No full textCompleted suicide constitutes one of the leading causes of death in adolescents and young adults. Youth suicide attempt often precedes completed suicide and represents in itself a considerable public health problem in Sweden and in other European countries.The aims of this study were to 1) scrutinise trends in suicide mortality in adolescents compared to trends in an older age group and in relation to changes in reporting practices in European countries, 2) investigate the relation of maternal, pre- and perinatal factors with subsequent suicidal behaviour in young adults, 3) analyse the association of foetal and childhood growth and their interaction with subsequent suicide attempt by violent and nonviolent means, and finally 4) analyse the independent and interacting effects of familial and individual psychopathology as well as familial suicidal behaviour on suicide attempt in young adults.For this purpose, the WHO mortality database has been used for the analysis of European suicide trends from 1979 to 1996 in Study I. For the investigation of pre-and perinatal, childhood and familial factors in relation to subsequent suicidal behaviour up to seven Swedish registers were linked: the Medical Birth register, the 1990 Population and Housing Census, the Inpatient Care Register, the Cause of Death Register, the Multi Generation Register, the Military Service Conscription Register and the Register of the Total Population. The birth cohort 1973-80 was followed up to 1999 using a cohort study design in Study II and III, including 713,370 individuals in Study II and 318,953 males in Study III. In paper IV all individuals, who were born 1968-80 and who had attempted suicide (14,440 cases) until 1999 were matched for gender, county and month of birth with 144,400 controls.Suicide rates in adolescents increased for males in twenty-one and for females in eighteen of the thirty European countries during the 1980s and mid-1990s. These increases were generally accompanied by stable or decreasing trends in suicide rates of males and females of 20 years and over. In several countries changes in reporting practices affected to different degrees the temporal variations in adolescent suicide rates, primarily in males.Results from Study II revealed that teenage motherhood increased the risk of both suicide attempt and completion in adolescents and young adults. Multiparity and low maternal education predicted suicide attempt in young offspring. Preterm birth was a strong predictor for violent suicide attempt. Restricted foetal growth was associated with both suicide completion and attempt. The inverse association of foetal growth and suicide attempt did not seem to be modified by childhood growth (Study III). Decline in postnatal linear growth potential entailed an additional risk.Familial suicidal behaviour, primarily suicide attempt, and familial psychopathology, mainly substance abuse and personality disorders, were significantly associated with an increased risk of suicide attempt in young adults. There seemed to be an effect of familial suicidal behaviour as well as familial psychopathology on youth suicide attempt beyond the transmission of mental illness. Familial suicidal behaviour had a stronger effect on suicide attempt of early onset and on boys. Individual psychopathology, primarily substance abuse, affective and personality disorders, emerged as the strongest risk factor for suicide attempt in young adults. Significant interactions were also observed between psychopathology in index subjects and familial suicidal behaviour.List of scientific papersI. Mittendorfer Rutz E, Wasserman D (2004). Trends in adolescent suicide mortality in the WHO European region. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 13(5): 321-31.II. Mittendorfer-Rutz E, Rasmussen F, Wasserman D (2004). Restricted fetal growth and adverse maternal psychosocial and socioeconomic conditions as risk factors for suicidal behaviour of offspring: a cohort study. Lancet. 364(9440): 1135-40. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15451220III. Mittendorfer Rutz E, Rasmussen F, Wasserman D (2005). Foetal and childhood growth and the risk of suicide attempt - a cohort study of 318,953 young men. [Submitted]IV. Mittendorfer Rutz E, Rasmussen F, Wasserman D (2005). Familial clustering of suicidal behaviour and psychopathology in young suicide attempters - a register-based nested case control study. [Manuscript]</p
Long-term sickness absence for psychiatric disorder : the association with staff downsizing, treatment, workplace-oriented rehabilitation, and subsequent cause-specific inpatient care and mortality
No full textPsychiatric disorders have increased as causes of long-term sickness absence in Sweden as well as in other countries. Still, there is limited research on psychiatric sickness absence. The overall objective of this thesis was to contribute to the knowledge of long-term sickness absence for psychiatric disorders, focusing on the associations with staff downsizing, treatment, workplace-oriented rehabilitation, and also subsequent inpatient care and mortality.In study I, aggregated data on psychiatric long-term sickness absence from AFA Insurance and information on staff numbers from the Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions was used. Seventeen county councils were examined. The results showed that staff downsizing was associated with subsequent increases in long-term sickness absence for psychiatric disorders. That is, the greater the staff reduction, the larger was the increase in psychiatric long-term sickness absence. The associations were similar in men and women as well as in different age groups, although statistical significance was only reached in the groups of women and middle-aged employees.Study II was based on employees (80% from the Swedish municipalities and county councils), initially long-term sick-listed for a psychiatric disorder who answered a questionnaire on, e.g., received treatment/rehabilitation. This information was linked to outcome data on sick leave. The results showed that those who reported having received workplace-oriented rehabilitation had reduced odds of subsequent sickness absence compared with those who did not. Drug treatment and physiotherapy, respectively, increased the odds of later sickness absence and disability pension.In study III-IV, employees (in November/year) within municipalities and county councils were examined. Register linkages was done between data on socio-demographic factors, sickness absence, inpatient care and mortality. The analyses revealed that psychiatric long-term sickness absence was associated with increased risk of subsequent cause-specific inpatient care and mortality.In summary, one finding of this thesis was that staff downsizing among county council employees was associated with later increase in psychiatric long-term sickness absence. Moreover, among employees with long-term sickness absence for a psychiatric disorder, workplace-oriented rehabilitation reduced the risk of subsequent sickness absence. Finally, psychiatric long-term sickness absence was associated with increased risk of later inpatient care and death due to cardiovascular disease, cancer and suicide attempt/suicide.List of scientific papersI. Bryngelson A, Mittendorfer-Rutz E, Fritzell J, Åsberg M, Nygren Å. Reduction in personnel and long-term sickness absence for psychiatric disorders among employees in Swedish county councils. An ecological population-based study. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine. 2011;53(6):658-662. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0b013e31821aa706 II. Bryngelson A, Mittendorfer-Rutz E, Jensen I, Lundberg U, Åsberg M, Nygren Å. Self-reported treatment, workplace-oriented rehabilitation, change of occupation and subsequent sickness absence and disability pension among employees long-term sick-listed for psychiatric disorders: a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open. 2012;2:e001704. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001704 III. Bryngelson A, Åsberg M, Nygren Å, Jensen I, Mittendorfer-Rutz E. Cause-specific inpatient care among employees long-term sick listed for a psychiatric disorder in Sweden 1990-2007: a prospective cohort study. [Submitted]IV. Bryngelson A, Åsberg M, Nygren Å, Jensen I, Mittendorfer-Rutz E. All-cause and cause-specific mortality after long-term sickness absence for psychiatric disorders: a prospective cohort study. [Accepted] https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0067887 </p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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