1,720,995 research outputs found
Reactive power market mechanism for pricing
Full text linkThe present master thesis addresses reactive power management, a crucial factor for the stability and effectiveness of power systems. Correct valuation and pricing of reactive power are important for efficient operation of power networks. In this contribution, we introduce a novel reactive power pricing mechanism, which we expect to be more realistic and reliable in contrast to existing approaches, and at the same time serve as a basis for future optimization approaches. The proof of concept of the proposed pricing algorithm is accomplished by implementation of Python-based simulator via PyPSA, which is a useful tool for network theory and optimization. The algorithm will help to compute reactive power price per unit at each bus, and total cost involved of reactive power in the power network.
As a case study, IEEE 30 and 33 Standard Bus system have been used. The simulation results show that the proposed price mechanism reflects the real situation in the environment and is suitable for comparison with the existing methods. Subsequently, the Power Flow (PF) analysis is executed, and results from the simulation are analyzed with and without reactive power market. To show reasons for higher prices at each bus and providing a solution to tackle those problems by realistic and reliable approach compared to existing methods.
With proper reactive power pricing mechanism, it can lead to reliable voltage stability, lower system loss operation of the power network. It is the combination of technicaleconomic operational reality, transparency and fairness that makes such a reactive power market an ideal market design for managing reactive power in modern and future power systems. This thesis adds to the literature by creating a methodological framework for proper price design of reactive power, which results in further study and practical implementation of such a market in the real power system
A Symmetric Review of Reactive Power Market Mechanism for Pricing
Full text linkThis thesis paper aims to explore various market mechanisms and pricing strategies for reactive power, assess operational regulations, and conduct a comparative analysis of these elements across different market setups. The unpredictable nature of renewable producers and price-responsive loads, the expensive computational effort, and the possible violation of the privacy of generators and load aggregators are all factors that may provide substantial issues for distribution network operators when it comes to administering the centralized energy market. In the presence of a significant amount of renewable energy sources, particularly hydropower, a model such as this one may provide the necessary adaptability to manage the variability and decentralization of power sources by including dispersed producing units into the grid.
By delving into these aspects, the paper seeks to identify optimal practices that can be adopted to improve reactive power management and pricing, providing actionable insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders
Modelling Hydrogen Technology and Systems with Techno-Economic Analysis for Stationary Energy Storage in the Norwegian Continental Shelf
Full text linkNorway, with its abundant renewable resources and forward-thinking approach to energy innovation, stands poised to tackle this challenge head-on. Positioned at the forefront of the energy transition, Norway is uniquely positioned to leverage its natural advantages to become a pivotal player in hydrogen production and storage. The ongoing initiatives, such as the hydrogen hubs in Hellesylt, Ørskog, and Tau, exemplify Norway's proactive approach to exploring innovative solutions for hydrogen storage.
Recent calculations underscore the economic viability of hydrogen storage, particularly in the Ørskog hub, where low-levelized costs have been projected to potentially reach as low as $0.183 per kilogram for an hourly cycle. This promising figure not only highlights the feasibility of hydrogen storage but also underscores the importance of strategic planning and investment in infrastructure. Factors such as capital expenditures (CAPEX), operational expenditures (OPEX), and the lifetime of equipment play pivotal roles in determining the overall cost-effectiveness of hydrogen storage solutions.
As Norway continues to pioneer advancements in renewable energy technologies and foster a conducive environment for innovation, the nation is poised to solidify its position as a trailblazer in the global transition towards a cleaner, more sustainable energy landscape. By capitalizing on its natural resources and embracing cutting-edge solutions like Power-to-Gas systems, Norway is paving the way for a future where net-zero emissions are not just aspirational goals but tangible realities
Optimal route management for mobile energy storage considering construction sites
Full text linkThe construction sector is gradually increasing its energy requirements due to the growing scale of projects worldwide, including in Norway. This has led to a need for renewable energy solutions, particularly Mobile Energy Storage Systems (MESS). This thesis presents a detailed optimization model for MESS transportation management developed to prioritize route optimization. This optimization model uses a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) approach with different parameters, decision variables, objective functions, and constraints. In the initial step, this model was solved by heuristic methods using the PuLP library and the CBC solver. After encountering difficulties handling complex limitations, a dynamic programming model was developed to address these issues. Several study cases are formulated to validate the model, including scalability checks. Although the model has potential, more research is needed to customize it for real-world issues
Implementation of advanced control and optimization algorithms on integrated Photovoltaic (PV) and Electrolysers system for sustainability
Full text linkThe European Union (EU) has set an ambitious target to reach carbon neutrality by 2050, prompting industries to develop roadmaps to achieve this goal. In this context, hydrogen and hydrogen-based fuels play a crucial role in achieving net-zero emissions. Instead of relying on hydrogen production from steam reforming natural gas systems, electrolysers offer a sustainable alternative to address climate and energy challenges although they have higher production cost at the moment.
The integration of solar energy systems with electrolysers can further diminish carbon emissions and enhance sustainability. Typically, these processes are simulated using process simulation software platforms that employ first-principle models based on the mass and energy balances within the system. The adoption of Model Predictive Control (MPC) algorithms not only benefit from improves advance control methods and optimization but also facilitates the automation and efficient operation of these processes.
This study aims to mathematically model and simulate an integrated photovoltaic (PV) and Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) water electrolyser system for hydrogen production. A detailed model of the PEM electrolyser has been presented based on the mass balance equation of anode, cathode and membrane part in addition to overpotential simulation. Additionally, energy balance equation has been derived to be able to model and simulate MPC algorithm. Finally, the study identifies the successful temperature tracking of the PEM electrolyser using MPC algorithms which designed based on linear state space form model
Models for Modern Power Distribution System Planning. Kaasaegsete jaotusv\uf5rkude planeerimise mudelid
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Optimal Energy Management Strategies for Data Centers
Full text linkData centers, the heart of the digital infrastructure, have been an integral part of daily life. It is expected that demand for cloud computing will rise due to the industry's rapid growth and AI scale-up. This thesis provides a comprehensive analysis of data center operations, focusing on scale and performance. It highlights how underutilized backup resources can be proposed as batteries to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of the power grid, potentially offering financial benefits to data center operators.
Key load balancing strategies such as time shifting, geography shifting, power load adjustment, and UPS energy storage are thoroughly studied, showing how they improve data center flexibility. The load curve analysis under different loading, as well as the corresponding load factor, reveals the energy resources that can be optimized. To maximize profit, an Excel model takes into account workload prioritization, load curves, revenue generation, and electricity costs. Grid optimization and location feasibility are guided by load flow analyses and simulations in DIgSILENT PowerFactory.
Future research could improve these optimization strategies, explore their application in diverse contexts, and incorporate AI and machine learning for greater efficiency. Contingency analysis is suggested for further studies on grid reliability, aiming to balance energy consumption and enhance grid stability
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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