1,720,961 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Determinants of the American Foreign Policy towards Pakistan
No full textCette étude vise à identifier les facteurs ou déterminants de la politique étrangère américaine envers le Pakistan. Les relations pakistano-américaines affectent la vie de millions de personnes dans le monde, ce qui établit l'importance de cette étude. Le Pakistan occupe une position vitale dans le dispositif américain de politique étrangère en raison de la guerre en cours contre le terrorisme mais aussi des desseins américains dans la région de l'Asie du Sud. Le paradigme théorique réaliste néoclassique et la théorie de la prise de décision ont été choisis pour la réalisation de l'étude. Deux catégories de déterminants de la politique étrangère américaine envers le Pakistan ont été identifiées. Tout d'abord, les déterminants au niveau de l’individu et de l'Etat, comprenant l’intérêt national américain dans la région, l’amoralité, la politique intérieure et les acteurs, le leadership, et la promotion de la démocratie au Pakistan. En second lieu, les déterminants aux niveaux régional et international d'analyse, à savoir l'importance géostratégique du Pakistan, les armes nucléaires du Pakistan, la considération de puissance, le facteur indien, l'Afghanistan et la guerre contre le terrorisme. L'étude conclut que la méfiance endémique prévaudra parmi les alliés, mais que ses effets négatifs seront atténués par les considérations géostratégiques de la région.This study intended to find out the factors or determinants that shape the American foreign policy towards Pakistan. Pak-US relations affect the lives of millions of the people around the globe, thus establishing the importance of the study. Pakistan holds a vital position with the American foreign policy dispositions because of: the ongoing war against terrorism, and the American grand designs in the South Asian region. Neoclassical realism as the theoretical paradigm, and the lenses of poliheuristic theory of decision-making were used for the conduct of the study. Two categories of the determinants of the American foreign policy towards Pakistan were pointed out. First, Individual and State level determinants, comprising the American national interest in the region, amoralism, domestic politics and actors, leadership, and democracy promotion in Pakistan. Second, determinants lying at Regional and International level of analysis, namely: the geostrategic importance of Pakistan, Pakistan’s nuclear weapons, power considerations, the Indian factor, Afghanistan and the War against terrorism. The study concludes that the endemic mistrust will prevail among the allies, but that its negative effects will be mitigated by the geostrategic considerations in the region
Les déterminants de politique étrangère américaine envers le Pakistan
No full textCette étude vise à identifier les facteurs ou déterminants de la politique étrangère américaine envers le Pakistan. Les relations pakistano-américaines affectent la vie de millions de personnes dans le monde, ce qui établit l'importance de cette étude. Le Pakistan occupe une position vitale dans le dispositif américain de politique étrangère en raison de la guerre en cours contre le terrorisme mais aussi des desseins américains dans la région de l'Asie du Sud. Le paradigme théorique réaliste néoclassique et la théorie de la prise de décision ont été choisis pour la réalisation de l'étude. Deux catégories de déterminants de la politique étrangère américaine envers le Pakistan ont été identifiées. Tout d'abord, les déterminants au niveau de l’individu et de l'Etat, comprenant l’intérêt national américain dans la région, l’amoralité, la politique intérieure et les acteurs, le leadership, et la promotion de la démocratie au Pakistan. En second lieu, les déterminants aux niveaux régional et international d'analyse, à savoir l'importance géostratégique du Pakistan, les armes nucléaires du Pakistan, la considération de puissance, le facteur indien, l'Afghanistan et la guerre contre le terrorisme. L'étude conclut que la méfiance endémique prévaudra parmi les alliés, mais que ses effets négatifs seront atténués par les considérations géostratégiques de la région.This study intended to find out the factors or determinants that shape the American foreign policy towards Pakistan. Pak-US relations affect the lives of millions of the people around the globe, thus establishing the importance of the study. Pakistan holds a vital position with the American foreign policy dispositions because of: the ongoing war against terrorism, and the American grand designs in the South Asian region. Neoclassical realism as the theoretical paradigm, and the lenses of poliheuristic theory of decision-making were used for the conduct of the study. Two categories of the determinants of the American foreign policy towards Pakistan were pointed out. First, Individual and State level determinants, comprising the American national interest in the region, amoralism, domestic politics and actors, leadership, and democracy promotion in Pakistan. Second, determinants lying at Regional and International level of analysis, namely: the geostrategic importance of Pakistan, Pakistan’s nuclear weapons, power considerations, the Indian factor, Afghanistan and the War against terrorism. The study concludes that the endemic mistrust will prevail among the allies, but that its negative effects will be mitigated by the geostrategic considerations in the region
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
PRINCIPLES, NORMS AND STRATEGIES OF THE US GLOBAL CYBERSPACE GOVERNANCE
Full text linkThis study examines the United States\u27 (US) approach to global cyber governance, including the principles, strategies, and norms the US intends to promote in cyberspace. This also discusses why the US is unwilling to share cyberspace governance with other great powers. While utilizing the official policies and strategies of the US as primary sources, this study identifies that the core principles of US cyber governance encompass a free and open internet, a multi-stakeholder approach, collaboration with allies, and maintaining a stable and secure digital landscape. However, it is criticised for its approach to data privacy, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) control, mass surveillance programs against foes and allies, and its disagreement with other states on cyberspace governance.
Bibliography Entry
Ashraf, Nageen and Muhammad Nadeem Mirza. 2025. "Principles, Norms and Strategies of the US Global Cyberspace Governance." Margalla Papers 29 (1): 41-54
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