109,550 research outputs found
(d) Midash waḳf Shurbadji Mirza
No full textSimaïka Marcus H., Greg Robert Hyde, Home John, Ghalib Kamil Osman, 'Amrusi Ahmad Fahmi al-, Pauty Edmond, Ahmad Mahmud. (d) Midash waḳf Shurbadji Mirza. In: Comité de Conservation des Monuments de l'Art Arabe. Fascicule 38, exercice 1936-1940, 1944. p. 55
Bloomberg New Contemporaries 2016
No full textCurator of open exhibition selected with Anya Gallaccio, Haroon Mirza and Alan Kane. Launched Bluecoat, Liverpool as part of Liverpool Biennial and toured to ICA, London
Akhlak Menurut Ahmadiyah : Dalam Kitab Minhāj al-Ṭhālibīn Karya Mirza Bayiruddin Mahmud Ahmad
No full textAkhlak merupakan ajaran yang penting dalam Islam yang bertujuan membawa keselamatan bagi kehidupan umat manusia. Meningkatkan pendidikan akhlak bagi generasi sekarang maupun yang akan datang dianggap sangat perlu ditengah terjadinya berbagai krisis yang menimpa kehidupan manusia, mulai dari krisis sosial, krisis struktural, hingga krisis moral.
Dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode deskriptif analitis untuk menjawab permasalahan mengenai bagaimana konsep akhlak Mirza Basyiruddin dalam kitab Minhāj al-Ṭhālibīn, serta apa urgensi akhlak dalam kitab Minhāj al-Ṭhālibīn. Penulis mendeskripsikan secara terperinci terkait permasalahan tersebut, kemudian menganalisisnya agar diperoleh pemahaman secara komprehensif. Sementara teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah library research melalui pembedahan terhadap submer primer karya Hadhrat Maulana Al-Hajj Mirza Basyiruddin Mahmud Ahmad r.a. Khalifatul Masih II dalam Ahmadiyah, kemudian dikomparasikan dengan referensi lain yang menunjang.
Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa buku yang ditulis oleh Mirza Basyiruddin yang berjudul Minhāj al-Ṭhālibīn termasuk salah satu buku akhlak yang sangat relevan dijadikan rujukan untuk mendidik generasi akhlak saat ini maupun yang akan datang
Boothiella tetraspora Lodhi & J. H. Mirza
No full textBoothiella tetraspora Lodhi & J.H. Mirza, Mycologia 54(2): 217 (1962) (Figure 4) Index Fungorum number: IF 327083 Isolated from intestinal contents of dead American bullfrog larvae. Sexual morph on PDA: Mycelium 3–5 μm wide, hyaline to yellow pale, thick-walled, branched, septate, with granules. Ascomata 260–370 × 240–330 μm (x̅ =245 × 285 μm, n=10), globose to subglobose, solitary or gregarious, superficial to immersed on PDA, brown to dark brown or black, membranaceous, glabrous, without ostiolate. Ascomatal wall composed of membranaceous, subhyaline to pale brown cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium not observed. Asci 80–100 × 15–20 μm (x̅ =87.5 × 15.5 μm, n=20), unitunicate, four-spored, clavate to broadly cylindrical, apically round, short pedicellate, furcate pedicel, evanescent. Ascospores 20–30 × 10–20 μm (x̅ = 24 × 14.5 μm, n=20), ovoid to ellipsoidal, hyaline to yellowish brown to dark brown, aseptate, rough to verruculose, sometimes visible a germ pore at one or each end, without sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Culture characteristics: Colonies growing on PDA reach 30–40 mm in diameter after one week at 27 °C, forming the brown to dark brown fruiting bodies within one month in PDA. Obverse: flat, velvety, hairy, pale brown, entire edge. Reverse: yellowish brown. Without pigments produced in PDA. Known substratum: Soil (Lodhi & Mirza 1962, Wang et al. 2019); Sand (Wang et al. 2019); Intestinal contents of dead American bullfrog larvae (this study). Known Distribution: Pakistan (Lodhi & Mirza 1962); Spain, India (Wang et al. 2019), China (This study). Material examined: China, Yunnan Province, Qujing Normal University, intestinal contents of dead American bullfrog larvae, GPS: 103°44’35”E, 25°30’46”N, 1856.6 m, Wen-hua Lu, ER 4, (Herb. HKAS 125767), living culture KUNCC22-12510. Notes: Based on detailed descriptions of Boothiella tetraspora, our isolate KUNCC 22-12510 fits with previous strains in morphology, forming brown to dark brown ascomata, with globose to subglobose, superficial to immersed, non-ostiolate, additionally, both strains almost have the same size of asci and ascospores, with four-spored asci, ovoid to ellipsoidal conidia (Lodhi & Mirza 1962, Wang et al. 2019). Phylogenetically, our isolate KUNCC 22-12510 clustered with Boothiella tetraspora (CBS 334.67 and CBS 887.97) with reliable statistical supports (99% ML /1 BYPP, Figure 2). The BLASTn results of ITS, LSU, tub2, and rpb2 region demonstrate 99–100% similarity with Boothiella tetraspora strains (CBS 334.67 and CBS 887.97). Therefore, our isolate KUNCC 22-12510 is identified as B. tetraspora, a new host and country record based on morphological features combined with phylogeny evidence.Published as part of Yang, Erfu, Lu, Wenhua, Tibpromma, Saowaluck, Dai, Dongqin, Gao, Ying, Promputtha, Itthayakorn & Karunarathna, Samantha C., 2023, Three interesting fungi from American bullfrog larvae (Rana catesbeiana) in Yunnan, China, pp. 251-268 in Phytotaxa 587 (3) on pages 258-259, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.587.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/774440
Characterization of uncultured Frankia strains by 16S rRNA sequence analysis
No full textStudies on the root nodules of Coriaria nepalensis using light and electron microscope revealed that the nodule structure and morphology of the endophyte is unique among the actinorhizal plants and similar only to those of Datisca cannabina. Plant cells containing the endophyte were relatively enlarged as compared to the non-infected cells. Transverse sections of the nodules revealed that the infected cells form a compact kidney-shaped zone around the stele which is located on one side of the nodule lobe. Inside the host cell, the hyphae of the endophyte were located in the peripheral region of the cytoplasm whilst the elongate vesicles were present near the central vacuole. Host cell mitochondria were abundant and mostly found in close vicinity of the hyphal/vesicular junction of the endophyte. In situ hybridization studies showed localization of the nifH mRNA within the elongate vesicles of the endophyte. The results indicate that the elongate vesicles of the Coriaria nodule endophyte are functionally identical to the spherical vesicles of the Alnus endophyte.Acetylene reduction (C 2 H 2 reduction) and uptake hydrogenase activity of the root nodules of Coriaria nepalensis and Datisca cannabina were measured to study seasonal fluctuations in the enzyme activities. Nitrogenase activity of the nodules of both plants showed biphasic curves with peaks in spring and late summer. Less than 15% of the enzyme activity was retained by the nodules in winter. Results showed that maximum nitrogenase activity coincides with the period of vigorous plant growth in both hosts. Uptake hydrogenase activity was detected in nodules of both plants throughout the year. The peak enzyme activity in both Coriaria and Datisca nodules was recorded in May. Vesicle cluster fraction of the crushed nodule suspensions showed the highest uptake hydrogenase activity, indicating that the enzyme is associated with the endophyte.Nine Frankia-like a ctinomycetes were isolated from root nodules of Coriaria nepalensis. All isolates formed hyphae and sporangia typical of Frankia, but failed to induce nodules on Coriaria seedlings, or reduce acetylene in pure culture. The relationship of these strains to atypical and typical Frankia strains isolated from other actinorhizal plants and various other actinomycetes was investigated by comparing fatty acid patterns. All Frankia strains, including atypical isolates, showed fatty acid profiles distinct from those of Actinomyces , Geodermatophilus , Nocardia , Mycobacterium and Streptomyces. ForFrankia strains a characteristic pattern of five fatty acids was found that comprised 75% or more of the total content. Three subgroups were identified among 30 Frankia strains compared. Atypical strains isolated from Coriaria were found in the largest subgroup which contained most Frankia strains from other hosts, while ineffective strains from other hosts were distributed in all three subgroups.Non-infective, atypical strains isolated from Coriaria nodules were characterized further by partial 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Ribosomal RNA isolated from all atypical strains hybridized strongly with a Frankia genus probe and indicated that the isolates did belong to the genus Frankia. This was confirmed for two of the isolates (Cn3 and Cn7) from Coriaria nodules by comparison of partial 16S rRNA sequences of the cloned amplification products. Both isolates showed about 95% sequence homology to those of the confirmed Frankia strains from other hosts. Similar high homology values were obtained when 16S rRNA sequences of Cn3 and Cn7 were compared with those of the amplification products obtained directly from nodules of Coriaria nepalensis. In two variable regions compared, none of the isolates showed identical sequences to those obtained from nodules. These results suggest that the isolates are members of the genus Frankia , but different from the strain identified within the root nodules of Coriaria by 16S rRNA sequence analysis.The endophyte of the root nodules of Datisca cannabina was identified as Frankia by sequence analysis of the partial 16S rRNA gene, amplified directly from the nodules by polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, 16S rRNA sequence analysis indicated that the endophyte of Datisca nodules is closely related to that of the Coriaria nodule endophyte, to which it also resembles morphologically in the symbiotic state. Relatedness of the endophytes of Coriaria and Datisca nodules was further proved by the closely related nifH sequences obtained from the nodules by PCR. 16S rRNA sequence analysis of the non-infective atypical strain Dc2 obtained from the Datisca nodules revealed its close relationship to the genus Frankia.Nodulation in Datisca was achieved with crushed nodule suspensions from both Coriaria and Datisca , whereas various pure Frankia strains failed to induce nodulation. The origin of the endophyte in Datisca nodules induced by crushed nodules of Coriaria collected from Murree (Pakistan) was investigated by comparing partial 16S rRNA sequences with those of the endophytes of both plants. The sequences in the variable region were found to be identical to those of Coriaria nodule endophyte, confirming that the endophyte of Coriaria can cross-nodulate Datisca plants. Acetylene reduction by the root nodules indicated effectiveness of the nodules. Coriaria seedlings could only be nodulated by crushed nodule suspensions of Coriaria nepalensis. All pure cultures of Frankia including atypical strains used as single inoculum or in combination with the nodule filtrate, failed to induce nodulation on Coriaria seedlings.Sequence information obtained from the root nodules of Coriaria and Datisca by PCR amplification of partial 16S rRNA gene of the endophyte, was used to develop an oligonucleotide probe. The probe was designed against the V6 variable region of the 16S rRNA that was identical in the 16S rRNA of the endophytes of Coriaria and Datisca. The probe did not cross-react with RNA of typical and atypical Frankia strains isolated from Alnus , Casuarina , Colletia , Comptonia , Elaeagnus and Hippophae.To investigate the presence of Frankia strains infective on Coriaria and Datisca , soil samples were collected from different areas of Pakistan and used as inoculum. Three types of soil samples i.e. rhizosphere soil, non-rhizosphere soil and soil from sites effected by erosion were used to inoculate seedlings of Coriaria and Datisca. Abundance of compatible Frankia strains in most areas was indicated by profuse nodulation of the host plants, while soil samples from Athmokam and Puddar failed to induce nodulation on Coriaria seedlings. Exceptionally good nodulation of Coriaria and Datisca with soil samples collected from Abbottabad and Kaghan respectively, reflects abundance of compatible Frankia strains in the soils. This also indicates that these soils can be used effectively as an inoculum for large scale inoculation programmes instead of nodules that are difficult to obtain throughout the year.Successful nodulation of plants inoculated with soil suspensions can confirm the existence of compatible Frankia cells, but the possibility of the presence of more than one infective strain cannot be ruled out. Genetic diversity among the Frankia strains in Datisca nodules originaly induced by soil inoculum collected from different areas of Pakistan, was determined by sequence analysis of 16S rRNA. Part of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified from nodules and the cloned PCR products were screened initially with a Frankia genus probe and then with the specific probe. Three categories of the clones were identified i.e. those reacting with both probes and those hybridizing with only the Frankia genus probe, or only with the probe specific for the Datisca endophyte. Four types of Frankia sequences and one non -Frankia sequence were identified by sequence analysis of the cloned PCR products. The results suggest the presence of more than one Datisca- compatible Frankia strains in the soils collected from different areas
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Fine-Grained Complexity of Multiple Domination and Dominating Patterns in Sparse Graphs
No full textThe study of domination in graphs has led to a variety of dominating set problems studied in the literature. Most of these follow the following general framework: Given a graph G and an integer k, decide if there is a set S of k vertices such that (1) some inner connectivity property ϕ(S) (e.g., connectedness) is satisfied, and (2) each vertex v satisfies some domination property ρ(S, v) (e.g., there is some s ∈ S that is adjacent to v).
Since many real-world graphs are sparse, we seek to determine the optimal running time of such problems in both the number n of vertices and the number m of edges in G. While the classic dominating set problem admits a rather limited improvement in sparse graphs (Fischer, Künnemann, Redzic SODA'24), we show that natural variants studied in the literature admit much larger speed-ups, with a diverse set of possible running times. Specifically, using fast matrix multiplication we devise efficient algorithms which in particular yield the following conditionally optimal running times if the matrix multiplication exponent ω is equal to 2:
- r-Multiple k-Dominating Set (each vertex v must be adjacent to at least r vertices in S): If r ≤ k-2, we obtain a running time of (m/n)^{r} n^{k-r+o(1)} that is conditionally optimal assuming the 3-uniform hyperclique hypothesis. In sparse graphs, this fully interpolates between n^{k-1± o(1)} and n^{2± o(1)}, depending on r. Curiously, when r = k-1, we obtain a randomized algorithm beating (m/n)^{k-1} n^{1+o(1)} and we show that this algorithm is close to optimal under the k-clique hypothesis.
- H-Dominating Set (S must induce a pattern H). We conditionally settle the complexity of three such problems: (a) Dominating Clique (H is a k-clique), (b) Maximal Independent Set of size k (H is an independent set on k vertices), (c) Dominating Induced Matching (H is a perfect matching on k vertices). For all sufficiently large k, we provide algorithms with running time (m/n)m^{(k-1)/2+o(1)} for (a) and (b), and m^{k/2+o(1)} for (c). We show that these algorithms are essentially optimal under the k-Orthogonal Vectors Hypothesis (k-OVH). This is in contrast to H being the k-Star, which is susceptible only to a very limited improvement, with the best algorithm running in time n^{k-1 ± o(1)} in sparse graphs under k-OVH
Mirza Ghulam Ahmad and the construction of the Ahmadiyya identity.
No full textThe presence of Jama'at-i Ahmadiyya has reinvigorated the debate on Islamic orthodoxy in South Asia's Muslim mainstream. Assessing Mirza Ghulam Ahmad's career has been made difficult by the polarized nature of the questions surrounding his reputation, which oscillate between messianic saviour and antichrist, where one extreme represents pristine orthodoxy and the other represents a perverse infidelity beyond the pale of Islam. The pre-eminence of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad over his disciples, the esoteric ambiguity of his spiritual claims, the emphasis that he placed on internal and external reform, and the exclusivity of his early community of followers are all indicative of a medieval Sufi order. However, the advent of modernity and the politics of colonial subjugation influenced and shaped the development of an unexpected Ahmadi identity which evolved in an increasingly globalized world. The Ahmadi identity is not wholly based on Mirza Ghulam Ahmad's controversial claims, but is also a result of the socio-political context of the early twentieth century South Asian environment from which it emerged. British rule in India initiated a reassessment of Muslim institutions and an evaluation of Muslim political autonomy leading up to the partition. Jama'at-i Ahmadiyya's involvement in major political crises, such as the conflict in Kashmir, the partition of India itself, and the Punjab disturbances of 1953, gradually led to the politicization of Ahmadi Islam. As the notion of Ahmadiyyat became increasingly politicized, the formation of the Ahmadi identity evolved, and the dichotomy between Ahmadiyyat and Islam widened. This study traces the development of the Ahmadiyya identity from its Sufi style beginnings to a formalized construct that has the potential of shedding its Islamic origins altogether. As this process progresses, Ahmadiyyat may develop into a unique religious movement with a distinct religious identity that is separate from Islam
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
- …
