1,008 research outputs found
Gender Differences in Child Health-care Practices: Evidence from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey, 1990-91
No full textAmong other factors, health care utilisation is important in determining the health status and survival chances of children. The patterns of childhood mortality, in general, indicate that deaths of male children have consistently exceeded those of females, with a much greater difference in the first month of birth (NNR). This has largely been attributed to differences in the genetic and biological factors between the sexes [Lopez and Ruzika (1983)]. The mortality level, thereafter, is influenced more by the socio-economic, environmental, and health care factors, indicating a mortality disadvantage for females in some populations. It has therefore been postulated that gender-based differences in health care practices partly explain the sex differentials in child mortality in some countries of South Asia, where healthseeking behaviour of parents discriminates against female children [Chen, et al. (1981); Das Gupta (1987); Sathar (1987); Ahmed (1990)]. Using data from Bangladesh, Chen, Haq, and D’Souza (1981) found that girls’ mortality risk was nearly 60 percent higher than that for boys after the neonatal period, and that girl children suffered more malnutrition and received lesser treatment for various infections. Das Gupta (1987) and Muhuri and Preston (1991) also explained the excess mortality of girls with a surviving elder sister in terms of conscious, selective neglect of the second daughter. Waldron (1983) in her extensive review of child mortality patterns in developing countries concluded that besides relative contributions of specific causes of death with different impact by sex, the variability in discrimination by gender, primarily in nutrition and health care utilisation, also contributes to excess female child mortality.
Transmit Beamforming Methods for the Frequency Diverse Array
No full textA Master of Science thesis in Electrical Engineering by Mobeen Mahmood entitled, “Transmit Beamforming Methods for the Frequency Diverse Array”, submitted in May 2019. Thesis advisor is Dr. Hasan Mir. Soft and hard copy available.College of EngineeringDepartment of Electrical EngineeringMaster of Science in Electrical Engineering (MSEE
miR-146a and miR-150 promote the differentiation of CD133+ cells into T-lymphoid lineage
No full textMicroRNAs control the genes involved in hematopoietic stem cell (HSCs) survival, proliferation and differentiation. The over-expression of miR-146 and miR-150 has been reported during differentiation of HSCs into T-lymphoid lineage. Therefore, in this study we evaluated the effect of their over-expression on CD133+ cells differentiation to T cells. miR-146a and miR-150 were separately and jointly transduced to human cord blood derived CD133+ cells (>97 % purity). We used qRT-PCR to assess the expression of CD2, CD3ε, CD4, CD8, CD25, T cell receptor alpha (TCR-α) and Ikaros genes in differentiated cells 4 and 8 days after transduction of the miRNAs. Following the over-expression of miR-146a, significant up-regulation of CD2, CD4, CD25 and Ikaros genes were observed (P < 0.01). On the other hand, over-expression of miR-150 caused an increase in the expression of Ikaros, CD4, CD25 and TCR-α. To evaluate the combinatorial effect of miR-146a and miR-150, transduction of both miRNAs was concurrently performed which led to increase in the expression of Ikaros, CD4 and CD3 genes. In conclusion, it seems that the effect of miR-150 and miR-146a on the promotion of T cell differentiation is time-dependant. Moreover, miRNAs could be used either as substitutes or complements of the conventional differentiation protocols for higher efficiency
Investigation of the role of deregulated miR-654 and miR-4454 in melanoma pathogenesis and progress
No full textInvestigation of the role of deregulated miR-654 and miR-4454 in melanoma pathogenesis and progress.
Farah Mahmood, Jaclyn Doucette, Julianna Doucette, Sankhiros Babapoor, PhD.
The incidence of melanoma has continually increased mortality rates over the past decade in the United States. In 2013, it was estimated that 76,690 individuals (both male and female) were diagnosed with new cases of cutaneous melanoma, and out of those cases, 9,480 resulted in death. MicroRNA(miRNA)s are endogenous, 22 nucleotide non-coding small RNAs, which can regulate gene expression in animals and plants by complementary base-pairing to the mRNAs of target genes- which specifies mRNA cleavage or translation repression. We have established a distinct set of miRNAs associated with invasive and aggressive melanoma phenotypes and investigated their role in the invasion and migration of malignant melanoma cell lines Sk-Mel-26 and A375P. Recently Liu et al. 2022 reported a tumor-suppressing function for miR654-5p in colorectal cancer. This microRNA was one of the highlighted microRNAs in our previous study. We showed in the previous studies that miR-4454 acts as a tumor suppressor in A375P cells using invasion and migration of assay which we repeated the assay with Sk-Mel-26 cell line too. After seeding the cells and transfecting them with miR-654 or miR-4454, a control scrambled sequence, and miR-654 or miR-4454 inhibitor (upon reaching 60%-70% confluency, cells were well subjected to a scratch and were imaged at different time points. Image J (NIH website) was used to measure the area between the edges of the scratched monolayer from at least three locations per well at different time points. These results were compared against a control cell, transfected with a scrambled sequence but did not generate any miRNA. After transfecting A-375P and Sk-Mel-26 cells with miR-4454 the migration rate significantly increased (P-value= 0.01 and P-value= 0.018 accordingly) after 48h post scratch. The migration of transfected cells with miR-654 significantly decreased after 24h and 48h (p-value=0.00019). Thus, miR-4454 acts as an oncomir and miR-654 can be considered a tumor suppressor where their upregulation is associated with a decrease in melanoma cell proliferation and migration. Our work with inhibitors (specifically miR-654inhibitor) did not produce predicted results (no significant reversing effect) which might be due to the endogenous level of the microRNA and it will need future investigation using real-time RT-PCR
sj-tif-1-jao-10.1177_03913988221103285 – Supplemental material for Synergistic effect of miR-9 overexpression and electrical induction on differentiation of conjunctiva mesenchymal stem cells into photoreceptor-like cells
No full textSupplemental material, sj-tif-1-jao-10.1177_03913988221103285 for Synergistic effect of miR-9 overexpression and electrical induction on differentiation of conjunctiva mesenchymal stem cells into photoreceptor-like cells by Mahmood Naderi and Samad Nadri in The International Journal of Artificial Organs</p
Infopreneurship from the Perspective of Great Infopreneurs: an interview with Dan Poynter
No full textDan Poynter is author of more than 130 books, has been a publisher since 1969, and is a Certified Speaking Professional (CSP). He is an evangelist for books, an ombudsman for authors, an advocate for publishers, and the godfather to thousands of successfully published books. In this interview Poynter offers his point of view towards infopreneurship in context
Mir-302 cluster exhibits tumor suppressor properties on human unrestricted somatic stem cells
No full textMany studies have reported that miR-302-367 cluster acts in different ways in various cell types. For instance, this cluster is shown to have a potential role in stemness regulation in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). On the other hand, this cluster inhibits the tumorigenicity of human pluripotent stem cells by coordinated suppression of CDK2 and CDK4/6 cell cycle pathways. Indeed, this cluster has a significant posttranscriptional impact on cell cycle progression. Previous reports have shown the participation of miR-302-367 cluster in cell cycle regulation of hESCs, MCF7, HepG2, and Teta-2 embryonal teratocarcinoma cells, but its effect on unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSCs) as a new source of human somatic stem cells from the umbilical cord blood remains to be elucidated. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of miR-302-367 cluster on cell proliferation by MTT assay, cell cycle analysis, and colony formation assay. In addition, the expression of candidate cell cycle regulatory performance and tumor suppressor genes was determined. In this study, for the first time, we found that miR-302-367 cluster not only did not reprogram human USSCs into a pluripotent ESC-like state, but also inhibited the proliferation of human USSCs. Moreover, analyzing the cell cycle curve revealed a significant apoptotic phase upon viral introduction of miR-302-367. Our gene expression study revealed the overexpression of candidate genes after transduction of USSCs with miR-302-367 cluster. In conclusion, the controversial role of miR-302-367 in different cell types may provide better understanding for its role in stemness level and its antitumorigenicity potential in different contexts
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Severe Decline in Mir-20a and Mir-92a in the Context of the Mir-17-92 Cluster: Ideal Biomarkers of Various COPD Subtypes
No full textChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is going to be the third leading cause of death by 2020. Circulating miRNAs are among the most beneficial feasible non-aggressive biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. Among members of the significant miR-17-92 cluster, miR-20a and miR-92a are greatly involved in both inflammation and hypoxia (known as the main reasons for COPD comorbidities). Thus, the expression of these miRNAs was evaluated in the serum of 26 patients and 19 controls using the sensitive stem-loop RT-qPCR approach. The results revealed a significant reduction of these miRNAs in patients relative to controls (P<0.001). Decreased expression of miR-20a in a patient might reflect a progressive stage of the disease. MiR-92a might be used as an early-detection biomarker of COPD. These miRNAs can be used as therapeutic targets specifically in the context of the miR-17-92 cluster to address the various clinicopathological aspects of the disease
Teoría feminista y el agente social dócil: algunas reflexiones sobre el renacimiento islámico en Egipto
No full textThis article was originally published by Saba Mahmood in the journal Cultural Anthropology, volume 16, number 2, in 2001 with the title: «Feminist Theory, Embodiment, and the Docile Agent: Some Reflections on the Egyptian Islamic Revival». In 2008, the article was published in Spanish in a book edited by Liliana Suárez Navaz y Rosalva Aída Hérnandez Castillo in Cátedra: Descolonizando el feminismo: teorías y prácticas desde los márgenes. In the article, Saba Mahmood, who recently passed away, deals with a main debate in feminist theory: social agency. Through an analysis of the piety movement in Egypt in the 1990s and precisely of the study of five mosques in El Cairo, the author questions the consideration of social agency as a synonym of resistance to domination relations, which prevents the study of movements as the one she studies. She offers a conceptualization of agency as capacity of action that is habilitated and created inside specific historical relations of subordination.Este texto fue originalmente publicado por Saba Mahmood en la revista Cultural Anthropology en el volumen 16, número 2, del año 2001 con el título: «Feminist Theory, Embodiment, and the Docile Agent: Some Reflections on the Egyptian Islamic Revival». En el año 2008, el texto fue publicado en castellano en un libro editado por Liliana Suárez Navaz y Rosalva Aída Hérnandez Castillo en Cátedra: Descolonizando el feminismo: teorías y prácticas desde los márgenes. En él, la autora recientemente fallecida, aborda un debate central en la teoría feminista, la agencia social. A través del análisis del movimiento de la piedad en el Egipto de los años 90 y concretamente del estudio de cinco mezquitas en El Cairo, Mahmood cuestiona que se considere la agencia social como un sinónimo de resistencia a las relaciones de dominación, lo que impide el estudio de movimientos como el que ella estudia, y aboga por una concepción de la agencia como capacidad de acción que se habilita y crea en relaciones de subordinación históricamente específicas
- …
