1,720,985 research outputs found
APPRENDIMENTO DI AMBIENTE E NAVIGAZIONE: QUANDO IL GENERE, LE ABILITÀ E LE CREDENZE SPAZIALI SONO IMPORTANTI
No full textApprendere gli ambienti e navigare sono aspetti molto importanti per il nostro funzionamento nella vita di tutti i giorni. Tuttavia, le persone differiscono molto nell’abilità di apprendere gli ambienti e diversi fattori individuali come il genere e le abilità visuospaziali possono entrare in gioco. Tra i fattori individuali spaziali le credenze relative alle proprie abilità spaziali sono state scarsamente studiate empiricamente. La presente tesi, pertanto, si pone l’obiettivo di i) comprendere il ruolo delle credenze associate alle abilità spaziali ovvero autoefficacia spaziale, il growth mindset e lo stereotipo di genere nel supportare l’apprendimento di ambienti ed i comportamenti di navigazione, ii) studiare il ruolo del genere nell’apprendimento di ambienti, comportamenti di navigazione e credenze associate alle abilità spaziali. In particolare, lo Studio 1 ha indagato la relazione tra genere, autoefficacia spaziale, abilità visuospaziali e apprendimento di un ambiente virtuale e successivo ricordo. mostrando che le donne riferiscono minore autoefficacia in compiti spaziali e questa credenza (insieme alle abilità visuospaziali) spiega in parte le differenze di genere nella prestazione di ricordo di un ambiente virtuale. Lo Studio 2 ha indagato l’effetto di un feedback relativo a compiti visuospaziali sull’apprendimento di un ambiente virtuale e successivo ricordo. La ricerca ha mostrato che ricevere un feedback dopo compiti visuospaziali è relato a migliore autoefficacia percepita prima di svolgere compiti di apprendimento e ricordo dell’ambiente e a sua volta quest’ultima è associata a migliore prestazione in compiti di ricordo dell’ambiente. Lo Studio 3 approfondisce la relazione tra autoefficacia spaziale, growth mindset e stereotipo di genere nei comportamenti di navigazione (ovvero la tendenza ad esplorare l’ambiente e l’uso del GPS). I risultati mostrano che le credenze di growth mindset e stereotipo di genere sono associati ai comportamenti di navigazione indirettamente attraverso l’autoefficacia spaziale. Inoltre, uomini e donne differiscono nei comportamenti di navigazione messi in atto durante la navigazione. Infine, lo Studio 4 ha indagato la relazione tra credenze relative alle abilità spaziali e la prestazione in compiti di ricordo di un ambiente utilizzando una recente classificazione della conoscenza spaziale. Risultati hanno mostrato che autoefficacia percepita prima dei compiti interagisce con lo stereotipo di genere e precedenti successi in situazioni spaziali nel predire compiti di apprendimento spaziale. Complessivamente, i risultati degli studi fanno luce sull’importanza delle credenze sulle abilità spaziali nell’apprendimento di ambienti e nei comportamenti di navigazione in uomini e donne. Inoltre, questi risultati suggeriscono che le credenze sulle abilità spaziali potrebbero spiegare le differenze di genere in compiti di apprendimento e ricordo dell’ambiente.Environment learning and navigation ability are particularly important aspects of how people function in everyday life. However, people differ greatly in their abilities to learn environments, and different individual factors such as gender and visuospatial abilities may come into play. Of the individual spatial factors, beliefs about one’s spatial abilities have scarcely been studied empirically. This thesis, therefore, aimed to (a) understand the role of beliefs about spatial abilities—that is, spatial self-efficacy, the growth mindset, and gender stereotypes—in supporting environment learning and navigation behaviors and (b) study the roles of gender in environment learning, navigation behaviors, and beliefs about spatial abilities. Specifically, Study 1 investigated the relationships between gender, spatial self-efficacy, visuospatial skills, and spatial recall performance after participants learned a virtual environment, showing that women reported lower self-efficacy in spatial tasks, and this belief (along with visuospatial abilities) partially explained the gender differences in spatial recall performance. Study 2 investigated the effect of feedback related to visuospatial tasks on recall performance after participants learned a virtual environment. The research showed that receiving feedback after completing visuospatial tasks was related to better perceived self-efficacy before performing spatial recall tasks and, in turn, the latter was associated with better performance in spatial recall tasks. Study 3 investigated the relationships between spatial self-efficacy, the growth mindset, and gender stereotypes in navigation behaviors (i.e., exploration tendency and the use of GPS). The results showed that growth mindset and gender stereotype beliefs were associated with navigation behaviors indirectly through spatial self-efficacy. In addition, men and women differed in navigation behaviors enacted during navigation. Finally, Study 4 used a recent classification of spatial knowledge to investigate the relationship between different beliefs about spatial abilities and recall performance after participants learned a virtual environment. The results showed that perceived task-specific self-efficacy interacted with gender stereotypes and previous success in spatial situations in predicting recall performance. Overall, the results of the studies shed light on the importance of beliefs about spatial abilities in environment learning and navigational behaviors in men and women. In addition, these results suggest that beliefs about spatial abilities might explain gender differences in environment learning and its recall
Perceived restorativeness and environment quality in relation to well-being, residential satisfaction, and sense of community: an analysis in Northeast Italy
Get PDFIntroduction: Residential satisfaction consists of pleasure derived from living in a place according to one’s needs, expectations, and outcomes. The present study examines the role of sociodemographic variables, perceived residential quality indicators, and restorativeness in predicting i) well-being, ii) residential satisfaction, and iii) sense of communities in northeast Italy. Methods: A total of 100 residents (47 women) in various cities in northeast Italy and 211 (112 women) residents in Piazzola sul Brenta (PD) took part in two studies. They answered demographic questions about self-reported restorativeness, residential environment quality, residential satisfaction, mental well-being, and sense of community. Results: After accounting for age, gender, and income, the results showed that perceived restorativeness enhances sense of community in the Northeast and Piazzola sul Brenta samples and predicts psychological well-being and residential satisfaction in Piazzola sul Brenta. Architectural and functional aspects contribute, respectively, to residential satisfaction and sense of community in both samples, and functional factors predict residential satisfaction for the Northeast sample. Place attachment plays a positive role in residential satisfaction and sense of community in the Northeast and Piazzola sul Brenta. Discussion: The study reveals a link between perceived restorativeness and residential satisfaction and well-being, providing insight for professionals and policy to improve urban quality
Exploring the Relationship Between Restorativeness, Environmental Risk Perception, and Well-Being: The Case Study of Piazzola sul Brenta
Get PDFUrban environments in Northeastern Italy, both natural and historical, are exposed to urbanization, climate change, and environmental risks that can impact perceptions of environmental quality and sustainability. However, the relationship between the perceived environmental risks, the related emotions, and the quality of urban living and well-being remains underexplored. The present study, therefore, aims to investigate the link between the perceived risk of adverse events and the emotion felt about the possibility of damage to historically and economically valuable sites, as well as the residents’ restorativeness, well-being, residential satisfaction, and sense of community. Participants completed online questionnaires addressing the following variables: perceived risk of environmental events; emotions of possible damage; restorativeness; well-being; residential satisfaction; and sense of community. The results showed negative relationships between perceived risk and residential satisfaction, well-being and restorativeness, but positive relationships between negative emotions of losing places of economic value and residential satisfaction, sense of community, and restorativeness. The findings highlight the role of emotions and restorativeness with well-being and satisfaction in residents of Piazzola sul Brenta (Italy)
GPS use and navigation ability: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Get PDFGPS use pervades society; however, its effects on an individuals' navigation ability are not well understood. We reviewed and meta-analyzed the available evidence on the associations between GPS use and navigation ability, in terms of environmental knowledge, sense of direction and wayfinding. Based on the PRISMA guidelines and preregistration in the PROSPERO database (CRD42022378106), we searched the Web of Science, PsycInfo, and Scopus databases. Out of 907 articles, 23 studies met the inclusion criteria and were eligible for our review. We assessed the risk of bias using Joanna Briggs’ tools. The narrative synthesis presented negative associations between GPS use and performance in environmental knowledge and self-reported sense of direction measures and a positive association with wayfinding. When considering quantitative data, results revealed a negative effect of GPS use on environmental knowledge (r = −.18 [95% CI: −.28, −.08]) and sense of direction (r = −.25 [95% CI: −.39, −.12]) and a positive yet not significant effect on wayfinding (r = .07 [95% CI: −.28, .41]). Current literature has several strengths but also methodological weaknesses that limit the quality of evidence, with 69% of the studies classified with a moderate to high risk of bias. Although evidence suggests that using GPS tools can have a negative impact on environmental knowledge and sense of direction but a limited effect on wayfinding, future studies should adopt standardized measurements and procedures to further confirm these results and delve more deeply into understanding how GPS could be used as an external aid to support navigation
The Influence of Metacognitive Beliefs on Sleeping Difficulties in Older Adults
No full textBackground Sleep has a crucial role in physical and mental health across the lifespan. In addition to an excessive intrusive sleep-related cognitive activity, another factor that may influence sleep quality in old age is sleep-related metacognitive activity, such as metacognitive beliefs about sleeping difficulties, and night-time thought control strategies. Here, we aimed to assess the relationship between sleep-related metacognitive beliefs, thought control strategies, excessive intrusive cognitive activities, such as dysfunctional beliefs about sleep, or objective and/or perceived sleep disruptions in elderly people. Method Sleep-related metacognitive beliefs, thought control strategies, and dysfunctional beliefs related to sleep and perceived sleeping difficulties were assessed with several questionnaires in 50 older adults with no symptoms of dementia, depression, or insomnia. Objective measures of sleep were also collected over 7 days of actigraphic recordings. Results Regression analyses showed that subjective sleeping difficulties were explained by sleep-related metacognitive activity, and particularly by metacognitive beliefs about sleeping difficulties. Interestingly, objective sleep measures were not associated with metacognitive activity. In addition, self-reported poor sleepers had stronger metacognitive beliefs about sleeping difficulties and a longer sleep onset latency than self-reported good sleepers. Conclusions The present findings underscore the influence of metacognitive activity, and sleep-related metacognitive beliefs in particular, on the perception of sleeping difficulties in older adults
Interazione uomo-ambiente
Get PDFQuale rapporto con la natura e l’ambiente? Può poi trattarsi di una relazione di tipo estrattivo da parte dell’uomo, di profondo rispetto, o alla ricerca di un equilibrio reciproco. Non ci si può affacciare a questo 2024 senza scegliere dove stare, ossia che tipo di relazione perseguir
The relationship between sleep quality and quality of life in aging: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Get PDFThis study examined the available literature concerning the association between sleep quality and quality of life (QoL) in autonomous older people with no sleep disorders. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted on studies identified in the PsycInfo, PubMed and Scopus databases that examined the associations between QoL and sleep quality in older adults. Our systematic literature search identified 23 studies concerning a total of 21,092 participants (range of mean ages: 58–79 years). The results showed that self-reported sleep quality, but not objective sleep quality, correlated positively with QoL with a moderate effect size (for self-reported sleep quality, the overall estimate of the average effect size was a Pearson’s r =.28 [95% CI:.34,.23]; for objective sleep quality, it was r =.01 [.12, −.09]). This also applied to the main domains of QoL concerning physical and psychological health, social relationships and environmental aspects (the estimated average effect sizes ranged from Pearson’s r =.13 to r =.35). These findings highlight the influence of sleep quality, and particularly of self-reported sleep quality, on QoL (as a whole and in its specific domains) in older adults with normal aging and no insomnia. This influence should therefore be investigated systematically when examining QoL
Orientation behavior in men and women: The relationship between gender stereotype, growth mindset, and spatial self-efficacy
No full textPeople’s beliefs about their navigation ability could be important for their navigation performance. This
correlational study aimed to investigate how growth mindset, gender stereotype, and spatial self-efficacy are
related to orientation behaviors (use of GPS and exploration tendency). Moreover, we investigated gender differences in beliefs and orientation behaviors. A sample of 609 participants (329 women) completed self-reported
measures assessing their mindset, gender stereotype, spatial self-efficacy, sense of direction, and orientation
behaviors. The structural equation models show that a growth mindset and gender stereotype are related to
exploration tendency and GPS use through the mediation of spatial self-efficacy in both men and women.
Concerning gender stereotype a different pattern of correlation emerged in men and women. Moreover, significant differences in favor of men emerged in self-efficacy, sense of direction, and orientation behaviors. Overall,
these findings support the conviction that men and women’s beliefs about their spatial abilities are related to the
ways they behave in the environmen
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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