1,720,983 research outputs found
Delayed hypersensitivity reactions to iodinated contrast media: Bordeaux experience
No full textLes produits de contraste iodés (PCI) sont un élément indispensable de l'imagerie médicale moderne. Les réactions d’hypersensibilité retardée (HSR) aux PCI sont rares, mais impliquent souvent des symptômes cutanés. Survenant à distance de l’acte radiologique, elles sont souvent attribuées à d’autres médicaments. Leur reconnaissance est fondamentale car en cas de ré-administration du produit, il existe un risque de réaction plus sévère. Afin de comprendre ces réactions et le mécanisme impliqué, nous étudions une série de 11 cas investigués par patch-tests. La clinique, l'histopathologie et les tests épicutanés montrent l'implication des lymphocytes T dans ces réactions. Les PCI de basse osmolalité, de deuxième génération sont les plus impliqués dans ces réactions retardées. Les patch-tests permettent de mettre en évidence des réactions d’allergie croisée. On a pu démontré ainsi des réactions croisées entre les monomères non ioniques et les dimères non ioniques de basse osmolalité.Iodinated Contrast media (ICM) are an indispensable part of modern medical imaging. Delayed adverse reactions (DARs) to ICM are uncommon, but frequently involve cutaneous symptoms. Occurring at a distance from the radiological act, they are often attributed to other drugs. Their recognition is fundamental because if the product is re-administered, there is a risk of a more severe reaction. In order to understand these reactions and the mechanism involved, we study a series of 11 cases investigated by patch-tests. The clinic, the histopathology and the epicutaneous test show the involvement of T lymphocytes in these reactions. Second-generation, low osmolality ICM are involved in almost all DARs. The patch-tests serve to highlight cross allergy reactions. Cross-reactions between non-ionic monomer ICM and non-ionic dimer ICM have been demonstrated
Interest of a new "gloves" series for workers wearing gloves and suffering from hand eczema
No full textL’eczéma chronique des mains est une pathologie fréquente, dont la guérison est difficile à obtenir. La part d’irritation est majeure, mais la part allergique semble à rechercher, notamment chez les porteurs de gants au travail. Objectifs : évaluer l’intérêt d’une nouvelle batterie gants et étudier le profil des patients porteurs de gants atteints d’eczéma des mains dans la population bordelaise. Nous avons réalisé dans le service de dermato-allergologie du CHU de Bordeaux entre le 01.06.2018 et le 31.05.2019 chez les patients porteurs de gants au travail et présentant un eczéma des mains, une nouvelle batterie « gants » composée de 30 allergènes (principalement des agents de vulcanisation du caoutchouc) et avons évalué à l’aide d’un questionnaire leurs pratiques de nettoyage des mains, le port de gants et le retentissement de l’eczéma des mains. Résultats : Trente-deux cas ont été inclus. Les professions les plus touchées étaient le personnel de santé 46,8% (15 cas) et le personnel de nettoyage 15,6% (5 cas). Huit batteries « gants » sont revenues positives (25%). Les lavages des mains étaient fréquents, plus de dix fois par jour pour 71,8% des patients, et les facteurs favorisant la fragilité cutanée étaient souvent retrouvés (eau froide, séchage insuffisant, temps du port de gant important). Cinq allergènes n’auraient pas été détectés sans avoir réalisé cette batterie complémentaire. L’évolution à 6 mois semblait identique, que des allergènes aient été détectés grâce à la batterie « gants » ou non. Nous n’avons pas retrouvé d'apport majeur à réaliser une batterie spécialisée. Tester une BSE jointe à des mesures de protection des mains suffirait pour améliorer les patients. L’éviction des allergènes et les conseils de protection des mains sont capitaux pour obtenir une amélioration des symptômes.Chronic hand eczema is a common pathology, which is difficult to treat. The part of irritation is major, but the allergic part should be more documented, especially in workers wearing gloves at work. Objectives: To evaluate the relevance of a new “gloves” series, and to study the profile of patients wearing gloves and suffering from hand eczema in Bordeaux. We performed in the dermatology-allergology department of the University Hospital of Bordeaux between 01.06.2018 and 31.05.2019 on patients wearing gloves at work and suffering from hand eczema, a new "gloves" series containing 30 allergens (mainly rubber vulcanizing agents) and assessed their hand-washing practices, gloves, and the impact of hand eczema with a complete survey. Results: Thirty-two cases were included. The most affected occupations were healthcare workers 46.8% (n=15) and cleaning workers 15.6% (n=5). Eight "glove" series were positive (25%). Hand washing was frequent, more than ten times a day for 71.8% of patients, and factors inducing skin fragility were often found (cold water, insufficient drying, wearing gloves for along time). Five allergens would not have been detected without using the new “gloves” series. At 6 months, the evolution of symptoms seemed no different, whether allergens were detected by the « gloves » series or not. We haven’t found a major contribution in testing a specific “goves” series. Testing a European Baseline Series combined with hand protection measures seems to be enough to improve patients’ chronic hand eczema
Chronic spontaneous urticaria: Definition, physiopathology and treatments. Omalizumab for the treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria resistant to antihistamines: Experience in Bordeaux
No full textL’urticaire est une dermatose inflammatoire, qui peut être soit superficielle, soit profonde. Une urticaire est aigüe si elle dure moins de six semaines, ou chronique si elle dure plus de six semaines. Les urticaires chroniques peuvent être inductibles si elles sont provoquées par un stimulus reproductible défini, ou spontanées si les crises sont déclenchées sans cause connue. La qualité de vie des patients est fortement altérée, notamment chez les patients présentant une urticaire chronique spontanée. La physiopathologie n’est pas totalement connue. Plusieurs mécanismes existent, mais les mastocytes sont les cellules clés impliquées dans l’urticaire. Leur dégranulation avec libération d’histamine entraine le déclenchement des crises. Le traitement de référence est la prise d’antihistaminiques antiH1, mais cela ne suffit pas pour contrôler de nombreux patients. Le seul autre traitement qui a l’AMM dans l’urticaire chronique spontanée est l’omalizumab. Il s’agit d’un anticorps anti-IgE qui montre des taux d’efficacité d’environ 80% dans les études post-commerciales, avec une bonne tolérance. Dans le cadre d’un stage à l’hôpital de Bordeaux, j’ai eu l’opportunité de participer à une étude dans le but d’évaluer l’efficacité de l’omalizumab dans le traitement de l’urticaire chronique spontanée, ainsi que ses modalités de décroissance et d’arrêt. Les résultats de cette étude démontrent l’efficacité et l’innocuité de l’omalizumab. Par contre, le traitement semble être symptomatique. Les protocoles d’arrêt ne sont pas définis et cette étude ne permet pas d’en définir un. Enfin, des patients restent non contrôlés par les traitements actuels donc de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques sont en cours de développement.Urticaria is an inflammatory disease of the skin, which can be superficial or deep. Urticaria is acute if it lasts less than six weeks, or chronic if it lasts more than six weeks. Chronic urticaria can be inductible if it is caused by a definite reproducible stimulus, or spontaneous if the cause is unknown. The quality of life of patients is strongly altered, especially in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria. The pathophysiology is not totally known. Several mechanisms exist, but mast cells are the main cells involved in urticaria. Their degranulation with histamine release causes the onset of seizures. The standard treatment is taking antihistamines antiH1, but this is not enough to control many patients. The only other treatment approved in chronic spontaneous urticaria is omalizumab. It is an anti-IgE antibody that shows efficiency levels of about 80% in post-marketing studies, with good tolerance. As part of an internship at the Bordeaux Hospital, I had the opportunity to participate in a study to evaluate the efficacy of omalizumab in the treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria, as well as its modalities of discontinuation. The results of this study demonstrate the efficacy and safety of omalizumab. On the other hand, the treatment seems to be symptomatic. Discontinuation protocols are not defined and this study does not allow to define one. Finally, some patients remain uncontrolled by current treatments so new therapeutic targets are being developed
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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