198,573 research outputs found
Pearl millet and sorghum improvement in India:
Full text linkmillions fed, food security, Pearl millet, Sorghum,
Aspects of Biology of the Weed of Arable Crops broom corn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.)
No full textGrass weeds such as Panicum miliaceum L. (broom corn millet) are a persistent problem for agriculture, causing significant crop losses. A weedy biotype of broom corn millet is already a troublesome weed on North American arable farms, and has recently emerged as a threat to New Zealand corn and maize crops. This thesis describes aspects of the biology of broom corn millet under New Zealand conditions. Experiments were designed to understand under what conditions broom corn millet is mostly likely to affect crop growth.
Experiments were conducted in a glass house and a laboratory to observe the effect of temperature on germination and early growth of broom corn millet. The pot-based glasshouse experiment compared germination and growth between a range of controlled substrate temperatures. The response of broom corn millet to temperature was typical of that expected for a C₄ plant. At 10°C seeds germinated later and in lower proportions compared to 15°C, 20°C and 25°C. Growth and above ground dry biomass accumulation also increased with increasing substrate temperature, with the highest dry biomass accumulated at 25°C, primarily because of increases in germination rate. In a laboratory experiment conducted at temperatures ranging from 5°C and 34°C, temperatures greater than or equal to 20°C were more favourable for germination of broom corn millet seeds. The optimum temperatures for germination were 27°C to 34°C. The threshold germination temperature for the seed lot used was 7.4°C.
Broom corn millet seeds were tested for their ability to germinate and emerge from a range of planting depths when planted in pots containing 16 soil types from around New Zealand. Seedlings emerged from 120 mm depth in all soil types. In six soil types seeds of broom corn millet were able to emerge from the greatest depth tested of 170 mm, very deep compared to most herbaceous weeds. In general, seedling emergence reduced with increasing depth, whereas suicidal germination increased. Step-wise binomial regression of emergence against various soil physical properties did not reveal any significant relationship between soil physical properties and seedling emergence.
To observe the affect of competition on both the weed (broom corn millet) and the crop (sweet corn), plants of both species were grown together in pots at a range of planting ratios. Plants were also grown in monoculture to observe growth without competition. In the competition trial broom corn millet emerged after sweet corn and affected sweet corn above ground biomass during the first four weeks. However, this effect did not persist as sweet corn biomass increased irrespective of the level of competition from broom corn millet plants. The monoculture experiment indicated that sweet corn grew better without competition whereas growth of broom corn millet was stimulated while growing in competition. The poor competition by broom corn millet plants was assumed to be the result of unseasonal low temperatures during the period immediately after sewing and demonstrated that broom corn millet plants emerging after the crop may not affect crop growth.
The likely persistence of New Zealand broom corn millet seeds in soil is unknown. A laboratory based Controlled Ageing Test (CAT) was therefore evaluated for its ability to predict the persistence of seeds. The test was conducted using seeds of nodding thistle (Carduus nutans), for which real time persistence data is available. In two additional experiments, the CAT was used to estimate the potential persistence of New Zealand sourced broom corn millet seeds. The CAT derived half life time (P₅₀) of nodding thistle seeds did not compare well with the field derived P₅₀ for nodding thistle seeds, with the CAT results suggesting less persistence compared to actual persistence. Examination of the CAT results for broom corn millet showed a decline in seed viability from 30 to 50 days, followed by a sharp decline at 75 days. The midpoint of the initial decline (40 days) was taken as the P50 for broom corn millet. This value is similar to existing information for broom corn millet in North America, and indicates that broom corn millet will form a moderately persistent seed bank in New Zealand.
In conclusion, results suggest that higher temperatures favour the growth of broom corn millet. Planting of crops earlier in the season may reduce competition by this weed. However, increasing temperatures as a result of global climate change will enhance conditions for broom corn millet and may increase future crop losses caused by this weed. The ability of broom corn millet’s relatively large seeds to germinate and emerge from depth will limit the efficiency of conventional weed control practices, such as ploughing and stale seed beds. The ability to form a moderately persistent seed bank suggests that once introduced, broom corn millet will be challenging to eradicate because of its prolific seed production. Significant changes in weed control practices will therefore be required to manage broom corn millet in the future
Seed remains of common millet from the 4th (Mongolia) and 15th (Hungary) centuries: AFLP, SSR and mtDNA sequence recoveries.
Full text linkSeed remains of common millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) were excavated from sites of ad 4th-century Darhan (Mongolia), and ad 15th-century Budapest (Hungary). Because the 15th-century medieval grains looked so intact, a germination test was carried out under aseptic conditions, which resulted in swelling of the grains but no cell proliferation or germination. Ancient DNA (aDNA) was extracted from the aseptic grains; analysed for amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP), simple sequence repeats (SSR) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA); and compared with the modern millet cultivar 'Topaz'. AFLP analysis revealed that extensive DNA degradation had occurred in the 4th-century ancient millet, resulting in only 2 (1.2%) AFLP fragments (98.8% degradation) amplified by MseCAA-EcoAGT, compared to the 15th-century medieval millet, with 158 (40%) fragments (60% degradation), and modern millet cultivar 'Topaz' with 264 fragments (100%). EcoAGT-MseCAA was found to be the most effective selective-primer combination for the analysis of medieval and modern millet. Eight AFLP fragments were sequenced after re-amplification and cloning. Microsatellite (SSR) analysis at the nuclear gln4, sh1, rps28 and rps15 loci revealed one SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) at the 29th position (A -> G) of rps28 locus, compared to modern millet. An mtDNA fragment (MboI), amplified at the 18S-5S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) locus in the medieval millet, showed no molecular changes compared to modern millet. The results underline the significance of aDNA extraction and analysis of excavated seeds for comparative analysis and molecular reconstruction of ancient and extinct plant genotypes
Millet und Rousseau
No full textMILLET UND ROUSSEAU
Millet und Rousseau ( - )
Einband ( - )
Vorblatt ( - )
Titelblatt ( - )
Abbildung ([2])
Einleitung. ([3])
Jean Francois Millet. ([7])
P. E. Théodore Rousseau. ([65])
Vorblatt ( - )
Einband ( - )
Provenienzmerkmale 2. Exemplar ( -
A Model of West African Millet Prices in Rural Markets
Full text linkIn this article we specify a model of millet prices in the three West African countries of Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger. Using data obtained from USAID’s Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) we present a unique regional cereal price forecasting model that takes advantage of the panel nature of our data, and accounts for the flow of millet across markets. Another novel aspect of our analysis is our use of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to detect and control for variation in conditions for productivity. The average absolute out-of-sample prediction error for 4-month-ahead millet prices is about 20 %.Millet, cereal, West Africa, price forecasting, remote sensing, NDVI, regional panel data
Lluís Millet a Felip Pedrell - Epistolari -
No full textL'epistolari que presento, des d'aquestes pàgines, l'integren les cartes de Lluis Millet adreçades a Felip Pedrell des del 1896 al 1904, algunes de 1907, 1909, 1912 i 1922, respectivament, seguides d'altres sense data determinada. Aquesta col·lecció de lletres inclou les activitats que durant un quart de segle desenrotlla l'orfeo Catala, fundat el 1891 per Lluis Millet i Amadeu Vives. Millet, deixeble de Pedrell, per qui sentia una admiració i respecte veritables, escriu al mestre, que des de finals d'octubre de 1894 es trobava a Madrid
The impact of climatic variability over the period 1961- 1990 on the soil water balance of upland soils in the North East Arid Zone of Nigeria
Full text linkOver the period 1961 – 90 the North East Arid Zone of Nigeria experienced a decline
in annual rainfall totals and increased aridity which placed increasing pressure on
rain fed, millet-based farming systems. The changes in seasonal rainfall total and
distribution have been examined and it has been shown that the rate of decline has
been consistent across the region. The decline has been dominated by reduction in
the number of rain days during the middle of the rainy season and there is no
evidence of a significant change in the length of the growing season. Over the same
time period, there has been a small, but significant, increase in mean air temperature
which has resulted in a small increase in potential evapotranspiration. Other climatic
parameters (vapour pressure, solar radiation and wind speed) appear to have
remained stable, although the paucity and dubious quality of much of the historical
meteorological data make rigorous statistical analysis difficult.
A water balance model (BALANCE) developed by the author, was calibrated for a
millet crop grown on a typical sandy loam soil in Maiduguri (Nigeria). The model
was necessarily parsimonious, but was shown to perform well when calibrated
against observed soil water content. However, the empirical nature and high
sensitivity of key parameters relating to bare soil evaporation and drainage mean that
it is difficult to parameterise the model by laboratory, or independent field
measurements.
Applying the calibrated model to daily rainfall and average evapotranspiration data
from Nguru (Nigeria) for the period 1961 – 93 showed that, with the exception of
extreme drought years, the increased aridity would have had little impact on the
viability of traditional millet and millet-cowpea intercropping systems prior to the
early 1980s. However, after that date, predicted seasonal millet transpiration, and
hence predicted yields, have declined, and long duration cowpea intercrops, which
were traditionally matured on residual soil moisture after the millet harvest have had
insufficient water.
Whilst the BALANCE model has been useful in examining the impact of climatic
variability on agro-hydrology, it is not a crop physiological model and the interaction
between soil water and crop development is poorly represented. The model cannot, therefore be applied with confidence to investigate the potential yield benefits of
physical or agronomic interventions to alleviate the impacts of aridity. Although
more complex models exist to do this, they require detailed parameterisation of the
crop physiology, which was not possible within the scope of this study
Ecosystem-atmosphere fluxes of reactive carbon from the 2021 Flux Closure Study (FluCS) at Manitou Experimental Forest
No full textPlease see README files and citation for a description of the data.This archive contains hourly observed and modeled fluxes of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) over Manitou Experimental Forest in Woodland Park, CO during the FluCS 2021 study throughout August and September 2021. Observations were collected via the eddy covariance method using mass spectrometry for VOC concentrations and a sonic anemometer for vertical windspeed. Model fluxes were simulated using the GEOS-Chem (v13.3) model. Also included are observed and simulated meteorology during this time period.National Science Foundation (AGS-1932771, AGS-1932849).Vermeuel, Michael P; Millet, Dylan B; Farmer, Delphine K; Pothier, Matson A; Link, Michael F. (2023). Ecosystem-atmosphere fluxes of reactive carbon from the 2021 Flux Closure Study (FluCS) at Manitou Experimental Forest. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://doi.org/10.13020/ws9a-ae08
An Economic Analysis of Research and Technology Transfer of Millet, Sorghum, and Cowpeas in Niger
Full text linkThis study analyzes returns to investments in Niger's research and technology transfer system for millet, sorghum, and cowpea between 1975 and 1991. Sixty-eight percent of the country's public-sector outlays for agricultural research and 58% of its agricultural researchers were devoted to research on these three crops between 1986 and 1990. Most of this research was done by INRAN, the national agricultural research institute of Niger (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Niger).food security, food policy, millet, sorghum, cowpeas, Crop Production/Industries, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Downloads July 2008 - July 2009: 11, R11,
Fermentation Kinetics and Changes in Levels of Antinutrients in Pearl Millet and Pearl Millet-Maize Composite Dough Recipes Used to Prepare Injera
No full textWhile pearl millet is rich in important nutrients with potential health and nutrition benefits, it contains antinutrients that limit the bioavailability of minerals and the digestibility of starches and proteins; however, fermentation is believed to reduce these antinutrient levels. The objective of this work was to determine the fermentation kinetics and its implications for changes in the levels of antinutrients in pearl millet and pearl millet-maize composite dough recipes used to prepare Injera, a traditional fermented flatbread consumed in Ethiopia. Three dough recipes identified through focus group discussion with women from the Dangeshita sub-district, Dangila District, Ethiopia, were investigated: pure pearl millet dough (P), a 1:1 mixture of pearl millet and maize (P1M1) and a 1:2 mixture of pearl millet and maize (P1M2) doughs. Significant decreases in pH were observed for all dough recipes at the later stages of fermentation. This drop in pH was accompanied by a rapid increase in titratable acidity. Counts of aerobic mesophilic bacteria and molds decreased (with molds reaching zero), while counts of yeasts and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) increased at the later stage of fermentation across all dough recipes. A two-step fermentation process characterized by both lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation was identified, yielding lactic acid and mannitol as primary end products. Phytate was degraded by 91.3% in pearl millet (P) dough, by 98.2% in P1M1 dough, and by 72.7% in P1M2 dough after 168 h (7 days) fermentation. All fermented dough recipes resulted in reduced levels of raffinose at the later stages of fermentation, with the highest degradation noted in pearl millet (P) dough (95%) followed by P1M1 dough (87.7%) and P1M2 (80.8%) dough. In conclusion, 7 days fermentation resulted in significant reductions of phytate and raffinose levels in all dough recipes
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