1,720,967 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
European cancer mortality predictions for the year 2025 with focus on breast cancer
No full textBackground: We predicted the number of cancer deaths and rates for 2025 in the European Union (EU), its five most populous countries, and the UK, focusing on breast cancer. Materials and methods: We derived population data and death certificates for all cancers and major sites for the EU, databases. Estimates for 2025 were computed by linear regression on recent trends identified through Poisson joinpoint regression, considering the slope of the most recent trend segment. Deaths averted from 1989 to 2025 were calculated by applying the 1988 peak rate to subsequent population data. Results: We estimated 1280000 cancer deaths in the EU in 2025, corresponding to age-standardised rates (ASRs) of 120.9/100000 males (-3.5% versus 2020) and 79.1/100000 females (-1.2%). In the UK, we predicted 173000 cancer deaths and ASRs of 101.2/100000 males (-10.1%) and 82.1/100000 females (-6.3%). In the EU, favourable trends are predicted for major neoplasms, except pancreatic cancer, in males (+2.0%) and females (+3.0%), and lung (+3.8%) and bladder (+1.9%) cancers among females. Breast cancer mortality showed favourable trends in all countries. Substantial decreases were predicted for EU females aged 50-69 years (-9.8%) and 70-79 years (-12.4%). Between 1989 and 2025, we estimated about 6.8 million averted cancer deaths in the EU, including over 373000 breast cancer deaths. Corresponding numbers for the UK were 1500000 and 197000. Conclusion: EU breast cancer rates have fallen by 30% since 1990, due to advances in prevention, treatment, and early detection. Contrasting trends in lung cancer among males and females reflect differing tobacco smoking patterns. Female lung cancer mortality is still increasing in the EU, though less than in the previous decade. Persistent unfavourable pancreatic cancer trends can be related to the increasing prevalence of obesity and limited therapeutic advances, requiring continued attention
Global trends in cutaneous malignant melanoma incidence and mortality
Get PDFMortality from cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) increased in the past, but trends have been favorable in more recent years in many high-income countries. However, incidence has been increasing in several countries. We provided an up-to-date overview of mortality trends from CMM. We analyzed death certification data from the WHO in selected countries worldwide from 1980 to the most recent available calendar years. We also reported incidence data derived from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents from 1990 to 2012. Separate analyses were performed for young adults aged 20-44 and middle-aged adults aged 45-64 years. Mortality from CMM in all age groups showed a favorable pattern in the majority of the countries considered. Mortality trends declined by 40 to 50% in Australia over the last decades, confirming the importance of prevention measures. Considering young adults aged 20-44, Australia, New Zealand and Northern Europe reported the highest death rates for both sexes (>0.90/100 000 in men and >0.60/100 000 in women) while Japan, the Philippines, and Latin America the lowest ones (<0.50/100 000 and <0.35/100 000 in men and women, respectively). Incidence trends were stable or upward in most countries, with higher rates among women. Our study highlights a global reduction of CMM mortality over the last three decades. The increasing awareness of risk factors, mainly related to UV exposure, along with early diagnosis and progress in treatment for advanced disease played pivotal roles in reducing CMM mortality, particularly in Australia
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Uterine cancer deaths certified as part unspecified: An unsolved issue
No full textObjective A large percentage of uterine cancer deaths worldwide are not attributed to the cervix or corpus, but classified as uterus part 'unspecified'. We provided the trend for the proportion of uterine cancer deaths certified as 'unspecified' in selected countries. Methods We derived the proportions of 'unspecified' uterine cancers for 20 selected high- and middle-income countries with reliable death certification over the period 1994-2021, using official mortality data from the WHO database coded according to the 10th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases. Results For the earliest available year, the proportion of deaths classified as 'unspecified' uterine cancers ranged from 5.8% in Mexico to 65.6% in Italy. In some countries only, this proportion decreased over time. For 10 countries the proportion of 'unspecified' uterus in the most recent available year was around 20%. The proportion of deaths at 20-44 years registered as uterus 'unspecified' was lower for all countries during the study period. Conclusion A substantial number of uterine cancer deaths worldwide coded as 'unspecified' was observed, also in high-income countries where death certification for other common neoplasms is accurate. Valid attribution of uterine cancer deaths to the cervix or corpus is feasible and should be adopted
Global trends in anal cancer incidence and mortality
No full textObjective Anal cancer is a rare disease, affecting more frequently women than men, mainly related to human papillomavirus infection (HPV). Rising incidence and mortality have been reported over the past four decades in different countries. Methods To provide an up-to-date overview of recent trends in mortality from anal cancer, we analysed death certification data provided by the WHO in selected countries worldwide over the period from 1994 to 2020. We also analysed incidence derived from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents from 1990 to 2012 for all histologies as well as for anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Results The highest age-standardised mortality rates around 2020 were registered in Central and Eastern Europe, such as Slovakia (0.9/100 000 men and 0.40/100 000 women), in the UK (0.24/100 000 men and 0.35/100 000 women), and Denmark (0.33/100 000 for both sexes), while the lowest ones were in the Philippines, Mexico, and Japan, with rates below 0.10/100 000 in both sexes. Upwards trends in mortality were reported in most countries for both sexes. Similarly, incidence patterns were upward or stable in most countries considered for both sexes. In 2008-2012, Germany showed the highest incidence rates (1.65/100 000 men and 2.16/100 000 women). Conclusion Attention towards vaccination against HPV, increased awareness of risk factors, mainly related to sexual behaviours and advancements in early diagnosis and management are required to control anal cancer incidence and mortality
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