3,195 research outputs found
La filosofía del derecho de Alexandre Kojève
No full textThis article is a presentation of Alexandre Kojève’s philosophy of law, exposed in his Esquisse d’une phénoménologie du droit (1981). Little attention has been paid to this work. So there is a gap that has to be filled with a critical reflection of its strengths. Among them, undoubtedly, we count the fact that Kojève is introducing a conception of international justice that casts a singular light on current debates about cosmopolitanism and globalization. According to this author, citizenship is the key element of the process of global expansion of the juridical sphere. In sum, Kojève’s philosophy is useful to reflect upon the contrast between the juridical and the political, which is the basis for all philosophy of law, in order to achieve world peace and international justice.Este artículo es una presentación de la filosofía del derecho de Alexandre Kojève contenida en su Esquisse d’une phénoménologie du droit (1981). La poca atención que dicha obra ha recibido es un vacío que debiera llenarse con una reflexión crítica de sus puntos fuertes. Entre ellos destaca una concepción de la justicia internacional que proyecta una luz muy singular sobre los actuales debates en torno a la globalización y el cosmopolitismo. A ojos de este autor, la ciudadanía es el elemento clave para aquilatar la expansión global de lo jurídico. En suma, Kojève aparece como un valioso referente en la labor de pensar la contraposición entre lo jurídico y lo político que está en la base de toda filosofía del derecho, con la aspiración al logro de la justicia internacional y la paz mundial en el horizonte
Reconfiguração do consensualismo contratual: as ações tituladas nominativas e os limites à transmissão
No full textPartimos da evolução histórica do consensualismo contratual salientando os
principais carateres que, nos diversos momentos históricos, se foram evidenciando.
Numa segunda etapa exploramos os fundamentos dogmáticos do modelo de
transmissão contratual assumido pelo legislador e a sua viabilidade no sistema
jurídico global, em particular, no direito dos valores mobiliários. Constatamos a
crescente necessidade na prática mercantil e inevitabilidade no sistema jurídico
global da admissibilidade da existência de contratos de compra e venda de natureza
meramente obrigacional. Num terceiro momento desenvolvemos os principais
aspetos do regime jurídico aplicável às ações tituladas nominativas fora do mercado
regulado, em particular, os principais limites à transmissão, enquanto instrumentos/barreiras ao consensualismo contratual.We start from the historical evolution of contractual consensualism emphasizing the
main aspects that, in different historical moments, were showing up. In a second
stage we explore the dogmatic foundations of the transmission model contractual
assumed by the legislator and its viability in the global legal system, in particular, in
securities law. We note the growing need in commercial practice and inevitability in
the global legal system the admissibility of the existence of contracts of sale purely
obligatory. In the third stage we develop the main aspects of the legal regime
applicable to nominative titled actions outside the regulated market, in particular,
the main limits to the transmission, as instruments / barriers to contractual
consensualism
Benchmark des outils d'écoconception ACV à l'échelle du quartier
No full textInternational audienceBackgroundThere is an urgent need to decrease humanity's environmental impacts. Cities have an important role to play considering the continuous increase in urban population at both global and urban scale (United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, et Population Division 2019). Ecodesign tools for urban projects are essential to quantify and thus minimize cities environmental impacts but are still too scarcely used at the district scale (Brozovsky, Gustavsen, et Gaitani 2021). The fast development of digital models labeled as BIM (Building Information Model), CIM (City Information Model) or even BIM+ (Deprêtre, Jacquinod, and Mielniczek 2022) could foster the use, precision and reliability of existing ecodesign tools at the urban scale. It could also ease the use and development of new LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) methodologies such as consequential, dynamic and prospective LCA that currently comes at a high cost in terms of data needs (Anand et Amor 2017).PurposeWe propose this benchmark of eco-design tools for district LCA being able to use geospatial data. We focus on LCA tools since LCA is recognized as the most relevant method to evaluate environmental impacts. The objective of the benchmark is to list existing LCA tools adapted to early-design of urban projects and explore their efficiency and limits as far as district LCA is concerned. We focus on early-design stages where decisions have the most influence on environmental impacts (Kaushal et al. 2022).A district is always a unique, multifunctional system that is highly integrated with its environment. Consequently, LCA studies need to take into account precisely the situational context, including local climatic conditions, irradiation of the plot, roads and various networks, infrastructures, transport etc. (Peuportier et al. 2017). We thus focus on tools that allow for the use of geospatial data from BIM or CIM to account for those key aspects.MethodsWe first establish a list of LCA tools enabling the use of needed databases for district LCA. We then further our enquiry by making a literature review on the coupling of BIM and CIM with LCA, listing mentioned tools. Then, a critical analysis of this list is performed according to several criteria:●published case study using the tool,●use of geodata,●methodology,●tools conditions of use (open source or not, free or not).ResultsWe identified 73 LCA ecodesign tools. Only 7 have the ability to carry out LCA at the district scale, and 4 can integrate geospatial information
“Era por Alexandre tod’esto demostrado”: ¿pruebas verídicas y pruebas engañosas en el Libro de Alexandre?
No full textEl Libro de Alexandre es un texto de s. XIII, que se escribió en la España medieval. En este escrito, el autor pretende demostrar que, en el Alexandre, algunas de las situaciones que se ponen a prueba son aceptadas, pero eso no significa que el macedonio gane la prueba. El articulo esta dividido en tres apartados. En el primero, el autor da cuenta de la historia textual de la obra y también dedica ciertas líneas al Estado de la cuestión del texto; mientras que, en la segunda parte, nos guía a conceptos etimológicos de los términos prueba, evidencia y demás. En el tercer apartado se centra en algunas pruebas expuestas en el Libro de Alexandre.The Libro de Alexandre is a literary work, written during the medieval Spain. In this paper, the author tries to demonstrate that, carefully reading the L.A, some of the situations that are set as proves are accepted, but it does not mean that Alexander can be a victor. This paper is divided in three sections: firstly, the author tells the textual history of the L.A and, then, tries to update the State of art: on the other hand, in the second part, the author offers meanings about terms as: prueba and evidencia. Finally, the author focuses on certain passages contained in the Libro de Alexandre that can be taken as failed proves
Mixing the Immiscible: Improvisation within Fixed-Media Composition
No full textThis paper will explore ways in which mastered improvisation practice, with the studio as an instrument, is a proposed avenue to bridge the historical dichotomy between what Ted Gioia describe as ‘the aesthetics of perfection’ and ‘the aesthetics of imperfection’. It is proposed as a way to re-embody fixed music, as experimented by the author through the composition of his last fixed-media work. This will be put in the context of a wider trend observed amongst the current emerging generation of composers interested in the aesthesics of the work, by opposition to the previous generations that placed the value of the work in its poietics. The vital and primal importance of practice outcome as practice-based research’s main document will also be advocated for, as these trends are happening in the laboratory of live music
Benchmark des outils d'écoconception ACV à l'échelle du quartier
No full textInternational audienceBackgroundThere is an urgent need to decrease humanity's environmental impacts. Cities have an important role to play considering the continuous increase in urban population at both global and urban scale (United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, et Population Division 2019). Ecodesign tools for urban projects are essential to quantify and thus minimize cities environmental impacts but are still too scarcely used at the district scale (Brozovsky, Gustavsen, et Gaitani 2021). The fast development of digital models labeled as BIM (Building Information Model), CIM (City Information Model) or even BIM+ (Deprêtre, Jacquinod, and Mielniczek 2022) could foster the use, precision and reliability of existing ecodesign tools at the urban scale. It could also ease the use and development of new LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) methodologies such as consequential, dynamic and prospective LCA that currently comes at a high cost in terms of data needs (Anand et Amor 2017).PurposeWe propose this benchmark of eco-design tools for district LCA being able to use geospatial data. We focus on LCA tools since LCA is recognized as the most relevant method to evaluate environmental impacts. The objective of the benchmark is to list existing LCA tools adapted to early-design of urban projects and explore their efficiency and limits as far as district LCA is concerned. We focus on early-design stages where decisions have the most influence on environmental impacts (Kaushal et al. 2022).A district is always a unique, multifunctional system that is highly integrated with its environment. Consequently, LCA studies need to take into account precisely the situational context, including local climatic conditions, irradiation of the plot, roads and various networks, infrastructures, transport etc. (Peuportier et al. 2017). We thus focus on tools that allow for the use of geospatial data from BIM or CIM to account for those key aspects.MethodsWe first establish a list of LCA tools enabling the use of needed databases for district LCA. We then further our enquiry by making a literature review on the coupling of BIM and CIM with LCA, listing mentioned tools. Then, a critical analysis of this list is performed according to several criteria:●published case study using the tool,●use of geodata,●methodology,●tools conditions of use (open source or not, free or not).ResultsWe identified 73 LCA ecodesign tools. Only 7 have the ability to carry out LCA at the district scale, and 4 can integrate geospatial information
Benchmark des outils d'écoconception ACV à l'échelle du quartier
No full textInternational audienceBackgroundThere is an urgent need to decrease humanity's environmental impacts. Cities have an important role to play considering the continuous increase in urban population at both global and urban scale (United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, et Population Division 2019). Ecodesign tools for urban projects are essential to quantify and thus minimize cities environmental impacts but are still too scarcely used at the district scale (Brozovsky, Gustavsen, et Gaitani 2021). The fast development of digital models labeled as BIM (Building Information Model), CIM (City Information Model) or even BIM+ (Deprêtre, Jacquinod, and Mielniczek 2022) could foster the use, precision and reliability of existing ecodesign tools at the urban scale. It could also ease the use and development of new LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) methodologies such as consequential, dynamic and prospective LCA that currently comes at a high cost in terms of data needs (Anand et Amor 2017).PurposeWe propose this benchmark of eco-design tools for district LCA being able to use geospatial data. We focus on LCA tools since LCA is recognized as the most relevant method to evaluate environmental impacts. The objective of the benchmark is to list existing LCA tools adapted to early-design of urban projects and explore their efficiency and limits as far as district LCA is concerned. We focus on early-design stages where decisions have the most influence on environmental impacts (Kaushal et al. 2022).A district is always a unique, multifunctional system that is highly integrated with its environment. Consequently, LCA studies need to take into account precisely the situational context, including local climatic conditions, irradiation of the plot, roads and various networks, infrastructures, transport etc. (Peuportier et al. 2017). We thus focus on tools that allow for the use of geospatial data from BIM or CIM to account for those key aspects.MethodsWe first establish a list of LCA tools enabling the use of needed databases for district LCA. We then further our enquiry by making a literature review on the coupling of BIM and CIM with LCA, listing mentioned tools. Then, a critical analysis of this list is performed according to several criteria:●published case study using the tool,●use of geodata,●methodology,●tools conditions of use (open source or not, free or not).ResultsWe identified 73 LCA ecodesign tools. Only 7 have the ability to carry out LCA at the district scale, and 4 can integrate geospatial information
Alexandre de Rhodes (1593?-1660)
No full textBiografia do jesuíta francês Alexandre de Rhodes (1593?-1660), missionário na Cochinchina (Vietname) e no Tonquim. Autor do Dicionário Anamita-Português-Latim (1651), Rhodes foi uma figura central no choque de interesses entre o Padroado Português e as ambições diplomáticas e políticas da França na Indochina e na China.Biography of the French Jesuit Alexandre de Rhodes (1593?-1660), missionary in Cochinchina (Vietnam) and Tonkin. Author of the Anamita-Portuguese-Latin Dictionary (1651), Rhodes was a central figure in the clash of interests between the Portuguese Padroado and France's diplomatic and political ambitions in Indochina and China.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
La Clerecía de "Alexandre"
No full textEl artículo reflexiona sobre la educación que recibe Alexandre “El grande” a manos de su profesor Aristóteles, retratado en el “Libro de Alexandre”; a continuación analiza las disciplinas que compusieron dicho programa con el interés de proponer una interpretación de la lista de las siete artes liberales mencionadas. Este artículo ofrece una visión de las diferentes maneras en las que los textos reflejan la “clerecía” del protagonista así como de otros personajes, incluyendo el anónimo autor de los mismos. Cualquiera que se dedique a las mencionadas artes liberales será glorificado y Alexandre se presenta él mismo como modelo ideal de un príncipe en quien la nobleza y al inteligencia van unidas, una defensa clara de la “clerecía” como fuente fundamental de toda excelencia. This article deals with the education imparted on Alexander the Great by Aristotles, as portrayed in the “Libro de Alexandre”, analyzes the disciplines and proposes an interpretation of the list of the seven liberal arts mentioned therein. This article also offers an encompassing view of the different ways in which the text reflects the “clerecía2 of the protagonist as well as that of the other characters, including the anonymous author himself. Anyone who dedicates him or herself to the aforementioned liberal arts is thereby glorified, and Alexander presents himself as the ideal model of a prince in whom nobility and cleverness are joined, in a clear defense of the “clerecía” as the fundamental source of all excellence
Amélioration de la prise en compte des espaces extérieurs dans les outils d’écoconception de projets urbains
No full textCities are consuming increasing amounts of land to accommodate the majority of the world’s population, while accounting for 75% of global energy consumption and 70% of CO₂ emissions, according to the United Nations (2012) and the World Bank (2019). These pressures, intensified by continuous urbanization since the 1990s, are exacerbated in the context of climate change. Urban development cannot continue without a profound transformation of planning practices. The eco-design of urban projects must now combine mitigation and adaptation, notably through the use of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), the reference method for evaluating environmental impacts.Applied at the neighborhood scale, LCA enables the inclusion of often-overlooked elements, such as outdoor spaces. While eco-design tools have existed since the early 2000s, they only partially integrate these spaces. Yet, they are expected to deliver significant benefits in stormwater regulation, biodiversity, and thermal comfort. This thesis aims to enhance these tools by developing more comprehensive models specifically for such components.A pavement LCA model was first developed to assess impacts from construction through maintenance. It introduces original elementary components (e.g., asphalt plants, compactors) that are absent from existing environmental databases, allowing for more comprehensive assessments. Application to a case study confirmed the low contribution of pavements at the neighborhood scale, representing less than 3% of total impacts. In the context of urban adaptation—where public space projects are multiplying—reducing their footprint is necessary. The detailed model also facilitates the consideration of interactions between public spaces and other components, such as buildings.The focus then shifts to green spaces, particularly urban trees, recognized as providers of ecosystem services. A dedicated model is proposed to assess eight parameters, including water use, runoff reduction, and carbon storage. By integrating the temporal evolution of trees, it distinguishes their contribution by age—for example, canopy area increases by a factor of 14 between trees younger than 10 years and those older than 50—highlighting the value of eco-design strategies that preserve mature trees. Applied to the case study, the model shows a very low environmental footprint for substantial benefits (e.g., interception of ~20% of rainfall).Lastly, a compilation of open-access French geodata led to the creation of a database of 305,468 urban trees—surpassing reference datasets such as McPherson’s in size. This database supported the development of allometric equations adapted to the French context. The method used is reproducible and transferable to other territories, opening up scientific perspectives for a better understanding of the functioning of urban trees.Looking ahead, the pavement model could be extended to other types of structures and alternative processes (e.g., bio-based binders). The green space model could help enrich environmental databases with more representative data for urban trees. It may also contribute to the development of tools that support the planning of green spaces based on environmental criteria, thereby fostering applications at the intersection of geodata, spatial modeling, and urban eco-design. Finally, both models could be integrated into building eco-design tools to better account for interactions between components at the neighborhood scale (e.g., each element’s contribution to the water cycle, noise reduction, or urban microclimate regulation).Les villes consomment toujours plus d’espace pour abriter la majorité de la population mondiale, tout en concentrant 75% de la consommation énergétique et 70% des émissions de CO2, selon les Nations Unies (2012) et la Banque mondiale (2019). Ces pressions, amplifiées par une urbanisation continue depuis les années 1990, s’intensifient dans un contexte de dérèglement climatique. Le développement urbain ne peut se poursuivre sans une transformation profonde. L’écoconception des projets urbains doit désormais concilier atténuation et adaptation, en mobilisant notamment l’Analyse de Cycle de Vie (ACV), méthode de référence pour évaluer les impacts environnementaux. Appliquée à l’échelle du quartier, l’ACV permet de prendre en compte des éléments souvent négligés, comme les espaces extérieurs. Bien que des outils d’écoconception existent depuis le début des années 2000, ceux-ci n’intègrent ces espaces que de façon partielle. Pourtant, ils suscitent de fortes attentes en matière de régulation des eaux pluviales, de biodiversité ou de confort thermique. Cette thèse vise à enrichir ces outils par le développement de modèles dédiés plus complets. Un modèle d’ACV des chaussées a d’abord été développé pour évaluer leurs impacts, de la construction à l’entretien. Il introduit des briques élémentaires originales (centrale d’enrobage, compacteurs, etc.), absentes des bases de données environnementales existantes, pour une évaluation plus complète. L’application à un cas d’étude confirme que les chaussées ont une contribution faible à l’échelle de ce quartier, représentant moins de 3% des impacts globaux. Dans une perspective d’adaptation des villes où les opérations sur les espaces publics se multiplient, la réduction de l’empreinte de ces opérations est néanmoins nécessaire. Le modèle détaillé ouvre aussi la voie à la prise en compte d’interactions entre les espaces publics et les autres éléments comme les bâtiments. Les espaces verts sont ensuite étudiés, en particulier les arbres urbains, identifiés comme vecteurs de services écosystémiques. Un modèle est proposé pour évaluer huit paramètres dont la consommation d’eau, la réduction du ruissellement et le stockage carbone. Intégrant la dynamique de croissance des arbres, il permet de distinguer la contribution des arbres selon leur âge, avec par exemple, une surface de canopée multipliée par 14 (50 ans), soulignant l’intérêt de stratégies d’écoconception favorisant la conservation des arbres anciens. L’application au cas d’étude révèle une empreinte environnementale très faible pour des bénéfices significatifs (ex. interception d’environ 20% des précipitations).Enfin, un travail de compilation de géodonnées françaises en open data a permis de constituer une base de 305,468 arbres urbains, dépassant en nombre d’entités les jeux de données de référence comme ceux de McPherson. Cette base a servi à produire des équations allométriques adaptées au contexte français. La méthode utilisée est reproductible et transposable à d’autres territoires. Ce travail ouvre des perspectives scientifiques pour mieux comprendre le fonctionnement des arbres urbains. En perspective, le modèle de chaussée pourrait être étendu à d’autres types de structures et de procédés alternatifs (ex. liants biosourcés). Le modèle d’espace vert pourrait enrichir les bases de données environnementales avec des procédés représentatifs des arbres urbains. Il pourrait aussi contribuer au développement d’outils d’aide à l’implantation d’espaces verts, selon des critères environnementaux, contribuant au développement d’applications à l’interface entre géodonnées, modélisation spatiale et écoconception urbaine. Enfin, les deux modèles pourraient également être couplés aux outils d’écoconception des bâtiments pour mieux prendre en compte les interactions entre éléments à l’échelle du quartier (contribution de chaque élément au petit cycle de l’eau, atténuation du bruit ou influence sur le microclimat urbain)
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