1,720,968 research outputs found
The most relevant dilemmas regarding human life in U.S
No full textIn this scientific contribution we have, initially, retrace the historical born of bio-politic term and its relationship between it bio-politic and bioethics. The really objective of this publication is to highline the most relevant dilemmas relating human life politics in the United State during last years in the Obama’s mandate. During overview of the different U.S. politics that involving into the human life issues we paid attention to the last one most important heath care reform of the President Obama which bring United States to signed in 2010 the Affordable Care Act (ACA) – called Obamacare. Many are the ethical and bio-legal dilemmas that have come out of this new heath care reform. We had tried to retrace here the most relevant controversies. After examination of U.S. politics on human life – in the light of ontologically founded personalist – we have a strong conviction in the strength of the equal dignity of every human being from his or her fertilization at conception to their natural death. This conviction enlightens hope for our work and brightens our overlook to the future
The human rights to life and conscience and resolving conflicts of human rights
No full textThe authors raise the question of what should be done when legally recognized human rights come into conflict. This serious problem is further complicated by a lack of consensus concerning prioritization among human rights. Nevertheless, the authors believe that a solid legal and ethical case can be made that the right to life should trump other human rights claims, particularly in its negative version. It is in fact, logically and chronologically the most basic human right. The authors believe that there is a strong logic to prioritizing the three generations of human rights as generally more important to less so. Viewing the problem of conscience rights in healthcare settings through the prism of conflicting rights and attempting to determine which rights should prevail is also a helpful exercise. The authors concur with the generally high position that the human right of conscience of healthcare professionals has been granted in most legislation and court decisions on the issue
Centrarse en la práctica”: ética clínica de consulta en un caso de trasplante hepático ortotópico
No full textEl artículo presenta un caso clínico, dirigido en el año 2011 por el equipo de servicio de consulta ética clínica del Instituto de Bioética y Humanidades Médicas de la Facultad “Agostino Gemelli” de Medicina de la Universidad Católica del Sacro Cuore en Roma (Italia). El caso clínico se refiere a los dilemas éticos sobre las perspectivas del paciente para recibir un trasplante hepático ortotópico porque no era residente del país y carecía de un cuidador para asistirlo durante el periodo de seguimiento, así como de un lugar para quedarse después de la cirugía
Why teach “Bioethics and Human Rights” to healthcare professions undergraduates? / Zašto predavati „Bioetiku i ljudska prava“ studentima zdravstvenih studija
No full textThis article highlights the importance of teaching “bioethics and human rights” to undergraduate students seeking health care degrees and illustrates how this topic fits well within these programs of studies. Historical, cultural, anthropological and practical reasons support teaching these topics as enrichment of medical training. The years after the Second World War showed how bioethics, human rights and medicine are closely intertwined. Moreover the
relationship between human rights and bioethics has grown ever closer increasingly involving
medicine and health care professionals. The authors observe that medical students have to face
a cultural pluralism in bioethics and biolaw and we give students the opportunity to develop their critical thinking and logical argumentation abilities as well as their interest in academic research. Furthermore, the authors – who draw up briefly the experience of the Institute of
Bioethics at the Faculty of Medicine and Surgery of the UCSC (Rome) - assert the necessity to help medical students to be respectful of patients in every clinical setting. It is therefore of utmost importance to train students to focus on the ethical dimension of care and to
make good ethical decisions even in dilemmatic cases. To achieve this outcome, healthcare
professionals should possess an integral vision of their work (technical and humanistic competence) and sharp skills to reflect in depth, avoiding superficiality and negligence. From
this perspective, the teaching of “bioethics and human rights” could be very useful
The ethical horizon of the Elea-Velia medical school
No full textThe authors through the examination of direct documentary sources of the teaching of the founder of the medical school of Elea Velia, Parmenides, will demonstrate how the philosophical system of trought the first medical and physiologist of the organization eleate had an undisputed ascendancy instructive for the development and promotion the indo-mediterranean idea spread of human being between the fourth and fifth century B.C., in Magna Graecia. By the exposure of the text of the poem interpretations “On Nature”, in particular the fragments Nos. 12, 17-18 on embryogenetic doctrine of Parmenides, the thext supports a new, possible reading ethics of the great of Elea discourse, with particular reference to the cognitive values with inherent in the social context, anthropological, religious, physical and metaphysical presence in that historical moment. Once recognized and proven that the experience of physics and cosmic nature allows you to get in touch of ethical truth, an integral part of a more absolute truth present in all things, called: “Being”, the contribution welcomes the invitation not to do the unethical experience of “not being that is” useless, inconclusive and does not yield positive knowledge, but to practice ethics that hold a genuinely human behavior that allows to complete themselves doing good, avoiding evil, retaining a relationship of profound unity with the natural element
The Legislation on Living Organ Donation in Western Europe: Legal and Ethical Analysis and Impact on Clinical Practice
No full textIn Europe there are various directives on living organ donation (LOD) that are applied differently in member countries. The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) to identify the most relevant normative differences among the countries of Western Europe, and (2)
to evaluate the evolution of LOD data in these countries. We performed omparative
analysis of national legislations to identify the most significant common and different regulatory elements that were evaluated subsequently from an ethical-legal point of view.
For data analysis on LOD, we used the EULOD database of donations in Europe.
Relevant legislative differences emerged among European countries. Through legal and ethical analysis, it has possible to delineate two legal guidelines: on the one hand, based primarily on informed consent applying the principle of individual autonomy, and on the
other hand, informed consent associated with legal and medical criteria. From 1992 to 2009, countries with standards based primarily on individual informed consent showed an increase in LOD from 5.5% to 25.3%, which was greater than those in countries that had
additional legal requirements, namely, from 1.6% to 16.0.%. The distinct transpositions of the European Directives among singles countries related to LOD are based essentially only on the request for informed consent or for additional medical and legal requirements. The former practices which increases LOD, can facilitate “organ tourism
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
How could Ethical, Legal, Social & Organizational issues be further integrated in HTA processes? A proposal of “extended” ELSI logics: justifications and considerations moving from the debate and the experience.
No full textIt is known that ethical, legal, social and organizational domains are formally included among others in an health technology assessment (HTA)process. Nevertheless, there is - for various reasons - some difficulty to include those domains from the substantial point of view. The result is non infrequently that the HTA report will substantially reduces to the "classic" domanins represented by efficacy, safety, epidemiologic, economic domains, leaving out the other domains. This papaer aims to propose and argue in favour of the possibile introduction of the ELSI lofics in the HTA processe
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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