1,720,954 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Marketing Organic by Default
No full textDiese ethnographische Arbeit untersucht die ökonomischen Strategien von fünf Bio-Gewürzbauern im Bezirk Idukki, Kerala, Indien und ihre Beziehung zu einem Zertifizierungs- und Vermarktungs-Projekt einer ansässigen katholischen Entwicklungsorganisation.
Der Begriff „organic by default“ beschreibt Bauern, die auch wenn sie nicht biologisch-zertifiziert sind aus verschiedenen Gründen keine Pestizide oder chemische Dünger verwenden, und er hat sich als nützlich erwiesen, um sowohl die Strategien der Bauern als auch die der NGO einzuordnen, da er die aktive Distanzierung von externen Betriebsmitteln eine wichtige bäuerlicher Strategie beschreibt (vgl. van der Ploeg 2010).
In der speziellen Geschichte der Hügelregion, die großteils erst vor 50-60 Jahren, teils illegal, besiedelt wurde, haben syrisch-christliche Siedler eine recht dominante Rolle gespielt und viele konnten durch kleinflächigen Anbau von Gewürzen, Tee und Kaffee unter teils massivem Dünger- und Pestizideinsatz einen gewissen Wohlstand erwirtschaften, was sie von vielen anderen indischen Bauern unterscheidet. Mittlerweile sind aber viele Böden ausgelaugt und auch die Krebsraten sind in gewissen Gebieten alarmierend.
Als Biobauern grenzen sich die in dieser Arbeit porträtierten Bauern vom Einsatz chemischer Betriebsmittel ab und betonen, teilweise schon lange vor ihrer Bio-Zertifizierung eigene Wege gefunden zu haben. Für diese Arbeit wurden sie ausgewählt um ein breites Feld von verschiedenen landwirtschaftlichen Praktiken, unterschiedlichen Vermarktungswegen und die Rolle von Tourismus und anderen, nicht-landwirtschaftlichen Tätigkeiten aufzuzeigen. Außerdem wurden unterschiedliche Ideen zu Natur und Landwirtschaft untersucht und gezeigt, wie sich die Bauern in globalen Debatten des biologischen Landbau verorten. Alle Bauern betonen sich weit über die vorgeschriebenen Richtlinien hinaus eigene biologische Anbaumethoden angeeignet zu haben.
Drei der porträtierten Bauern sind in unterschiedlichen Positionen in dem erwähnten Vermarktungsprojekt involviert. Während Sebastian wenig damit zu tun hat, außer dass er dadurch seine Zertifizierung bekommt, die er für Tourismus nützt, ist Mutupathi, ein wesentlich größerer Bauer, auf mehreren Ebenen als Repräsentant der Bauern im Projekt engagiert. Der dritte Bauer, Renju, ist erst relativ neu im Projekt und kritisiert es teilweise heftig.
Auch die anderen zwei Bauern kritisieren das Vermarktungsprojekt, weil sie es als Konkurrenz für ihre eigenen Vermarktungsstrategien sehen und ihm vorwerfen die mit einer zu niedrigen Bioprämie den lokalen Markt zu zerstören. Einer von ihnen hat selbst eine Gruppe zur Vermarktung von Gewürzen gegründet, während der andere, ein bayrischer Aussteiger, seine Beziehungen nach Deutschland und das Internet zur Vermarktung nützt. Er hat auch eine interessante Methode Kardamom anzubauen entwickelt, die sich an Permakultur und Minimalbodenbearbeitung orientiert.
Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit wird die katholische Entwicklungsorganisation näher beleuchtet und in den politischen Kontext der Hügelregion gestellt, in dem die Kirche ein wichtiger politischer Akteur ist.
Die Entwicklungsorganisation treibt biologischen Anbau auf mehreren Ebenen voran indem sie z.B. Vermicompost (eine Kompostiermethode mit Erdwürmern) oder Biocontrol Agents (biologische Schädlingsbekämpfung mit Hilfe von natürlichen Feinden der Schädlinge) weiterentwickelt und propagiert. Darüber hinaus vermarkten Teilprojekte Tee und Gewürze. Besonders das Gewürzprojekt wird sehr professionell und erfolgreich geführt und verfügt über eine eigene high-tech Verarbeitungs- und Verpackungsanlage. Die mehr als zweitausend Bauern sind durch Gruppenzertifizierung zertifiziert und werden durch sieben Inspektoren des Internal Control Systems (ICS) kontrolliert und unterstützt. Auch der Einkauf bei den Bauern wird über die Inspektoren abgewickelt.
Die Arbeit reflektiert auch die Vor- und Nachteile dieser Art der Gruppenzertifizierung und untersucht die Orientierung der Projekts auf Kleinbauern, die bereits „organic by default“ waren und deshalb nur geringe Ertragseinbußen bei der Umstellung haben.This ethnography explores the economic strategies of five organic spice farmers in the Idukki district in Kerala, India and their relationship to a certification and marketing project of a local Catholic development NGO.
'Organic by default' describes farmers who don't use synthetic inputs for various reasons even when they are not certified. The term proved to be very useful as it allowed an understanding of the strategies of the organic farmers, as well as the policies of CDS within the framework of peasant studies, as an important peasant strategy of actively constructed distantiation (see van der Ploeg 2010).
The hill area has a very specific history because it has experienced a massive population growth through internal migration, and Syrian-Christian settler-farmers have played a dominant role in this process. Many of the latter cultivated spices, tea and coffee under immense use of chemical inputs and were able to amass considerable wealth. In contrast to many other farmers in India they are ascending towards the middle-class. However, at the same time, plots are now often eroded and cancer rates in some areas have become alarming.
Some of the organic farmers dealt with in this paper have rejected the use of synthetic inputs long before they were certified. All of them, however, stress that they found their own ways of organic cultivation which allowed them to articulate their position in relation to global organic debates. The farmers were selected to present a diverse field of agricultural practices, different marketing channels and various ways of generating additional income, for example via tourism.
Three of them occupy different positions within the organic Spice marketing project. While Sebastian uses the certificate he received through the project mostly for his tourism venture, Mutupathi, a bigger farmer, represents the farmers on various administrative levels of the project. Renju, however, is relatively new to the project and is rather critical of it.
Also critical are the two other farmers, who are outside the project. They consider it as a competition to their own marketing strategies and claim that paying lower premiums the project “destroys the market”. One of them has founded a farmers’ group for marketing organic produce himself, while the other, a German expatriate, makes use of the internet and his connections to Germany for marketing. He has also developed an interesting method of organic cardamom cultivation, which is influenced by permaculture, Fukuoka and No-Till ideas.
The second part of the paper focuses on the Catholic development NGO and reflects on the political context of the hill area, in which the Church occupies a dominant position.
The NGO promotes organic cultivation on many levels, for example through developing and propagating techniques such as vermicomposting (a way of composting with earthworms) and biocontrol agents (a way of organic pest and disease control which makes use of natural enemies of the pests). The NGO also tries to export organic tea and spices through sub-projects.
Worth noting is that the spice marketing initiative is very professional and successful, and operates its own very modern processing and packaging facility. More than 2000 farmers are certified through a group certificate and the inspectors of the Internal Control System support and control them. The inspectors also handle the spice purchases from the farmers.
This paper discusses the pros and cons of this form of marketing based on a group certificate and investigates the project’s orientation towards organic by default farmers who experience a much lower crop loss during conversion
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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