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Replication Data for: Critical Values Robust to P-hacking
No full textReview of Economics and Statistics: Forthcomin
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Fiscal Multipliers Over the Business Cycle
No full textThis paper develops a theory characterizing the effects of fiscal policy on unemployment over the business cycle. The theory is based on a model of equilibrium unemployment in which jobs are rationed in recessions. Fiscal policy in the form of government spending on public-sector jobs reduces unemployment, especially during recessions: the fiscal multiplier---the reduction in unemployment rate achieved by spending one dollar on public-sector jobs---is positive and countercyclical. Although the labor market always sees vast flows of workers and a great deal of matching, recessions are periods of acute job shortage without much competition for workers among recruiting firms. Hence hiring in the public sector reduces unemployment effectively because it does not crowd out hiring in the private sector much. An implication is that empirical studies should control for the state of the economy when fiscal policies are implemented to estimate accurately the amplitude of fiscal multipliers in recessions.business cycle; fiscal multiplier; job rationing; matching frictions; unemployment
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Modeling Migration-Induced Unemployment
Get PDFImmigration is often blamed for increasing unemployment among local workers.
This sentiment is reflected in the rise of anti-immigration parties and
policies in Western democracies. And in fact, numerous studies estimate that in
the short run, the arrival of new workers in a labor market raises the
unemployment rate of local workers. Yet, standard migration models, such as the
Walrasian model and the Diamond-Mortensen-Pissarides model, inherently assume
that immigrants are absorbed into the labor market without affecting local
unemployment. This paper presents a more general model of migration that allows
for the possibility that not only the wages but also the unemployment rate of
local workers may be affected by the arrival of newcomers. This extension is
essential to capture the full range of potential impacts of labor migration on
labor markets. The model blends a matching framework with job rationing. In it,
the arrival of new workers raises the unemployment rate among local workers,
particularly in a depressed labor market where job opportunities are limited.
On the positive side, in-migration helps firms fill vacancies more easily,
boosting their profits. The overall impact of in-migration on local welfare
varies with labor market conditions: in-migration reduces welfare when the
labor market is inefficiently slack, but it enhances welfare when the labor
market is inefficiently tight
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Fiscal multipliers over the business cycle
No full textThis paper develops a theory characterizing the effects of fiscal policy on unemployment over the business cycle. The theory is based on a model of equilibrium unemployment in which jobs are rationed in recessions. Fiscal policy in the form of government spending on public-sector jobs reduces unemployment, especially during recessions: the fiscal multiplier---the reduction in unemployment rate achieved by spending one dollar on public-sector jobs---is positive and countercyclical. Although the labor market always sees vast flows of workers and a great deal of matching, recessions are periods of acute job shortage without much competition for workers among recruiting firms. Hence hiring in the public sector reduces unemployment effectively because it does not crowd out hiring in the private sector much. An implication is that empirical studies should control for the state of the economy when fiscal policies are implemented to estimate accurately the amplitude of fiscal multipliers in recessions
Jobs in a recession: now would be a good time for the government to conduct infrastructure projects but a bad time to cut unemployment benefits
No full textPascal Michaillat discusses research on employment during recessions, arguing against unemployment benefit cuts as a tool to incentivise job-seeking and suggesting that public employment is especially effective at stimulating the economy – without crowding out the private sector – at any time when the labour market is depressed
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