390 research outputs found
After Years of Decline, Private Health Insurance Rates Among Children Grew in 2014
No full textIn this fact sheet, author Michael Staley reports that rates of private health insurance coverage for children increased between 2013 and 2014 for the first time since 2008, the first year in which the American Community Survey collected data on health insurance. Between 2008 and 2014 (the most recent data), rates of children’s coverage grew nearly 4 percentage points; to 94 percent. Growth in public insurance, such as Medicaid and the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP), was largely responsible for these gains (up 10.8 percentage points since 2008), while rates of private insurance coverage fell concurrently (down 5.6 percentage points)
Record number of children covered by health insurance in 2011
No full textUsing data from the 2008 through 2011 American Community Survey, this brief describes rates of children’s health insurance coverage nationally, by region, and place type (that is, rural, suburban, and central city). In addition, it details the composition of coverage in the United States, specifically the proportion of children covered by private and public insurance. Author Michael Staley reports that rates of insurance coverage for children under age 18 increased from 90 percent in 2008 to 92.5 percent in 2011 and that the proportion of children covered by public health insurance increased substantially for the fourth consecutive year in every kind of place—rural, suburban, and in central cities. Rates of private insurance coverage among children decreased for the fourth consecutive year. Staley discusses how possible cuts to federal insurance programs could impact children\u27s coverage, in addition to policy considerations for increasing the overall rate of insurance
Coverage Rates Stabilize for Children’s Health Insurance: State Policy Change May Be Needed to Address Remaining Children Without Insurance
No full textThis brief uses data from the American Community Survey to estimate children’s health insurance coverage from 2008–2013 across the United States as well as by region, place type, and type of coverage. Author Michael Staley reports that decreases in rates of private insurance coverage among children were offset by increases in rates of coverage by public insurance in 2013, keeping national coverage stable at 92.9 percent. Rates rose in the West, continuing a trend since 2008. However, at 91 percent, rates among children there are still lower than in the Northeast and Midwest, where rates have stabilized above 94 percent. In addition, children in rural places are less likely to have insurance than children in central cities or suburbs. Staley concludes that state-level policy changes that are aimed at increasing the number of insured children may be the most effective at increasing the overall number of children insured nationally
Public Insurance Drove Overall Coverage Growth Among Children in 2012
No full textUsing data from the American Community Survey, this brief examines the rates of health insurance coverage among children under 18 in the United States by region and by rural, suburban, and central city residence between 2008 and 2012. Author Michael Staley reports that, between 2011 and 2012, overall rates of health insurance coverage among children increased slightly (0.3 percentage point); 92.8 percent of the nation’s children had health insurance in 2012. Rates of public health insurance coverage for children grew from 28.3 percent in 2008 to 38.1 percent in 2012, whereas rates of private health insurance coverage for children decreased from 64.1 percent in 2008 to 58.3 percent in 2012. Since 2008, rates of public health insurance among children have increased the most (more than 10 percentage points) in the South, the West, and central cities throughout the United States, which has resulted in narrowing the gap among regions and place types
More Than 95 Percent of U.S. Children Had Health Insurance in 2015
No full textIn this brief, author Michael Staley examines rates of children’s health insurance across the United States, by region and by place type, breaking down rates by private and public coverage. He reports that over 95 percent of all U.S. children under age 18 were covered by some form of health insurance in 2015—the highest share since the American Community Survey began measuring insurance rates in 2008. Rates of coverage increased between 2014 and 2015 in all four U.S. regions, and the greatest growth occurred in the South and West. Growth in public insurance—Medicaid and the Children’s Health Insurance Program— remained a major driver of increases in children’s coverage: over 375,000 more children were covered in 2015 than in the previous year. For the second consecutive year, however, rates of private health insurance coverage increased among children: in 2015, approximately 150,000 more children were covered by private insurance than in the previous year. The author concludes that any future attempts to reform health insurance ought to be scrutinized for their impact on children’s health insurance
Health Insurance Among Young Adults Rebounds Post Recession: More Become Dependents on a Parent\u27s Plan After ACA Extends Coverage to Adult Children
No full textWhile much of the existing research explores young adults\u27 insurance only in the post-recession period (that is, 2010 to present), authors Michael Staley and Jessica Carson assess young adults\u27 rates of coverage within and beyond the context of the recession by examining changes across the entire 2007 to 2012 period
Total children covered by health insurance increased in 2009
No full textThis brief uses data collected in 2008 and 2009 from the U.S. Census Bureau\u27s American Community Survey (ACS) to examine changes in overall insurance coverage rates, as well as changes in types of coverage, and differences by region, state, and place type. The data show that together with new and more inclusive parameters for children\u27s health insurance coverage, rates of children\u27s health insurance have grown during the final year of the recession. Authors Jessica Bean and Michael Staley of the Carsey Institute discuss the complex factors contributing to the shift from private to public health insurance among children. The authors conclude that, because those who have health insurance are healthier overall and, more importantly, because healthy children are more likely to become healthy adults, focusing on covering eligible children should remain at the forefront of the nation\u27s agenda
Hispanic Children Least Likely to Have Health Insurance: Citizenship, Ethnicity, and Language Barriers to Coverage
No full textThis policy brief examines health insurance coverage of Hispanic children and its relationship to their citizenship status, their parents’ citizenship status, parents’ insurance coverage, language spoken at home, and their state’s Medicaid expansion policies. Using the most recent data from the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey collected in 2014, authors Michael Staley and Jessica Carson report that Hispanic children are less likely to have health insurance than black or white children, a gap that is explained by differences in citizenship status between Hispanic and non-Hispanic children. Noncitizen Hispanic children are nearly three times more likely to be uninsured than Hispanic citizen children living with citizen parents and more than three times more likely to be uninsured than citizen children living with noncitizen parents. Hispanic children who do not have an insured parent are seven times more likely to be uninsured than Hispanic children with at least one insured parent. In conclusion, they suggest policy considerations that might incrementally reduce the number of uninsured children
Where Participatory Approaches Meet Pragmatism in Funded (Health) Research: The Challenge of Finding Meaningful Spaces
No full textThe term participatory research is now widely used as a way of categorising research that has moved beyond researching "on" to researching "with" participants. This paper draws attention to some confusions that lie behind such categorisation and the potential impact of those confusions on qualitative participatory research in practice. It illuminates some of the negative effects of "fitting in" to spaces devised by other types of research and highlights the importance of forging spaces for presenting participatory research designs that suit a discursive approach and that allow the quality and impact of such research to be recognised. The main contention is that the adoption of a variety of approaches and purposes is part of the strength of participatory research but that to date the paradigm has not been sufficiently articulated. Clarifying the unifying features of the participatory paradigm and shaping appropriate ways for critique could support the embedding of participatory research into research environments, funding schemes and administration in a way that better reflects the nature and purpose of authentic involvement
Critical evaluation of solid waste sample processing for DNA-based microbial community analysis
No full textLandfills represent a unique microbial ecosystem and play a significant role in global biogeochemical processes. The study of complex ecosystems such as landfills using DNA-based techniques can be advantageous since they allow for analysis of uncultured organisms and offer higher resolution in measuring demographic and metabolic (functional) diversity. However, sample acquisition and processing from refuse is challenging due to material heterogeneity. Decomposed refuse was used to evaluate the effect of seven sample processing methods on Bacteria and Archaea community structure using T-RFLP. Bias was assessed using measured richness and by comparing community structure using multi-dimensional scaling (MDS). Generally, direct methods were found to be most biased while indirect methods (i. e., removal of cellular material from the refuse matrix before DNA extraction) were least biased. An indirect method using PO4 buffer gave consistently high bacterial and archaeal richness and also resulted in 28 and 34percent recovery of R. albus and M. formicicum spiked into refuse, respectively. However, the highest recovery of less abundant T-RFs was achieved using multiple processing methods. 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