829 research outputs found
Dissociating the facets of hope: agency and pathways predict dropout from unguided self-help therapy in opposite directions
No full textHope comprises two components: agency (“goal directed determination”) and pathways (“planning of ways to meet goals”). We tested whether these two components can be dissociated and therefore differentially predict dropout from two unguided self-help interventions to reduce worry (gratitude vs. thought monitoring and cognitive restructuring interventions, N = 247 entered, 136 completed). The two hope components significantly predicted attrition in opposite directions; agency predicted completion (OR = 2.15, CI = 1.27–3.64, p = .004), whereas pathways predicted dropout (OR = .47, CI = .29–.77, p = .003). Gratitude and thought monitoring reduced worry compared a wait list control, and for completers there was no difference in outcome. Conclusion: hope facets can be dissociated; gratitude techniques are as effective and have better retention than a technique commonly used in cognitive behavior therapy
Cult collectors: Nostalgia, fandom and collecting popular culture, by Lincoln Geraghty
No full textReview of Lincoln Geraghty, Cult Collectors: Nostalgia, Fandom and Collecting Popular Culture. New York: Routledge, 2014. $39.95 (224p) ISBN 978-0-415-61766-6
Dispositional predictors of placebo responding: a motivational interpretation of flower essence and gratitude therapy
No full textObjectivesThe aim of this study was to test a motivational interpretation of placebo responding using two different types of placebo therapy, one using flower essences and the other a nonspecific psychological therapy. The motivational concordance interpretation is that therapeutic rituals that are consistent with self-defining or self-actualizing goals have a nonspecific therapeutic benefit independently of expectancy.MethodsStudy 1 was a replication of an earlier flower essence outcome study but with additional outcome and predictor variables: 167 people completed questionnaires in return for free flower essence treatment. Predictor variables consisted of two measures of spirituality, optimism, expectancy, and attitudes and beliefs to complementary medicine. Outcome was assessed after 3 weeks. In Study 2, 90 people took part in “gratitude therapy” for improved sleep quality over one night in return for questionnaire completion (trait gratitude, spirituality, and expectancy).ResultsStudy 1 confirmed previous research: Trait spirituality predicted perceived improvement. This improvement was independent of optimism (P<.001), cannot be explained by acquiescence or social desirability, and was independent of a highly conservative test of expectancy (P=.02). In Study 2, trait gratitude predicted perceived sleep improvement independently of expectancy (P=.01): Spirituality did not correlate with improvement.ConclusionsThese data suggest that in addition to expectations, degree of engagement in a positive, therapeutic ritual determines the extent of the placebo response. The placebo response depends in part on the interaction (i.e., the degree of concordance) between the type of therapy and the participant's personality: Dispositional predictors vary with the type of placebo therapy.<br/
Role of vaccines for recurrent urinary tract infections: a systematic review
No full textContext: recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs) can be a difficult condition to treat, and the role of vaccines is unclear. Objective: To systematically review the role of vaccines in the treatment of rUTIs, looking at efficacy, adverse events, and discontinuation from treatment. Evidence acquisition: we systematically reviewed the role of vaccines for rUTIs using the Cochrane and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) methodologies for all English-language articles from inception of databases to July 2018. Data were collected for different vaccine types, short- (≤6 mo) and long-term (>6 mo) efficacy, and adverse effects with risk of bias assessment of included studies. Evidence synthesis: after initial identification of 1680 articles, 36 abstracts were screened, 25 full-text articles were assessed, and 17 (including 3228 patients; 1970 in the vaccine group and 1258 in the comparison group) were included. There were three studies in Uromune, nine in OM-89/UroVaxom, four in Solco-Urovac, and one in ExPEC4 V groups. Uromune, UroVaxom, and Solco-Urovac reported on the short-term follow-up, and the overall efficacy for vaccination demonstrated a significant odds ratio (OR) of 0.17 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.06–0.50). Uromune, UroVaxom, and ExPEC4 V reported on the long-term follow-up, and the overall efficacy for vaccination demonstrated a significant OR of 0.20 (95% CI 0.07–0.59). The reported side effects were mild and varied from 0% to 13% across studies, and treatment withdrawal or exclusion due to adverse events was reported in 11 patients. Conclusions: vaccines seem to have a short-term role in the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections with tolerable side effects. However, due to lack of uniformity of definitions and long-term follow-up, more work needs to be done with inclusion of other high-risk patient groups. Patient summary: In this study, we look at the role of vaccines for recurrent urinary tract infections. We found that they seem to have a short-term role in the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections and might play an increasing role in the future. In this study, we look at the role of vaccines for recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs). We found that they seem to have a short-term role in the prevention of recurrent UTIs and might play an increasing role in the future.</p
Attrition from self-directed interventions: Investigating the relationship between psychological predictors, intervention content and dropout from a body dissatisfaction intervention
No full textThe aims of this study were to (a) identify the predictors of attrition from a fully self-directed intervention, and (b) to test whether an intervention to increase gratitude is an effective way to reduce body dissatisfaction. Participants (N = 479, from the United Kingdom) aged 18–76 years took part in a self-help study via the Internet and were randomized to receive one of two interventions, gratitude diaries (n = 130), or thought monitoring and restructuring (n = 118) or a waitlist control (n = 231) for a two week body dissatisfaction intervention. The gratitude intervention (n = 40) was as effective as monitoring and restructuring (n = 22) in reducing body dissatisfaction, and both interventions were significantly more effective than the control condition (n = 120). Participants in the gratitude group were more than twice as likely to complete the intervention compared to those in the monitoring and restructuring group. Intervention content, baseline expectancy and internal locus of control significantly predicted attrition. This study shows that a gratitude intervention can be as effective as a technique commonly used in cognitive therapy and is superior in retaining participants. Prediction of attrition is possible from both intervention content and psychological variables.<br/
Generalized Geraghty type mappings on partial metric spaces and fixed point results
No full textIn the present paper, we introduce generalized Geraghty (Proc Am Math Soc 40:604–608, 1973) mappings on partial metric spaces and give a fixed point theorem which generalizes some recent results appearing in the literature. © 2013, The Author(s)
Response to the editorial by Dr Geraghty
No full textThis article is written in response to the linked editorial by Dr Geraghty about the adaptive Pacing, graded Activity and Cognitive behaviour therapy; a randomised Evaluation (PACE) trial, which we led, implemented and published. The PACE trial compared four treatments for people diagnosed with chronic fatigue syndrome. All participants in the trial received specialist medical care. The trial found that adding cognitive behaviour therapy or graded exercise therapy to specialist medical care was as safe as, and more effective than, adding adaptive pacing therapy or specialist medical care alone. Dr Geraghty has challenged these findings. In this article, we suggest that Dr Geraghty’s views are based on misunderstandings and misrepresentations of the PACE trial; these are corrected
sj-docx-2-jet-10.1177_15266028221083462 – Supplemental material for Twenty-Four Month Results of Tack-Optimized Balloon Angioplasty Using the Tack Endovascular System in Below-the-Knee Arteries
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-2-jet-10.1177_15266028221083462 for Twenty-Four Month Results of Tack-Optimized Balloon Angioplasty Using the Tack Endovascular System in Below-the-Knee Arteries by George L. Adams, Michael Lichtenberg, Christian Wissgott, Andrej Schmidt, Trisha Tarra, Shannon Matricardi and Patrick J. Geraghty in Journal of Endovascular Therapy</p
- …
