1,720,963 research outputs found
Transfobia e pressione sociale
Get PDFIl presente contributo intende offrire una panoramica storico-teorica dei fenomeni attraverso cui ha preso forma la stigmatizzazione delle identità transgender e gender nonconforming (TGNC), dai modelli patologizzanti predominanti nelle scienze psichiatriche fino alla metà del XX secolo, agli agiti di violenza perpetrati a danno degli individui TGNC all’interno di differenti contesti di vita. Particolare attenzione viene posta al contesto scolastico, in cui la documentata consistenza degli atti di bullismo evidenzia il persistere di atteggiamenti di intolleranza, discriminazione e ostilità verso la non conformità di genere. Tuttavia, lo scardinamento della visione patologica del transgenderismo decretato definitivamente con la recente pubblicazione dall’ICD-10 e l’elaborazione di documenti internazionali di supporto ai professionisti che operano in ambito clinico, di ricerca, educativo e formativo, testimoniano l’emergenza di un approccio culturale più profondamente inclusivo e rispettoso alla varianza di genere
Individui non-binary e genderqueer: Una review critica su salute, stigma e risorse
Get PDFL’espressione non-binary e genderqueer (NBGQ) indica quelle persone che vivono la propria identità di genere in modo non conforme al binarismo di genere, ovvero non riconoscendosi esclusivamente né nel genere maschile né in quello femminile, ma in uno o più generi che oscillano tra questi, li attraversano e/o ne esulano completamente. Nonostante il notevole incremento di conoscenze raggiunto nell'ultimo decennio sulla popolazione transgender, la ricerca psicosociale ha spesso omogeneizzato la pluralità di declinazioni identitarie abbracciate da questa ampia categoria-ombrello, occultando cruciali differenze di vissuti ed esperienze identitarie come quelle NBGQ. Il presente contributo raccoglie ed esamina, tramite una review critica, gli studi internazionali che negli ultimi anni si sono focalizzati sulla popolazione NBGQ. Opportunamente differenziate dalla popolazione transgender, queste persone rivelano peculiari processi identitari e una specificità di bisogni, barriere e rischi sanitari. I dati sulla salute delle persone NBGQ, seppur ancora scarsi e poco chiari, evidenziano un quadro di forte disparità e rischio psicosociale, riconducibili allo stigma ancora radicato che grava sulla non conformità di genere. Le brevi raccomandazioni cliniche e di ricerca fornite sottolineano la necessità di un ripensamento degli assetti normativi imperniati sul binarismo di genere e di un ampliamento delle prospettive e degli approcci che orientano le pratiche professionali
Adattamento italiano delle “Linee-guida per la pratica psicologica con persone transgender e gender nonconforming” dell’American Psychological Association
No full textLavorare con le persone transgender e gender nonconforming (TGNC) richiede specifiche competenze psicologico-cliniche che, spesso, gli istituti formativi a cui gli psicologi si rivolgono non forniscono. Questa carenza rappresenta una grande lacuna per tutti quegli psicologi che potrebbero trovarsi ad avere a che fare nel proprio lavoro con tale popolazione. Questa è la ragione fondamentale che ci ha spinti a tradurre in italiano le Guidelines for Psychological Practice With Transgender and Gender Nonconforming People redatte a fine 2015 dall’American Psychological Association. Si tratta di linee-guida imprescindibili per il lavoro psicologico-clinico con le persone TGNC, i cui bisogni specifici di salute sono troppo spesso oscurati e non riconosciuti. Il lettore italiano avrà modo di riconoscere le differenze culturali e legali che intercorrono tra il contesto americano e quello italiano. Molti dei riferimenti utilizzati nelle presenti linee-guida, infatti, si rifanno esplicitamente alla legislazione americana, così come la maggior parte delle ricerche citate sono state condotte con campioni costituiti da persone TGNC americane. Gli psicologi italiani potranno riferirsi all’Osservatorio Nazionale sull’Identità di Genere (ONIG) (http://www.onig.it/drupal/) per avere una visione d’insieme sull’attuale legge che regola il percorso di transizione delle persone TGNC e dei centri italiani che si occupano specificamente di questa popolazione. Nonostante queste cruciali differenze, relativamente alle prestazioni sanitarie collegate al percorso di transizione, tutti i centri italiani raggruppati attorno all’ONIG si rifanno alle attuali linee-guida della World Professional Association for Transgender Health. Ciò rende le presenti linee-guida facilmente adattabili al contesto italiano. Ci auguriamo che tutti gli psicologi italiani possano attingere a queste linee-guida per il proprio lavoro indirizzato alle persone TGNC, nell’auspicio che queste ultime si possano sentire sempre più riconosciute e che, soprattutto, ricevano cure adeguate, competenti e scientificamente informate
Minority stress and mental health in European transgender and gender diverse people: A systematic review of quantitative studies
Get PDFThe current study aimed at systematically reviewing evidence on the relationships between gender minority stress and mental health outcomes among European transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals. A systematic search was conducted in PsycINFO, PubMED, Scopus, and Google Scholar. It was based on Boolean operators to combine terms related to minority stress, TGD identities, and mental health. Thirty studies were identified as eligible. The results confirmed that gender minority stress factors are significantly related with mental health problems among European TGD individuals. Distal stressors were identified as strongly associated with poorer mental health, with gender-related discrimination emerging as the most documented risk factor. The significant role of proximal stressors was also highlighted, with some mediation analyses detecting an indirect effect on mental health. However, identity concealment appeared unrelated to mental health outcomes. Resilience-promoting factors buffering the impact of stressors were also identified, including self-esteem, pride, transitioning, and social support. Conversely, data on community connectedness as a source of resilience were inconclusive. The studies reviewed have several limitations, including lack of longitudinal designs, sampling bias, variability in measurement methods, and unaccounted ethnic variables. Research and clinical recommendations in this field are reported
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
An Animal-Assisted Education Intervention with Dogs to Promote Emotion Comprehension in Primary School Children—The Federico II Model of Healthcare Zooanthropology
Get PDFEmotion comprehension (EC) is a crucial competence for children, as it determines the quality of peer interactions. This study assessed the efficacy of an animal-assisted education (AAE) intervention with dogs based on the Federico II Model of Healthcare Zooanthropology (FMHZ) to promote EC in a group of primary school children. One hundred and four children (48 females) aged 6–7 years took part in the study, of whom 63 participated in the AAE intervention (i.e., experimental group) and 41 did not (i.e., control group). The intervention was deployed in a school setting through a group format and consisted of five bimonthly sessions. EC was assessed pre- and post-intervention, and at a 3-month follow-up. Student’s t-test and mixed-model ANOVA were performed to analyze the effect of the intervention on EC. EC significantly improved in children of the experimental group compared to the control group. Significant time effects from pre- to post-intervention, post-intervention to follow-up, and pre-intervention to follow-up assessment were found in the experimental group only. AAE based on FMHZ was effective in improving EC in children
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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