1,721,232 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Immunologische aandoeningen met cutane manifestaties: exploratie van de genetische en immunologische basis
No full textThe skin functions as a barrier against invasion of pathogens from the environment. This function is fulfilled by first, rich variety of microflora being housed on the skin to outcompete potential harmful microbes in the environment for survival; second, the complex structural architecture of the skin, e.g. the stratified nature of outer epidermis and inner dermis, presence of tight junctions, etc; and third, the constant presence of competent immune cells to effectively clear infections. However, in situations such as observed in genetically pre-disposed individuals, the skin barrier can be breached leading to recurrent or chronic susceptibility to infections like S. aureus and candida. Other cutaneous disorders like pruritus, vitiligo, psoriasis, and keratosis, etc have been observed. Usually, no treatment regimens exist for patients except for targeted treatment of recurring infections or bone marrow/stem cell transplantation. Such treatments have drawbacks such as development of resistant strains or graft versus host disease (GVHD) respectively. Understanding the molecular mechanism underlying the pathophysiology of such disorders is key to designing therapeutic interventions. This study focused on understanding the genetic and immunological defects underlying two different immune disorders with cutaneous manifestations. First, we sought to understand the transcriptional mechanism Aire (autoimmune regulator) uses to regulate the gene expression of pancreatic-specific antigens in the thymic medulla in promoting tolerance towards the antigens. The Â#Hierarchical modelÂ# of gene regulation was tested in a thymus, in a situation whereby Aire adopts peripheral Pdx1 gene regulation mechanism. This mechanism allows thymic expression of pancreatic TRAs such as insulin (Ins2) and Sst in order to promote tolerance to these antigens. Gene expression analysis revealed that although thymic gene expression of Pdx1, Ins2 and Sst are Aire-dependent, Ins2 and Sst thymic gene expression could proceed in the absence of Pdx1. When tolerance towards insulin was monitored using insHEL transgenic system, our data showed no difference in the amount of tolerogenic insHEL-specific 3A9 TCR cells in Pdx1-deficient and Pdx1-sufficient thymic environment. These results suggest that although Aire drives the thymic expression of the transcription factor Pdx1 and its downstream autoantigens such as insulin, the thymic Pdx1 expression is not necessary for tolerogenic insulin expression in the thymus, thus, Aire does not use the Pdx1-dependent peripheral regulation pathways in the thymus. Our data supports a model for direct transcriptional activity on Aire-regulated genes in the thymus. Secondly, we focused on exploring the genetic and immunological bases of a case study patient clinically diagnosed with OS. Exome sequencing data revealed novel Gly573Ala mutation with potential damaging effect to the TRPV3 protein. This identification verifies and re-enforces the establishment of mutation in TRPV3 as the underlying genetic defect in OS. Additionally, a look at the immune profile resulted in the identification of immune dysregulation in the OS patient, particularly, hyper IgE, eosinophilia and high levels of Tfh cells. The immune dysregulation could be the primary defect with cutaneous manifestation of hyperkeratosis lesions. It could also be a secondary consequence of a primary cutaneous defect. Our data uncover the need for further investigation to 1) determine the penetrance of the immune dysregulation in other OS cases, 2) ascertain the pathophysiological mechanism of the immune dysregulation. In conclusion, the present study provides insights into the molecular mechanism of two immune disorders that present with cutaneous defects. In the case of APS1, our data supported the idea that the transcriptional regulatory mechanism of Aire is via direct targeting of Aire-dependent TRAs, although Â#hierarchicalÂ# transcription seemed plausible. This suggests that future studies should be geared toward a direct transcriptional mechanism by Aire. On the other hand, alternative approach to testing #hierarchical# model should consider TFs other than the known peripheral TFs that regulate the TRAs. In the OS study, the identification of novel Gly573Ala mutation contributes to the knowledge of clinical variants of TRPV3 which could be placed in database curated for clinical variants. More so, data on the detailed immune profile and immune dysregulation in a case of OS is the first to be reported. Our data, thus, sets the grounds for further studies regarding immunological component of OS pathophysiology.status: Publishe
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
EBV Infection and Human Primary Immune Deficiencies
No full textEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous virus that infects 95% of adults worldwide; the vast majority of persons have asymptomatic or non-specific primary infection and no complications associated with EBV during their lifetime. Some persons, particularly those who are infected as adolescents or young adults, develop infectious mononucleosis. EBV infects resting B cells and infection in vitro results in transformation and continuous proliferation of the cells, whereas infection in vivo results in a latent infection in which proliferation of the cells is controlled by virus-specific T cells and NK cells. Certain persons have mutations in genes that result in impaired cellular immunity involving the function of cytotoxic T cells or NK cells that result in impaired responses and failure to control EBV. These persons are at risk for fulminant infectious mononucleosis, EBV-associated hemophagocytosis, EBV B or T cell lymphoma, or other opportunistic infections. These genes encode proteins that are important for a variety of NK and T cell activities: T cell interactions with B cells, NK and T cell activation, NK and T cell cytotoxicity, priming and expansion of virus-specific T cells, and control of T cell apoptosis. For most of these diseases, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been the only curative therapy. However, identification of certain immune deficiencies has led to new approaches to therapy such as drugs to inhibit overactive signaling pathways or supplemental magnesium for patients with mutations in a magnesium transporter. The study of these EBV-associated immune deficiencies identifies the importance of these proteins for the function of T and NK cells and may lead to novel approaches to therapy for EBV diseases
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
EBV Infection and Human Primary Immune Deficiencies
No full textEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous virus that infects 95% of adults worldwide; the vast majority of persons have asymptomatic or non-specific primary infection and no complications associated with EBV during their lifetime. Some persons, particularly those who are infected as adolescents or young adults, develop infectious mononucleosis. EBV infects resting B cells and infection in vitro results in transformation and continuous proliferation of the cells, whereas infection in vivo results in a latent infection in which proliferation of the cells is controlled by virus-specific T cells and NK cells. Certain persons have mutations in genes that result in impaired cellular immunity involving the function of cytotoxic T cells or NK cells that result in impaired responses and failure to control EBV. These persons are at risk for fulminant infectious mononucleosis, EBV-associated hemophagocytosis, EBV B or T cell lymphoma, or other opportunistic infections. These genes encode proteins that are important for a variety of NK and T cell activities: T cell interactions with B cells, NK and T cell activation, NK and T cell cytotoxicity, priming and expansion of virus-specific T cells, and control of T cell apoptosis. For most of these diseases, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been the only curative therapy. However, identification of certain immune deficiencies has led to new approaches to therapy such as drugs to inhibit overactive signaling pathways or supplemental magnesium for patients with mutations in a magnesium transporter. The study of these EBV-associated immune deficiencies identifies the importance of these proteins for the function of T and NK cells and may lead to novel approaches to therapy for EBV diseases
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