1,720,955 research outputs found
Les marchés de quotas d'émissions dans les mixes politiques
No full textClimate change mitigation requires not only technological innovation but also transformative shifts in policy design and governance. Among the most prominent tools for decarbonization, Emissions Trading Systems (ETSs) have emerged as flexible and cost-effective instruments for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, as climate policy frameworks become increasingly complex, ETSs rarely operate in isolation. Instead, they interact—sometimes synergistically, sometimes redundantly—with a variety of other policies, such as carbon taxes, subsidies, and regulatory standards. This dissertation investigates the integration of ETSs within broader climate policy mixes, examining both their regulatory interactions and potential for expansion.Through a combination of theoretical modeling and empirical analysis, the dissertation addresses three overarching research questions: (1) How do ETSs interact with complementary or overlapping policies within and beyond their regulatory scope? (2) How do these interactions influence policy effectiveness and sectoral decarbonization outcomes across jurisdictions? (3) What design principles can guide the development of coherent and efficient climate policy mixes?Structured in four chapters, the dissertation first develops a novel methodology for measuring policy stringency at the sectoral level. The second chapter focuses on Carbon Contracts for Difference (CCfDs), assessing their role in enhancing ETS effectiveness. The third chapter analyzes the short-term impacts of the new EU ETS2, highlighting equity and effectiveness concerns. The final chapter explores the applicability of cap-and-trade to municipal solid waste. Together, these contributions offer a framework for understanding how ETSs function within complex policy landscapes and how to design more coherent, equitable, and efficient climate strategies.La lutte contre le changement climatique exige non seulement des innovations technologiques, mais aussi des transformations profondes dans la conception, l’articulation et la gouvernance des politiques publiques. Les Systèmes d’Échange de Quotas d’Émission (SEQE) se sont imposés comme des instruments centraux dans les stratégies de décarbonation, en raison de leur flexibilité et de leur efficacité économique. Toutefois, ces systèmes n’évoluent presque jamais isolément : ils interagissent avec un ensemble croissant de politiques complémentaires ou concurrentes — taxes carbone, subventions, normes sectorielles — qui peuvent renforcer, affaiblir ou rediriger leurs effets. Cette thèse examine l’intégration des SEQE au sein de politiques climatiques mixtes, en s’appuyant sur une combinaison d’analyses empiriques et théoriques. Elle s’articule autour de trois questions clés : (1) comment caractériser les interactions entre SEQE et politiques additionnelles, à la fois dans et hors de leur périmètre réglementaire ? (2) quels effets ces interactions produisent-elles sur les comportements et les réductions d’émissions selon les juridictions ? (3) comment concevoir des politiques climatiques plus cohérentes, efficaces et justes, combinant marché du carbone et instruments complémentaires ?Organisée en quatre chapitres, la thèse propose d’abord une nouvelle méthode de mesure de la rigueur des politiques climatiques à l’échelle sectorielle. Le deuxième chapitre explore le rôle des Contrats Carbone pour Différence dans la décarbonation industrielle, notamment pour l’hydrogène. Le troisième chapitre évalue les effets à court terme du SEQE européen EU ETS2 pour les bâtiments et les transports, en insistant sur les enjeux d’équité. Le dernier chapitre étudie l’applicabilité du “Cap and Trade” à la gestion des déchets municipaux. L’ensemble offre un cadre pour concevoir des politiques climatiques plus cohérentes, efficaces et justes
Les marchés de quotas d'émissions dans les mixes politiques
No full textClimate change mitigation requires not only technological innovation but also transformative shifts in policy design and governance. Among the most prominent tools for decarbonization, Emissions Trading Systems (ETSs) have emerged as flexible and cost-effective instruments for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, as climate policy frameworks become increasingly complex, ETSs rarely operate in isolation. Instead, they interact—sometimes synergistically, sometimes redundantly—with a variety of other policies, such as carbon taxes, subsidies, and regulatory standards. This dissertation investigates the integration of ETSs within broader climate policy mixes, examining both their regulatory interactions and potential for expansion.Through a combination of theoretical modeling and empirical analysis, the dissertation addresses three overarching research questions: (1) How do ETSs interact with complementary or overlapping policies within and beyond their regulatory scope? (2) How do these interactions influence policy effectiveness and sectoral decarbonization outcomes across jurisdictions? (3) What design principles can guide the development of coherent and efficient climate policy mixes?Structured in four chapters, the dissertation first develops a novel methodology for measuring policy stringency at the sectoral level. The second chapter focuses on Carbon Contracts for Difference (CCfDs), assessing their role in enhancing ETS effectiveness. The third chapter analyzes the short-term impacts of the new EU ETS2, highlighting equity and effectiveness concerns. The final chapter explores the applicability of cap-and-trade to municipal solid waste. Together, these contributions offer a framework for understanding how ETSs function within complex policy landscapes and how to design more coherent, equitable, and efficient climate strategies.La lutte contre le changement climatique exige non seulement des innovations technologiques, mais aussi des transformations profondes dans la conception, l’articulation et la gouvernance des politiques publiques. Les Systèmes d’Échange de Quotas d’Émission (SEQE) se sont imposés comme des instruments centraux dans les stratégies de décarbonation, en raison de leur flexibilité et de leur efficacité économique. Toutefois, ces systèmes n’évoluent presque jamais isolément : ils interagissent avec un ensemble croissant de politiques complémentaires ou concurrentes — taxes carbone, subventions, normes sectorielles — qui peuvent renforcer, affaiblir ou rediriger leurs effets. Cette thèse examine l’intégration des SEQE au sein de politiques climatiques mixtes, en s’appuyant sur une combinaison d’analyses empiriques et théoriques. Elle s’articule autour de trois questions clés : (1) comment caractériser les interactions entre SEQE et politiques additionnelles, à la fois dans et hors de leur périmètre réglementaire ? (2) quels effets ces interactions produisent-elles sur les comportements et les réductions d’émissions selon les juridictions ? (3) comment concevoir des politiques climatiques plus cohérentes, efficaces et justes, combinant marché du carbone et instruments complémentaires ?Organisée en quatre chapitres, la thèse propose d’abord une nouvelle méthode de mesure de la rigueur des politiques climatiques à l’échelle sectorielle. Le deuxième chapitre explore le rôle des Contrats Carbone pour Différence dans la décarbonation industrielle, notamment pour l’hydrogène. Le troisième chapitre évalue les effets à court terme du SEQE européen EU ETS2 pour les bâtiments et les transports, en insistant sur les enjeux d’équité. Le dernier chapitre étudie l’applicabilité du “Cap and Trade” à la gestion des déchets municipaux. L’ensemble offre un cadre pour concevoir des politiques climatiques plus cohérentes, efficaces et justes
Le contrat carbone pour différences, un outil adapté pour la décarbonation de l’hydrogène ?
No full textInternational audienceThe EU-ETS carbon market is not sufficient to rapidly decarbonize sectors where low-carbon technologies are too expensive compared to existing technologies. To address this, our study characterizes a carbon contract for differences (CCfD). This is an instrument that guarantees producers using low-carbon technology a sufficient carbon price to ensure the competitivity of their technology compared to emitting ones. We propose a methodology for policymakers to design CCfD according to their region and sectoral application. We focus on a CCfD for the development of hydrogen by electrolysis as an alternative to steam methane reforming. Due to the dual impact of carbon pricing, we argue that this CCfD is a complex contract and should be defined for areas with a homogeneous electricity mix.Le marché carbone EU-ETS n’est pas suffisant pour décarboner rapidement les secteurs où les technologies bas-carbone sont trop coûteuses par rapport aux technologies existantes. Pour y remédier, cette étude caractérise un « contrat carbone pour différences » (CCfD). Il s’agit d’un instrument qui garantit aux producteurs bas-carbone un prix carbone suffisant pour assurer la compétitivité de leur technologie par rapport à celles émettrices. Nous proposons une méthodologie pour concevoir les CCfD selon la région et le secteur d’application. Nous nous concentrons sur le développement de l’hydrogène par électrolyse comme alternative au vaporeformage du méthane. Du fait du double impact du prix carbone, nous soutenons que ce CCfD est un contrat complexe et qu’il devrait être défini pour des zones ayant un mix électrique homogène . Classification JEL : D47, H23, O38, Q48, Q52
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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