100,943 research outputs found
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
Aerodynamic response of a wind turbine subjected to prescribed movements: experimental vs. numerical data
No full textHandwritten biographical information on Paulina T. McClung Merritt
No full textA handwritten biography of Paulina T. McClung Merritt by an unknown author, 1892.
Heterogeneous and tissue-specific regulation of effector T cell responses by IFN-gamma during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection.
No full textIFN-γ and T cells are both required for the development of experimental cerebral malaria during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Surprisingly, however, the role of IFN-γ in shaping the effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell response during this infection has not been examined in detail. To address this, we have compared the effector T cell responses in wild-type and IFN-γ(-/-) mice during P. berghei ANKA infection. The expansion of splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells during P. berghei ANKA infection was unaffected by the absence of IFN-γ, but the contraction phase of the T cell response was significantly attenuated. Splenic T cell activation and effector function were essentially normal in IFN-γ(-/-) mice; however, the migration to, and accumulation of, effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the lung, liver, and brain was altered in IFN-γ(-/-) mice. Interestingly, activation and accumulation of T cells in various nonlymphoid organs was differently affected by lack of IFN-γ, suggesting that IFN-γ influences T cell effector function to varying levels in different anatomical locations. Importantly, control of splenic T cell numbers during P. berghei ANKA infection depended on active IFN-γ-dependent environmental signals--leading to T cell apoptosis--rather than upon intrinsic alterations in T cell programming. To our knowledge, this is the first study to fully investigate the role of IFN-γ in modulating T cell function during P. berghei ANKA infection and reveals that IFN-γ is required for efficient contraction of the pool of activated T cells
Determination of regional bone blood flow by means of fluorescent microspheres using an automated sample-processing procedure
No full textThe determination of regional blood flow utilizing fluorescent microspheres (FMs) is an established method for numerous organs. Recent progress, in particular the automation of sample processing, has further improved this method. However, the FM method (reference sample technique), which allows repetitive measurement of regional organ blood flow, has so far not been used for the determination of blood flow in bone. The aim of the present study was to establish FM for the quantification of regional bone blood flow (RBBF). Female, anesthetized New Zealand rabbits (n = 6) received left ventricular injections of different amounts of FM at six subsequent time points. In order to examine the precision of RBBF determination, two different FM species were injected simultaneously at the sixth injection. At the end of the experiments the femoral and tibial condyles of each hind limb were removed and the fluorescence intensity in the tissue samples was measured by an automated procedure. In an in vitro study we have shown that acid digestion of the crystalline matrix has no effect on the fluorescence characteristics of FM. The determination of the number of spheres per tissue sample revealed that depending on the tissue sample size up to 3 x 10(6) spheres/injection were necessary to obtain about 400 microspheres in the individual bone samples. RBBF values of the tibial and femoral condyles did not differ at various injection intervals. The tibial blood flow values varied between 6.6 +/- 1.1 and 8.5 +/- 1.4 ml/min/100 g and were significantly higher than those of the femur (4.3 +/- 1.1 to 6.0 +/- 1.8 ml/min/100 g). The bone blood flow values obtained by simultaneous injection of two FM species correlated significantly (r = 0.96, slope = 1.06, intercept = 0.05), the mean difference was 0.39 +/- 1.11 ml/min/100 g. Our data demonstrate that the measurement of RBBF by means of FM allows a valid determination of RBBF. Copyright (C) 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Quantitative assessment of angiogenesis in murine antigen-induced arthritis by intravital fluorescence microscopy
No full textInhibition of angiogenesis might be a therapeutic approach to prevent joint destruction caused by the overgrowing synovial tissue during chronic joint inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate angiogenesis in the knee joint of mice with antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) by means of intravital microscopy. In 14 mice (C57BL6/129Sv) intravital microscopic assessment was performed on day 8 after AIA induction in two groups (controls, AIA). Synovial tissue was investigated by intravital fluorescence microscopy using FITC-dextran (150 kD). Quantitative assessment of vessel density was performed according to the following categories: functional capillary density (FCD, vessels 10 mum) and FVD of vessels with angiogenic criteria (convoluted vessels, abrupt changes of diameter, vessels which are generated by sprouting and progressively pruned and remodelled). Microvessel count was performed using immunohistochemistry. There was no significant difference in FCD between the control group (337 +/- 9 cm/cm(2); mean +/-SEM) and the AIA group (359 +/- 13 cm/cm(2)). The density of vessels larger than 10 gm diameter was significantly increased in animals with AIA (135 +/- 10 vs. 61 +/- 5 cm/cm(2) in control). The density of blood vessels with angiogenic criteria was enhanced in arthritic animals (79 +/- 17 vs. 12 +/- 2 cm/cm(2) in control). There was a significant increase in the microvessel count in arthritic animals (297 +/- 25 vs. 133 +/- 16 mm(-2) in control). These findings demonstrate that angiogenesis in murine AIA can be assessed quantitatively using intravital microscopy. Further studies will address antiangiogenic strategies in AIA
Pelevin’s Trinity in the novel “t”: author – protagonist – reader
No full textThe article attempts to interpret Pelevin's artistic strategy in the novel "T" by exploring its subject organization and addressing the key problems of the author, the protagonist, and the reader as they are seen by the researcher. The article analyzes the peculiarities of constructing the narrative reality in the novel "T", and goes on to discuss Pelevin's philosophic models of the development of the humankind, and the emergence of his new anthropology
ANALYSIS OF CELLULAR SENTINELS FOR EXTRACELLULAR HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN-PEPTIDE COMPLEXES
No full textSince the discovery of gp96 in the 1980’s as a “tumor rejection antigen,” Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) have received attention from immunologists for their ability to prime immune responses. Originally known for their important intracellular roles as chaperones to newly synthesized, misfolded, and/or recently degraded proteins, it is now understood that HSPs released into the extracellular environment can also initiate immune responses. Shown both in vitro and in vivo, HSPs act on antigen presenting cells (APC) to 1) deliver antigenic peptides for presentation by both MHC class I and class II molecules and 2) activate APC to increase expression of co-stimulatory molecules. Both of these activities contribute to productive T cell responses, which has led to current trials using HSP-peptide complexes as cancer vaccines. However, the cell populations responsible for monitoring exogenous HSPs and priming resulting immune responses have yet to be fully characterized. This study identifies the cells that incorporate HSPs in vivo, following either vaccination or release by tumors, and analyzes the immune response generated by these cells. A CD11c+CD11b+CD4+ dendritic cell population selectively takes up HSPs, coincident with higher expression of the HSP receptor CD91 on these cells. We also show the dependence on CD91 of HSP-mediated immune responses. Increased knowledge of the process by which HSPs shape immune responses will contribute to the understanding of HSP-mediated immunity as well as assist in optimizing current tumor-vaccine strategies
Measuring industry-science links through inventor-author relations: A profiling method
No full textIn this pilot study we examine the performance of text-based profiling in recovering a set of validated inventor-author links. In a first step we match patents and publications solely based on their similarity in content. Next, we compare inventor and author names on the highest ranked matches for the occurrence of name matches. Finally, we compare these candidate matches with the names listed in a validated set of inventor-author names. Our text-based profile methodology performs significantly better than a random matching of patents and publications, suggesting that text-based profiling is a valuable complementary tool to the name searches used in previous studies.innovation; industry-science links; text-based profiling;
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