1,720,958 research outputs found
Ontologies et services aux patients : Application à la reformulation des requêtes
No full textThe Internet has become an important source of medical information for patients and their family members : search for information about their diseases and recent clinical research, building numeric communities for exchange and sharing of information and of personal experience. However, access to the Internet does not mean access to information. The lack of familiarity with the medical language is a major problem for health consumers in information access and understanding. The aim of this thesis is to analyse and characterize the terms used by nonprofessionals during their discourse on medical topics in order to propose services adapted to their language and to their level of knowledge. Its main production is a health consumer ontology in the breast cancer field, which is based on two types of text corpora : health mediators and health consumers. The elements of this ontology have been analysed on several levels : terms, concepts and relations. The resulting ontology has been the core of a health consumers query reformulation application using spreading activation techniques through a semantic network. The concepts of the ontology represent the nodes in the semantic network. The links between the nodes have weights calculated, either automatically based on the co-occurrence of concepts in a corpus of texts or manually depending on the links type, reflecting the "strength" of the relation between the nodes.Internet est devenu une source importante d'information médicale pour les patients et leurs proches : recherche d'informations sur leurs maladies et les dernières recherches cliniques, ainsi que pour y constituer des communautés "numériques" de dialogue et de partage. Cependant, accès à Internet ne signifie pas nécessairement accès à l'information. Le manque de familiarité avec le langage médical constitue un problème majeur pour les usagers de santé dans l'accès à l'information et son interprétation. Le travail de cette thèse s'inscrit dans la problématique d'étude et de caractérisation de la terminologie des usagers de santé pour pouvoir proposer des services adaptés à leur langage et à leur niveau de connaissances. Sa production principale est une ontologie dans le domaine du cancer du sein orientée vers les usagers de santé. Cette ontologie est construite à partir d'un ensemble de corpus de textes représentant deux catégories : les médiateurs de santé et les usagers de santé. Les éléments de cette ontologie ont été analysés en utilisant des méthodes quantitatives et qualitatives sur plusieurs niveaux : termes, concepts et relations. L'ontologie produite a constitué le noyau d'une application de reformulation de requêtes d'usagers de santé en utilisant l'approche de propagation d'activation dans un réseau sémantique. Les concepts de l'ontologie représentent les noeuds dans le réseau sémantique et les liens entre ces noeuds ont des poids, calculés soit automatiquement sur la base des co-occurrences des concepts dans un corpus de textes soit, manuellement selon le type des liens ; ces poids reflètent la "force" de la relation entre les noeuds
Ontologies et services aux patients : Application à la reformulation des requêtes
No full textThe Internet has become an important source of medical information for patients and their family members : search for information about their diseases and recent clinical research, building numeric communities for exchange and sharing of information and of personal experience. However, access to the Internet does not mean access to information. The lack of familiarity with the medical language is a major problem for health consumers in information access and understanding. The aim of this thesis is to analyse and characterize the terms used by nonprofessionals during their discourse on medical topics in order to propose services adapted to their language and to their level of knowledge. Its main production is a health consumer ontology in the breast cancer field, which is based on two types of text corpora : health mediators and health consumers. The elements of this ontology have been analysed on several levels : terms, concepts and relations. The resulting ontology has been the core of a health consumers query reformulation application using spreading activation techniques through a semantic network. The concepts of the ontology represent the nodes in the semantic network. The links between the nodes have weights calculated, either automatically based on the co-occurrence of concepts in a corpus of texts or manually depending on the links type, reflecting the "strength" of the relation between the nodes.Internet est devenu une source importante d'information médicale pour les patients et leurs proches : recherche d'informations sur leurs maladies et les dernières recherches cliniques, ainsi que pour y constituer des communautés "numériques" de dialogue et de partage. Cependant, accès à Internet ne signifie pas nécessairement accès à l'information. Le manque de familiarité avec le langage médical constitue un problème majeur pour les usagers de santé dans l'accès à l'information et son interprétation. Le travail de cette thèse s'inscrit dans la problématique d'étude et de caractérisation de la terminologie des usagers de santé pour pouvoir proposer des services adaptés à leur langage et à leur niveau de connaissances. Sa production principale est une ontologie dans le domaine du cancer du sein orientée vers les usagers de santé. Cette ontologie est construite à partir d'un ensemble de corpus de textes représentant deux catégories : les médiateurs de santé et les usagers de santé. Les éléments de cette ontologie ont été analysés en utilisant des méthodes quantitatives et qualitatives sur plusieurs niveaux : termes, concepts et relations. L'ontologie produite a constitué le noyau d'une application de reformulation de requêtes d'usagers de santé en utilisant l'approche de propagation d'activation dans un réseau sémantique. Les concepts de l'ontologie représentent les noeuds dans le réseau sémantique et les liens entre ces noeuds ont des poids, calculés soit automatiquement sur la base des co-occurrences des concepts dans un corpus de textes soit, manuellement selon le type des liens ; ces poids reflètent la "force" de la relation entre les noeuds
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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