1,720,980 research outputs found
Is obedience still a virtue? An Italian research during COVID-19 pandemic
Full text linkThe authors examine some criminological theories that explain adherence to the rules, and in particular those that have been used to account for whether or not the rules imposed or proposed to contain the contagion from COVID-19 are considered. Then, they show the results of their own research, carried out by interviewing a sample of 1,004 Italians using an online questionnaire. The aim of this research: understand who complied with the anti COVID-19 measures and, if so, for what reasons. If the given answer was no, the authors asked the respondents the reasons why them didn’t. After showing the results, the authors discussed them comparing theme with other similarresearches made abroad, underlying also the emerged limits. In conclusion, the authors propose their own thoughts on the subject
Le trasgressive nel mito
Full text linkThe history of Greek Myths is full of transgressive female characters: witches, brutal fighters, deplorable mothers, cruel killers, unforgiven and unforgivable lovers, to mention a few. It’s just in Myth history that they find themselves a position, next to the larger, and maybe more known, male counterpart. But the rulebreakers here portrayed, divided by the Author into three separate types of women (the indipendents; the heartbreakers; the truly not very exemplar wives and mothers), speak for themselves: they find their own narrative context that gives them leading roles (that sometimes are not so praiseworthy) in Classical Mythology. Among the different functions, reported in this article, a Myth could have, there’s the one that shows what is ethically inaccettable for a certain culture. The criminological analysis of these stories helps to focus more on which female behaviours are not accettable in a particular culture, the Greek one, on which the whole Western culture in based upon.Il mito greco è popolato da un ampio novero di personaggi femminili trasgressivi: fattucchiere, brutali guerriere, madri deplorevoli, assassine spietate, amanti imperdonate ed imperdonabili, solo per citarne alcune. E proprio nel mito esse trovano collocazione accanto alla più numerosa, e forse più nota, compagine maschile. Ma le trasgressive qui descritte, suddivise dall’Autrice in tre distinte tipologie di donne (le autonome; le fatalone; le mogli e madri ben poco esemplari), bastano a se stesse: si raccontano trovando un proprio contesto narrativo autonomo che fa di loro delle vere protagoniste (anche se talvolta davvero ben poco lodevoli) della mitologia greca. Fra le diverse funzioni del mito – riportate nell’articolo – vi è quella che indica cosa, secondo una data cultura, è eticamente inaccettabile. L’analisi in termini criminologici delle storie di queste donne, contribuisce a sottolineare quali comportamenti femminili sono inaccettabili secondo una cultura, quella greca, che è alla base di tutta la cultura occidentale
The expert and the foreigner: Reflections of forensic transcultural psychopathology on a total of 86 reports by experts on criminal liability
No full textIn recent times Italy has been experiencing massive migration flows, therefore the attention on the issue of crimes committed by foreigners is increasing. But within trials, in the evaluation of criminal liability of foreigners, how do experts deal with them? Do the performed evaluations take cultural diversity into account? The present study took origin from these questions and examined a total of 86 reports by experts on criminal liability of foreign persons (16 females and 70 males). Examinees have been declared indictable in 31 cases (36%), totally mentally ill in 40 cases (45%) and with diminished liability in 15 cases (17%); when liability was excluded, examinees were diagnosed in 11 cases with mood disorders, in 23 cases with personality disorders, in 4 cases with adaptation disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder and in 10 cases with different diagnoses (in some cases more than one diagnosis was present). None of the reports used the section of the DSM concerning âcultural framingâ. Tests were used in 48 surveys (56% of cases), with more tests for each examinee, for a total of 39 Rorschach, 14 Raven test, 8 Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory - MMPI - 4 Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - WAIS - level test, 8 Thematic Apperception test. When subjects were diagnosed with mental disorder and with diminished liability, 42 (79%) were also socially dangerous. Results highlight the importance of the relationship between the expert and the foreigner. Many factors ought to be critically considered by experts dealing with foreigners, like cultural awareness, knowledge of verbal communication, critical consideration of meanings and diagnosis, knowledge of the foreigners' personal story, presence of tests with inexact information and cultural fallacy
Sustainable Measures To End gender-based Violence in Academia: What Lies between the ERA Policy Paradigm and Reality?
Full text linkGender-based violence (GBV) and sexual harassment (SH) represent phenomena of social concern that relate to issues of gender equality. This qualitative study explored responses to GBV and SH in academia in the context of the European Research Area (ERA) using the 7P Model: Prevention, Protection, Prosecution, Provision, Policies, Partnerships, and Prevalence. Interviews were conducted with key experts at Italian universities to identify the discrepancy between the EU policy framework and its practical implementation in the Italian context. Furthermore, it was investigated how cultural and institutional contexts influence this implementation. The results showed entrenched cultural barriers, in which a patronizing system contributes to the minimization of the problem and hinders open discussion and effective action. In addition, insufficient funding, limited expertise, and reliance on individual efforts weaken systemic initiatives. While significant progress has been made, such as the existence of dedicated services and awareness-raising programs, these measures often lack coherence and broad impact. Comprehensive and well-resourced strategies and cross-college collaboration are needed to promote sustainable change. Finally, work on capacity building, consistent application of strategies, and engagement at all academic levels is crucial to bring efforts in line with international standards
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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