319 research outputs found
sj-pdf-1-asp-10.1177_00037028211041172 - Supplemental material for Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) Micro-Fourier Transform Infrared (Micro-FT-IR) Spectroscopy to Enhance Repeatability and Reproducibility of Spectra Derived from Single Specimen Organic-Walled Dinoflagellate Cysts
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-asp-10.1177_00037028211041172 for Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) Micro-Fourier Transform Infrared (Micro-FT-IR) Spectroscopy to Enhance Repeatability and Reproducibility of Spectra Derived from Single Specimen Organic-Walled Dinoflagellate Cysts by Pjotr Meyvisch, Pieter R. Gurdebeke, Henk Vrielinck, Kenneth Neil Mertens, Gerard Versteegh and Stephen Louwye in Applied Spectroscopy</p
The invisible artist: Arrangers in popular music (1950-2000): Their contribution and techniques
No full textThis thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and was awarded by Brunel University.This thesis is based on the research conducted by the author for the series,
Richard Niles' History of Pop Arranging, seven thirty-minute documentary
programmes for BBC Radio 2, researched, written and presented by the author and
broadcast in 2003. It also draws on interviews conducted by the author (and other
research) between 2002 and 2007 both for the radio series and for this thesis and on
the author's experience as a professional arranger in popular music working with
many of the genre's significant recording artists including Paul McCartney, Ray
Charles, Cher, Tina Turner, Westlife, Tears For Fears, Dusty Springfield, James
Brown, Pet Shop Boys, Kylie Minogue and producers including Trevor Hom, Steve
Lipson, Steve Mac and Steve Anderson.
It will be argued that the role of the arranger in popular music has often been
undervalued and that during a critical period of popular music history (1950-2000)
arrangers played a significant part in the evolution of musical content. This thesis is,
to the best of the author's knowledge, the first time (apart from the above mentioned
documentary) the subject has ever been examined. The arranger is "invisible" because musical arrangers are often un-credited on
record liner notes or in books or articles concerning popular music. A considerable
amount of research has been necessary to determine who wrote many of the
arrangements considered herein. Motown's Berry Gordy purposely kept the names of
musicians and arrangers off the records because he feared others might 'poach' the
trademark 'Motown Sound'. Other record labels considered the job of the arranger to
be reminiscent of an earlier era, diluting the Rock 'n' Roll image of emotion and
spontanaeity they wished to promote. Some producers and recording artists disliked
sharing credit for their work. Motown arranger David Van dePitte told the author that
arranging was "thankless and anonymous - a very service-oriented profession where
others often take credit for what you've done." Arranging has therefore remained an
intrinsically unseen art created by 'invisible' artists. By analyzing many recordings,
revealing the techniques and concepts they have used in their work to create popular
records, arrangers and their art will be made more 'visible'
Differences in the chemical composition of organic-walled dinoflagellate resting cysts from phototrophic and heterotrophic dinoflagellates
No full textDinoflagellates constitute a large proportion of the planktonic biomass from marine to freshwater environments. Some species produce a preservable organic-walled resting cyst (dinocyst) during the sexual phase of their life cycle that is an important link between the organisms, the environment in which their parent motile theca grew, and the sedimentary record. Despite their abundance and widespread usage as proxy indicators for environmental conditions, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the dinocyst wall chemical composition. It is likely that numerous factors, including phylogeny and life strategy, determine the cyst wall chemistry. However, the extent to which this composition varies based on inherent (phylogenetic) or variable (ecological) factors has not been studied. To address this, we used micro-Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to analyze nine cyst species produced by either phototrophic or heterotrophic dinoflagellates from the extant orders Gonyaulacales, Gymnodiniales and Peridiniales. Based on the presence of characteristic functional groups, two significantly different cyst wall compositions are observed that correspond to the dinoflagellate's nutritional strategy. The dinocyst wall compositions analyzed appeared carbohydrate-based, but the cyst wall produced by phototrophic dinoflagellates suggested a cellulose-like glucan, while heterotrophic forms produced a nitrogen-rich glycan. This constitutes the first empirical evidence nutritional strategy is related to different dinocyst wall chemistries. Our results indicated phylogeny was less important for predicting composition than the nutritional strategy of the dinoflagellate, suggesting potential for cyst wall chemistry to infer past nutritional strategies of extinct taxa preserved in the sedimentary record
Holocene dinoflagellate cysts and other palynomorphs from Northern Hemisphere estuaries : taxonomy, distribution, geochemistry and paleoecological application
No full textAbstracts
No full textStanley S. Shimer—Common Problems in the Development ofCarrel Learning PacketsMarshall D. Malcolm—Environmental Field DayClaire A. Puchy and Gary W. Barrett—Environmental Science:A New Direction in Science EducationJohn A. Ricketts—The Lecture Demonstration: A Neglected Audio-Visual AidLarry R. Yoder and James T. Addis—Let\u27s Put "Audio" into Audio-Tutorial TeachingJon R. Hendrix, Thomas R. Mertens, and Jerry J. Nisbet— Enhancing Science Education Accountability: A Model for University Secondary School CorporationHarold H. Jaus and Gerald Krockover—Fostering Communicationand Attitudinal Development in Science Between Elementaryand Secondary Teachers and AdministratorsRobert F. Caudell—Does the Participation in a Science MethodsCourse Change the Attitudes of a Pre-Service ElementaryTeacher Toward Science Teaching?H. Marvin Bratt—Can Your Attitude Toward Elementary ScienceInstruction Change?Kenneth L. Potts and Jerry M. Colglazier—The Evaluation ofImplementation and Support Procedures in Selected IndianaCorporations that Adopted Either SCIS, SAPA, or ESS Elementary Science ProgramsH. James Funk and Neil V. Weber—Total Environmental Educa-tion: Getting Environmental Education into Indiana Class-room
Alphonse Meunier's enigmatic Radiosperma belongs to the ciliates
No full textThe acritarch genus Radiosperma was originally described as an “enigmatic organism” by the Belgian biologist Alphonse Meunier (1857-1918). Two species were described: R. corbiferum from Arctic waters and R. textum from the Belgian coast (Meunier 1910, 1919). It has been widely reported from plankton and sediments since the late 19th century, with suggested biological affinities ranging from invertebrate eggs to tintinnids.
The genus description is now improved and both congeners are redescribed (Gurdebeke et al. 2023). Based on SSU and LSU rRNA sequences, Radiosperma textum is shown to be a ciliate cyst related to the ciliate genus Askenasia and positioned among the classes Prostomatea, Plagiopylea and Oligohymenophorea. Radiosperma is considered closely related to Hexasterias and Halodinium, two former acritarchs that were assigned previously to the ciliophora (Gurdebeke et al. 2018).
The spatiotemporal distribution and ecology of both species are discussed, revealing a common confusion in species assignment by most authors. R. corbiferum appears limited to Arctic waters and the Baltic Sea, while R. textum is found in temperate coastal waters in other parts of the world. The chemical composition is documented based on micro-Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. Its refractory nature provides potential for fossilization and applicability as indicator of freshwater influence in palynological studies.
In addition, newly obtained SSU and LSU rRNA sequences for several flask shaped ciliate cysts (e.g., Fusopsis and Strombidium) are also included in the phylogenetic analysis and the occurrence of fossilizable cysts in the ciliophoran clade in the marine environment is reviewed. It is confirmed that ciliate cyst morphology has taxonomic significance and that morphological identification of cysts can be reliable. Further elucidating cyst stages in ciliate life cycles will improve understanding of ciliate biology and ecology and their applicability as (paleo)environmental tracers.
References
Gurdebeke, P.R., Mertens, K.N., Takano, Y., Yamaguchi, A., Bogus, K., Dunthorn, M., Matsuoka, K., Vrielinck, H., Louwye, S., 2018. The affiliation of Hexasterias problematica and Halodinium verrucatum sp. nov. to ciliate cysts based on molecular phylogeny and cyst wall composition. European Journal of Protistology 66, 115–135.
Gurdebeke, P.R., Mertens, K.N., Rajter, L., Meyvisch, P., Potvin, E., Yang, E.J., André, C., Pospelova, V., Louwye, S. 2023. The ciliophoran affinity of Radiosperma textum, and its relation to other marine ciliate cysts. Marine Micropaleontology 178, 102185
Meunier, A., 1910. Microplankton des Mers de Barents et de Kara. Duc d’Orléans. Campagne arctique de 1907. Imprimerie scientifique Charles Bulens: Bruxelles. 355 p. + atlas (XXXVII plates).
Meunier, A.,1919. Microplancton de la Mer flamande. 4me partie. Les Tintinnides et cetera. Mémoires du Musée royal d’Histoire Naturelle de Belgique 8, 59 p
Schooling in a colonial setting, an account of the boy's school, Davuilevu, Fiji
No full textThis thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field
Diversity and distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in surface sediments from fjords of western Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada)
No full textA total of 31 surface sediment samples from 16 coastal inlets in five sounds of western Vancouver Island were investigated for dinoflagellate cysts and other palynomorphs. Well-preserved and abundant dinoflagellate cysts were recovered, including a total of 32 cyst taxa belonging to four families. Total dinoflagellate cyst concentrations vary two orders of magnitude, with concentrations between 2267 and 918,584 cysts g(-1). The highest values were observed in samples from Tofino Inlet. Southern sites are characterized by cysts of autotrophic dinoflagellates, mainly Operculochnium centrocarpum sensu Wall & Dale 1966. Other abundant cysts of autotrophic dinoflagellates are Spiniferites spp. and cysts of Pentapharsodinium dalei. In general, other inlets in Quatsino, Kyuquot-Nootka and Clayoquot Sounds have lower total concentrations but have more cysts of heterotrophic dinoflagellates, mainly Round brown cysts, Brigantedinium spp., and Spiny brown cysts. Neroutsos Inlet is characterized by high concentrations of Arcellacean testate amoebae.
Within inlets, cyst concentrations and assemblages vary. Near the heads of the inlets, concentrations are generally lower and assemblages are dominated by cysts of autotrophic dinoflagellates, mostly O. centroccupum sensu Wall & Dale 1966. Concentrations of cysts produced by heterotrophic dinoflagellates and their proportions in the assemblages generally increase from the head to the mouth of each inlet.
Measured sedimentary biogenic silica abundances (%Opal) have consistently higher values in Clayoquot Sound and lower values in Quatsino Sound. Within individual inlets, biogenic silica generally increases in the head to mouth direction. The trend in heterotrophic cyst abundances is similar. Correlations between total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and terrestrial palynomorph concentrations in the sediments indicate that the organic material at sites near inlet heads are mainly derived from terrestrial input. A significant negative correlation between biogenic silica and TOC/TN ratio was observed in the dataset, but not between the total heterotrophic cyst concentrations and relative abundances of biogenic silica.
Statistical analyses (PCA, RDA) indicate that the assemblages of dinoflagellate cysts and other palynomorphs, their spatial distributions, and sedimentary geochemical measurements are related to the regional environmental setting (e.g., latitudinal trends in weather, primary productivity, and upwelling) and local characteristics of the inlets (e.g., site location relative to freshwater input, inlet morphology and bathymetry, as well as possible anthropogenic influences).
Process length variation of O. centroccupurn sensu Wall & Dale 1966 was measured and it is comparable to previous measurements in similar environmental settings, allowing seawater densities to be inferred. Cysts of Alexandriurn spp. were found in most of the samples, with the highest abundance in the inlet heads of Kyuquot and Quatsino Sounds
Reconstructing salinity changes and environmental influence on dinoflagellate cysts in the central Baltic Sea since the late 19th century
No full textWe present a record of dinoflagellate cyst assemblage composition, abundance, and morphology from the central Baltic Sea, spanning from the late 19th to the early 21st century. Environmental time-series were analyzed in relation to changes in community structure and diversity as inferred from the sediment record, and average summer sea surface salinity (SSS) was reconstructed based on the average process length of Protoceratium reticulatum resting cysts. The reconstructed summer SSS was compared to instrumental data for a critical evaluation of this approach. The most abundant species in this record were P. reticulatum and Biecheleria baltica, and on average ten taxa were identified per sample. The cyst record of B. baltica indicated that although this species has been present in the Gotland Basin at least since the 1880s, its concentrations have increased significantly since the 1980s, possibly linked to eutrophication. Variations in assemblage composition and P. reticulatum cyst morphology reflected patterns of major, instrumentally recorded hydrographic and environmental changes in the Baltic Sea during the past century. The variability in microfossil relative abundances was best explained by the average spring SSS as well as by the average NO3 concentrations during spring and by the combined effects of average summer SSS and NAO index variability. Reconstructed summer SSS and instrumental SSS showed notable differences, depending on the year and function applied for reconstruction. Although roughly reflecting the same patterns, the reconstructed values are offset when compared to instrumental measurements. We put forward suggestions for improvement of the process-length method and recommend using the reconstructed values as an indication of relative changes in past summer sea surface salinity, preferably as part of a multiproxy approach
A review of recent freshwater dinoflagellate cysts : taxonomy, phylogeny, ecology and palaeocology
No full textResting stages (e.g. cysts) play an important role in the life history and ecology of phytoplankton, e.g. the survival, reproduction, genetic recombination, and dispersal of many species. Marine dinoflagellates cysts have been intensively studied by both geologists and biologists, but freshwater cysts have received less attention. There are approximately 350 freshwater dinoflagellate species, and resting cysts have been described for 84 species. We evaluated the descriptions, and we reproduced images for each cyst type. The review highlighted the importance of cyst characters for taxonomy and phylogeny. We suggested that shape, wall ornamentation and possibly the archeopyle and color were important morphological characteristics at the generic level and above. The ecology of freshwater dinoflagellate cysts was reviewed, and the ecological role of cysts was discussed. The potential of freshwater cysts for Quaternary palaeoecological reconstructions was highlighted, revealing that these could serve as useful indicators of temperature, pH and productivity
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