1,720,960 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Supplementary Information, Dissertation, Host Chapter
No full text<p>Associated supplementary tables and bioinformatic code for cuckoo host chapter of my dissertation. </p>
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Interplay of genetic and epigenetic variation in evolutionary processes
Full text linkAdaptation and speciation are the fundamental processes shaping the biodiversity that surrounds us. The Modern Evolutionary Synthesis, merging Darwinian theory with Mendelian principles, requires an understanding of the genetic and epigenetic contributions to population divergence across micro- and macro-evolutionary scales to explain the maintenance of biodiversity. This dissertation examines the interplay of genetic and epigenetic variation with relevance to evolution across the dimensions of wild avian populations, sexes, and species. Utilizing natural variation in two avian systems, the scope of my investigation extends to: 1) the genetic architecture sustaining female-limited polymorphism in cuckoos, the 2) evolutionary maintenance of mimetic egg phenotypes and host specialization in cuckoos, the 3) the epigenetic factors regulating dosage compensation and dosage balance in crows, and 4) the relevance of DNA methylation to speciation in crows. In paper I, together with my colleagues I identify the genetic basis and evolutionary maintenance of a female-limited plumage polymorphism. While all male common cuckoos are grey, females are either monochromatic grey or rufous. We found that plumage polymorphism maps to the female-restricted W chromosome, and that these ancient maternal haplotypes have been maintained after descent from a common ancestor in two cuckoo sister taxa, likely through balancing selection. Our findings suggest that genetic variation residing on sex-limited chromosomes can be a key determinant in the maintenance of trait variation across species boundaries. In paper II, I examine the genetic basis of host specialization and egg mimicry resulting from a co-evolutionary arms race. Common cuckoos are generalist obligate brood parasites exhibiting an extreme diversity of mimetic eggs which they use to exploit numerous hosts across Eurasia. I identified that matrilineal haplotypes are associated with mimetic egg phenotypes, and found that these haplotypes are maintained across the species’ range from the combinatorial effects of balancing selection and gene flow. I identify mitochondrial OXPHOS genes as the nexus of egg diversification, working in concert with nuclear and W-linked genes to provide a fast-evolving substrate to facilitate phenotypic innovation for new mimetic eggs while ensuring stable transmission of phenotypes from mothers to daughters. In paper III, together with colleagues I shed light on the mechanisms underlying dosage balance and compensation in a female heterogametic system in Eurasian crow. While male heterogametic systems often exhibit inactivation of a female homogametic chromosome, dosage balance in avian systems is less clear. We identified a significant correlation between the upregulation of female Z-linked genes and increased chromatin accessibility, which appears to be the key driver of dosage balance between the sexes. In contrast to other systems, 5mC methylation did not covary with dosage, underlining the importance of chromatin accessibility over methylation in regulating gene dosage in crows. In my last chapter, manuscript IV, examines the extent to which 5mC methylation contributes to nascent species divergence in Eurasian crows. Using genome and methylome sequencing data from all-black carrion crows, grey-coated hooded crows, and their hybrids, we found that taxon-related methylation divergence is restricted to intergenic space within the region of genetic differentiation responsible for plumage polymorphism. While epigenetic factors may aid in translating genetic variation to phenotype and largely coincide with the ontogenetic program, its autonomous contribution to evolution is minimal in this system. Collectively, these studies show the complex interplay of genetic and epigenetic factors contributing to the maintenance of evolutionary patterns. These findings add to our understanding of how epigenetic and genetic mechanisms cooperate to generate and maintain evolutionarily relevant phenotypes across populations and species, and break new ground by exploring the hitherto poorly explored dynamics of sex-limited chromosomes and the contributions of epigenetic variation to evolution
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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