146 research outputs found
Integrating Spiritual Tools And Practices In Mental Health Care: A Scoping Review Of Spiritual Healing From The African Continent
No full textWestern medicine typically describes traditional and spiritual healing as a homogenous healing system independent, and in many ways antagonistic to “science.” However, Western medicine fails to acknowledge the global influence of traditional and spiritual practices and its potential to strengthen current mental wellness care. For centuries, traditional and spiritual healing has served as a foundational system in many African nations, utilized to overcome challenges, pain and trauma. It is rooted in harmonious monism which reconciles the duality between mind and matter and conceptualizes the universe as interconnected and interdependent. African spiritual practices unite individuals to a community of shared values, connecting the body, mind and spirit and offering a sense of hope. Within the existing literature there is a gap in our understanding of the positive impact that African traditional and spiritual practices can have on mental health care globally. Thus, we conducted a scoping review and used an inductive approach to examine the literature from several databases including Scopus, Ovid Global Health, PubMed, WHO Africa and Web of Science. Of the 280 retrieved articles, 245 articles were screened for eligibility and 5 were included in our final review. Our review identified several practices such as sacrificial practices, cleansing and water practices, prayer, and drumming. These practices revealed shared elements of traditional and spiritual healing, including interconnectedness, collective healing, positive equilibrium, and hope. Though spiritual systems and practices on the continent cannot be homogenized, their shared symbolism and values can be integrated into mental health therapies worldwide
The School-Prison Nexus in Sweden Untangling the Racialisation of Disability in Europe: Exploring Intersectional Perspectives Author(s) : Hick, Peter; Migliarini, Valentina; Berhanu, Girma; Artiles, Alfredo; Dovigo, Fabio
No full textIntegrating spiritual tools and practices in mental health care: an analysis of spiritual healing from the African continent
No full textThe western world describes traditional healing as a homogenous healing system
independent, and in many ways antagonistic to “science.” However, it fails to acknowledge the
global influence of traditional and spiritual practices used to provide current day mental wellness care. From atumpan (talking drums) in Ghana and wegesha (cupping) in Ethiopia to muthi (plant extracts) in South Africa, practices from the African continent share themes of symbolism, transcendence, and expression. Africa, a continent of millions of ethnicities, languages, beliefs, and history that dates to the beginning of time has birthed many of today’s global understanding of wellness therapy. In this study we will review and compare the use of spiritual healing, and the cultural variations of spiritual African practices. In doing so this analysis will illuminate contemporary westernized practices that have derived from traditional and spiritual African rituals
Maternal/household characteristics and child stunting in Ethiopia: A secondary analysis of the 2011 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey
No full textProtein energy wasting and associated factors amongchronic kidney disease patients at st. Paul’s hospital millennium medical college, addis ababa, Ethiopia
No full textBackground: Protein energy wasting is a major issue in patients with chronic kidney disease
(CKD), adversely affecting morbidity, mortality, functional activity and quality of life.
Assessment of nutritional status in CKD patients is important to ensure patients normal protein
stores and avoid metabolic complications. However, in Ethiopia there are very few studies that
have assessed prevalence of Protein energy wasting (PEW) and its associated factors among
CKD patients. Objectives: To assess protein energy wasting and associated factors among
chronic kidney disease patients at adult OPD St. Paulo’s Hospital Millennium Medical College,
Addis Ababa Ethiopia, March1 to April15, 2019.
Methods: An institution based cross sectional study was conducted from March to April 2019.
Data were collected using structured interviewer administered questionnaire, anthropometric
measurements and laboratory data were collected from patient files. The subjective global
assessment tool was used to collect additional nutritional related data. Data were entered to Epidata version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Both bi-variate and multivariable logistic
regression analysis was performed to identify associated factors. P values <0.05 was considered
to declare statistical significance.
Results: The prevalence of protein energy wasting in CKD patients was 23.4%. Patients who
were advised to reduced salt consumption by a doctor were 76% less likely to have protein
energy wasting compared to those who were not advised to reduced salt consumption
[AOR=0.24,95% CI:(0.06, 0.92)]. Odds of PEW among chronic kidney patients who were at
CKD stage 4 and 5 was 2.2 times higher than odds of PEW among patients at stages 1-3
[AOR=2.2,95% (CI:1.01, 4.8)]. Furthermore, as subjective global assessment score increase by
one unity the odds of having PEW was1.24 times higher. Conclusion: The prevalence of protein
energy wasting among CKD patients was high and associated with CKD stages, subjective
global assessment score and advised to reduce salt consumption. Interventions that address
nutritional problems and lifestyle factors in CKD patients need to be implemented together with
medical treatment
Academic Racism: Richard Lynn’s and Satoshi Kanazawa’s bogus and sub-standard theory of racial differences in intelligence: An essay review of Racial Differences in Intelligence: An Evolutionary Analysis by Richard Lynn (2008) and a review of Temperature and Evolutionary Novelty as Forces Behind the Evolution of General Intelligence by Satoshi Kanazawa (2008)
No full textIntroduction This double review (of one book and one closely related article) is prompted by a response to my essay review1 of IQ and the Wealth of Nations by one of the authors of the book, Tatu Vanhanen. Vanhanen responded to my review of his book with Richard Lynn in a private e-mail: Dear Dr. Berhanu, Thank you for your review of our book IQ and the Wealth of Nations. I would like to inform you that my colleague Richard Lynn has found a new study on intelligence in Ethiopia. It is: Aboud, F., Samuel, M., Hadera, A. & Addus, A. (1991). ―Intellectual, social, and nutritional status of children in an Ethiopian orphanage.‖ Social Science and Medicine, 33, pp. 1275-1280. This study is based on a sample of 134 children in an orphanage in Jimma tested in 1989. According to Richard Lynn, Ethiopia's national IQ would be 71 on the basis of this study. It is significantly higher than estimated in our book. It should be noted that there is a margin of error in all national IQ estimations. I do not go to the details of your review, but I would like to emphasize that we do not suggest that poor countries should blame themselves for their poverty, which is significantly related to national IQs. Our point is that differences in national IQs reflect the evolved human diversity. Nobody is responsible for those differences, not rich nor poor countries. Such differences are consequences of evolution through natural selection, which is not controlled by anybody. Our message is that we should learn to accept the evolved human diversity and its consequences in social, economic and political conditions. This means that human ability to equalize human conditions is quite limited. We should learn to accept our limitations and learn to live with them. They reflect the endless diversity of life. Sincerely, Tatu Vanhanen Date July 5th 2007: 08:58 As is clearly seen in the above e-mail, the author is adamant that racial differences in intelligence are a result of the evolutionary process and natural selection and there is very little we can do to reverse the situation or equalize human conditions. Vanhanen has got his argument backwards. It makes far more sense to argue that the populations of rich countries do better on IQ tests because they have access to better nutrition and education; Vanhanen 1 Berhanu, Girma. (2007). Black intellectual genocide: An essay review of IQ and the Wealth of Nations. Education Review, 10(6). Retrieved November 16, 2011 from http://edrev.asu.edu/essays/v10n6index.html. Education Review http://www.edrev.info 3 and his co-author Richard Lynn use scientific jargon, and techniques to support claims of natural superiority of one identifiable human population2 or group to another. The message is essentialist, nativist, and deterministic. It denies the conventional view and scientifically proven fact that group differences in intelligence are primarily or exclusively determined by different cultural circumstances, schooling, knowledge, and socioeconomic factors and therefore could be eliminated by improvements in behavioural standards, access to cultural capital, socioeconomic status, home environment, and so on. The e-mail message and the contents of Richard Lynn‘s book are in line with many of the luminaries (e.g., Kant, Hume, and Hegel) of Western philosophy who at one time or another have written about race as if those human groups that distinguished themselves both geographically and phenotypically constituted natural ―types‖ in terms of temperament and intellect
Determination of NPS Fertilizer Rate on Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) in Yaya Gullele District of North Shewa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia
Get PDFInappropriate crop management practices are among the key elements that contributed to the low production of wheat. Moreover, the application of balanced fertilizers and nutrient requirements of the crop is the basis to produce more crop yield from the land under cultivation. Hence, a field experiment was conducted in the 2020 & 2021 main cropping season to determine the NPS fertilizer rate in relative to determined the P-critical and P-requirement factor for wheat and to estimate the economically feasible NPS fertilizer rate for higher yield of wheat in Yaya gulale District. Accordingly the result indicated that, plant height was not significantly (P > 0.05 ) influenced by the NPS fertilizer rate but spike length, biomass, and grain yield were highly significantly (P < 0.05) affected by the NPS fertilizer rate. The highest plant height (86.72cm), spike length (6.57cm), biomass yield (12163kg ha-1) and grain yield (3327 kg ha-1) of wheat were recorded by the application of 75% P-critical from NPS fertilizer rate supplemented with recommended Nitrogen whereas, the lowest value was recorded from the field without fertilizer which was significantly inferior to all other treatments. Furthermore, the economic analysis indicates that, application of NPS fertilizer at the rate of 75% P-critical in NPS fertilizer with recommended Nitrogen fertilizer (92 kg N ha-1) for the production of wheat was more economically beneficial for the district. In conclusion, farmers and other end users could be advised to use 75% PC from NPS fertilizer rate with recommended nitrogen for wheat production in the district and other areas having similar soil types and agro- ecology
Time to stop exclusive breastfeeding and its determinants among employed and unemployed mothers of 6-12 months‟ of age infants in Debretabor town, Amhara region, south Gondar zone, north west Ethiopia, community based comparative cross sectional study
No full textBackground; Exclusive breastfeeding is feeding an infant with only breast milk for the first six
months of life, excluding solids or any other fluids including infant formulas except medicines,
vitamins and minerals. Early discontinuation of breastfeeding is known to be associated with
avoidable childhood morbidity. Various studies have been conducted on prevalence of exclusive
breast feeding and associated factors. However, the impact of maternal employment on the
duration of exclusive breastfeeding and its determinants has not been addressed adequately in
Ethiopia.
Objective; The aim of this study was to compare time to stop EBF and its determinants among
employed and unemployed mothers of 6-12 months „of age infants in Debretabor town, north
west Ethiopia.
Method; A community based comparative cross sectional study was conducted from march 1 -
30,2019. A total of 426 mothers were recruited using simple random sampling technique.
Kebeles were selected by lottery method and study participants were selected by table of random
numbers Interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were entered to
epi data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. The Kaplan-Meier curve with
log rank test was used to compare difference in cessation of exclusive breastfeeding before 6
months. Bivariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model were estimated to measure
the strength of association
Results; A total of 426(213 employed and 213 un employed) mothers were interviewed. The
median duration of exclusive breast feeding was 4 months and 6 months for children of
employed& unemployed mothers respectively. Employed mothers(AHR=3.77,95%CI=(2.4,5.9)),
mothers who had paid maternity leave of 4 months(AHR=7,95%CI=2.2,22.2), primipara mothers
(AHR=1.5,95%CI=(1.14,2.04)) who did not have family support of
EBF(AHR=3.99,95%CI=(1.9,8.3)), and mothers who had no EBF counseling during
PNC(AHR=7.76,95%CI=(2.99,20.1)) were more likely to cease EBF before six months of life.
Conclusion; The median duration of exclusive breast feeding was shorter among employed
mothers than un-employed mothers. Providing enabling conditions like breast feeding corners at
work place, flexible work hours and breast-feeding breaks are needed to improve rate of
exclusive breastfeeding among employed women
Effect of play-based family-centered psychomotor/psychosocial stimulation on the development of severely acutely malnourished children under six in a low-income setting: a randomized controlled trial
No full textBackground: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends incorporating psychosocial stimulation into the
management of severe acute malnutrition (SAM). However, there is little evidence about the effectiveness of these
interventions for SAM children, particularly when serious food shortages and lack of a balanced diet prevail. The
objective of this study was to examine whether family-based psychomotor/psychosocial stimulation in a lowincome setting improves the development, linear growth, and nutritional outcomes in children with SAM.
Method: Children with SAM (N = 339) admitted for treatment to the Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia,
were randomized to a control (n = 170) or intervention (n = 169) group. Both groups received routine medical care
and nutritional treatment at the hospital. The intervention group additionally received play-based psychomotor/
psychosocial stimulation during their hospital stay, and at home for 6 months after being discharged from hospital.
The fine motor (FM) and gross motor (GM) functions, language (LA) and personal-social (PS) skills of the children
were assessed using adapted Denver II, the social-emotional (SE) behavior was assessed using adapted Ages and
Stages Questionnaires: Social-Emotional, and the linear growth and nutritional status were determined through
anthropometric assessments. All outcomes were assessed before the intervention, upon discharge from hospital,
and 6 months after discharge (as end-line). The overtime changes of these outcomes measured in both groups
were compared using Generalized Estimating Equations.
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© The Author(s). 2019 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and
reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to
the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver
(http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
* Correspondence: [email protected] †
Teklu Gemechu Abessa and Marita Granitzer contributed equally to this
work.
1
Department of Special Needs and Inclusive Education, College of Behavioral
Sciences and Education, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
2
REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty
of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Hasselt University, Hasselt,
Belgium
Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
Abessa et al. BMC Pediatrics (2019) 19:336
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-019-1696-z
(Continued from previous page)
Results: The intervention group improved significantly on GM during hospital follow-up by 0.88 points (p < 0.001,
effect size = 0.26 SD), and on FM functions during the home follow-up by 1.09 points (p = 0.001, effect size = 0.22
SD). Both young and older children benefited similarly from the treatment. The intervention did not contribute
significantly to linear growth and nutritional outcomes.
Conclusion: Psychomotor/psychosocial stimulation of SAM children enhances improvement in gross motor
functions when combined with standard nutrient-rich diets, but it can enhance the fine motor functions even
when such standard dietary care is not available.
Trial registration: The trial was retrospectively registered on 30 January 2017 at the US National Institute of Health
(ClinicalTrials.gov) # NCT03036176.This study is part of the Jimma University-Interuniversity Collaboration partnership program funded by Vlaamse Interuniversitaire Raad - Universitaire Ontwikkelingssamenwerking (VLIR-UOS). The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to prepare or publish the manuscript
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