10 research outputs found
Remembering Arvo Eek and Ilse Lehiste
No full textAbstract This paper contains the author's memories of her two late colleagues, compatriots and friends Arvo Eek and Ilse Lehiste from the beginning of the nineties and the following years. They contain mainly episodes, opinions and discussions from the world of phonetics, especially Estonian phonetics. Arvo Eek After Estonia became independent again in 1991, new possibilities opened up for Estonian scholars to work abroad. In Sweden, funds could be sought from the Swedish Institute in order to invite Baltic scholars to work as visiting researchers in Sweden and create contacts with Swedish colleagues. I made use of this possibility and thus several Estonians could come to Sweden and work here for short periods. One of them was Arvo Eek. He was already known among many Swedish phoneticians through the 11 th International Conference of Phonetic Sciences held in Tallinn 1987, where he was one of the organizers. I and several of my Stockholm colleagues had also read his articles in Estonian Papers of Phonetics and appreciated his work. Arvo Eek worked as a guest researcher at Stockholm University on several occasions during the years 1992-1994. Here he could use modern technology not yet available in Estonia at the time, and this was of course of great use to him in his studies of the acoustics of Estonian speech. However, I myself had maybe even greater use of his stay in Stockholm. I had started my studies in phonetics late in life and there was much in Estonian phonetics that was new to me. We had long talks about the acoustics of Estonian vowels and about the Estonian degrees of quantity, a subjects on which he was very knowledgeable. When he was back in Estonia, we maintained contact by e-mail and sent each other our newest papers. I also used Arvo Eek as a speaker for my studies of Estonian, especially of spontaneous speech. He could easily keep up a lively monologue for almost an hour, telling stories from his childhood and from his travels in the Soviet Union from Yakutsk to Tajikistan in connection with his activity in the forming of the language laws in the Soviet Union. In a lively narrative, his pitch often moved up and down in wide curves. There was an interesting example of this. I looked at F0 movements in spontaneous speech with Arvo as one of the subjects. He spoke about how he got a new suit when he was a little boy. He wanted to stress especially the word "riide" (material) in the sentence "riide võiksid kätte saada küll, aga õmblemine…" (you could get the material, but the sewing …). "riide" is a third quantity word, were the F0 curve is supposed to go down in Estonian. In this case, however, it went up about 65% in the first syllable and then the second syllable vowel started with an additional 32.2 % rise in F0 -all in all a rise of almost an octave in 180 ms. Ilse Lehiste, when she read about the data in my paper Arvo Eek and I had many discussions concerning Estonian quantity. A large part of his thought and work was directed to this problem. Therefore he showed much interest in the paper Hartmut Traunmüller and I had written on the perception of quantity were we had used Estonian dat
Grammatical Variability and the Difference between Native and Non-native Speakers
No full textThis paper was prepared for presentation at the Second International Congress of Applied Linguistics (Cambridge, September 1969) while the author held a Guggenheim fellowship
The spatial location and an analysis of the single tree variables in the “Metsaülema park” in Järvselja
No full textUurimistöö on Järvselja pargi põõsaste ja puude kaardistamisest, takseertunnuste mõõtmisest
ja statistilisest analüüsist. Töö eesmärk oli anda ülevaade Järvseljal asuva „Metsaülema pargi“
kooslusest, puude paiknemisest ja kirjeldada parki läbi üksikpuude takseertunnuste ja uurida
kuidas erinevad diameeter ning kõrgus looduslikult kasvavatest puudest. Töös kasutati Fieldmap
programmi andmete kogumiseks ja edasine andmetöötlus sai tehtud MS Office Excelis.
Välitööde tulemusena valmis Järvselja pargist kaart, mille järgi on võimalik aru saada puude
paiknemine ja nende võraulatus. Peamiseks tulemuseks oli lehiste ja pärnade suur osakaal
pargis ja nende suured mõõtmed. Lehiste diameetri ruutkeskmine oli 86,16 cm ja pärnadel
63,03 cm. Lehiste tüvemahuks kujunes arvutuste tulemusena 151,40m3
/ha. Kõrguste
võrdlemisel jõudis töö autor oodatud tulemuseni, et pargis ja avatud maastikul kasvavad puud
on madalamad kui metsas kasvavad puud. Pargi ja metsa puude kõrguste erinevus oli lehiste
puhul 18,5 m.
Mõõtmisandmeid on võimalik kasutada teiste sarnaste parkide uurimisel, mõõtmisel ja
analüüsimisel. Töö autor on seisukohal, et tulemuste paremaks võrdlemiseks oleks vaja Eestis
rohkem läbi viia pargipuude mõõtmisi, et tekiks puude ja põõsaste gruppidest ning liikidest
kindel mudel.The research is about mapping the trees and shrubs in the park, tree characteristics
measurements and statistical analysis.
The aim was to describe the park through a single tree characteristics and to find out how the
diameters and heights differ from the naturally growing trees. In this research was used Fieldmap
Data collector and statistical analysis was made with MS Office Excel. The result of the
field work is a map about extent of the crown of the trees and their location.
The main result was the proportion of big larches and lindens crown projections. Standard
deviation of the larches trees was 86,16 cm and linden trees 63,03 cm. Larches stem volume
was 151,40 m3
/ha. Comparing the heights of the park and open- landscape trees accomplished
expected result that open-landscape trees are lower than forest trees. Larches first layers
height difference between park and forest trees was 18,5m.
The measurement data can be used for studies, measurements and analyses in other similar
parks. For a better comparison of the results the author of the thesis suggests that additional
measurements of park trees should be conducted in Estonia to create a universal model for
trees and shrubs
The phonetic basis for tonal melody mapping
No full textTonal melody mapping (for example, one tone per syllable, in left-to-right fashion) has been proposed as a common way of analyzing lexical tonal patterns for languages like Mende, Etung, and Kikuyu (Leben 1971, 1973, 1978; Edmondson and Bendor-Samuel 1966; Clements 1984). I argue that the mapping analyses of lexical tones in these cases are unwarranted and the surface tonal patterns resulted from such 'mapping' are in fact due to constraints on the distribution of contour tones. These constraints are phonetically grounded, and are based on the principles that contours are preferentially limited to syllables with longer duration. These include, but are not limited to, the final syllables in a prosodic domain (Oller 1973, Klatt 1975) and syllables in shorter words (Lehiste 1972, Lindblom and Rapp 1973).The definitive version of this article was published in WCCFL 19 : proceedings of the 19th West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics (2000) and is available at http://www.cascadilla.com/wccfl19.htmlZhang, J. (2000). The Phonetic Basis for Tonal Melody Mapping. In R. Billerey & B.D. Lillehaugen (Eds.), WCCFL 19 : Proceedings of the 19th West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics (pp. 43-56.). Somerville, MA : Cascadilla Press
Balto-Slavic accentuation revisited
No full textThere is every reason to welcome the revised edition (2009) of Thomas Olander’s dissertation (2006), which I have criticized elsewhere (2006). The book is very well written and the author has a broad command of the scholarly literature. I have not found any mistakes in Olander’s rendering of other people’s views. This makes the book especially useful as an introduction to the subject. It must be hoped that the easy access to a complex set of problems which this book offers will have a stimulating effect on the study of Balto-Slavic accentology
Correction: Epidemiology and outcomes of early-onset AKI in COVID-19-related ARDS in comparison with non-COVID-19-related ARDS: insights from two prospective global cohort studies (Critical Care, (2023), 27, 1, (3), 10.1186/s13054-022-04294-5)
No full textFollowing publication of the original article [1], the authors identified that the collaborating authors part of the collaborating author group CCCC Consortium was missing. The collaborating author group is available and included as Additional file 1 in this article
Interdirectionality of Transmission of Jesus and Gospel Traditions in Bilingual Contexts
No full textShort-term and working memory in children with specific language impairment
No full textInvestigations of the cognitive processes underlying Specific Language Impairment (SLI) have implicated deficits in the storage and processing of phonological or verbal information. This thesis reports five studies that investigated the role of short-term and working memory in children with SLI. Study 1 demonstrated SLI deficits on measures of verbal working memory, and short-term memory for verbal but not visuospatial information. Study 2 provided evidence that children with SLI perform at age-level on visuospatial working memory measures. Study 3 demonstrated slower processing in the SLI group across domains, as well as verbal storage decrements, with the greatest deficits found for tasks tapping both of these. Study 4 found SLI deficits on measures of nonword repetition in common use, with greater impairments on the task that relied to a lesser extent on short-term memory. Study 5 established more accurate recall for multisyllabic nonwords than matched single syllable lists for all groups, although the SLI group showed different patterns of phoneme retention. It is suggested that the combination of deficits in generalized processing speed and verbal storage in SLI may be expected to have a drastic and detrimental impact on learning, and provides an account of the disorder that could encompass the range of impairments observed in SLI. The findings also suggest that factors additional to short-term memory contribute to poor nonword repetition in SLI
Characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients admitted to hospital with and without respiratory symptoms
No full textBackground: COVID-19 is primarily known as a respiratory illness; however, many patients present to hospital without respiratory symptoms. The association between non-respiratory presentations of COVID-19 and outcomes remains unclear. We investigated risk factors and clinical outcomes in patients with no respiratory symptoms (NRS) and respiratory symptoms (RS) at hospital admission. Methods: This study describes clinical features, physiological parameters, and outcomes of hospitalised COVID-19 patients, stratified by the presence or absence of respiratory symptoms at hospital admission. RS patients had one or more of: cough, shortness of breath, sore throat, runny nose or wheezing; while NRS patients did not. Results: Of 178,640 patients in the study, 86.4 % presented with RS, while 13.6 % had NRS. NRS patients were older (median age: NRS: 74 vs RS: 65) and less likely to be admitted to the ICU (NRS: 36.7 % vs RS: 37.5 %). NRS patients had a higher crude in-hospital case-fatality ratio (NRS 41.1 % vs. RS 32.0 %), but a lower risk of death after adjusting for confounders (HR 0.88 [0.83-0.93]). Conclusion: Approximately one in seven COVID-19 patients presented at hospital admission without respiratory symptoms. These patients were older, had lower ICU admission rates, and had a lower risk of in-hospital mortality after adjusting for confounders
Impact of Hemoglobin Levels on Composite Cardiac Arrest or Stroke Outcome in Patients With Respiratory Failure Due to COVID-19
No full textOBJECTIVES:. Anemia has been associated with an increased risk of both cardiac arrest and stroke, frequent complications of COVID-19. The effect of hemoglobin level at ICU admission on a composite outcome of cardiac arrest or stroke in an international cohort of COVID-19 patients was investigated.
DESIGN:. Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected database.
SETTING:. A registry of COVID-19 patients admitted to ICUs at over 370 international sites was reviewed for patients diagnosed with cardiac arrest or stroke up to 30 days after ICU admission. Anemia was defined as: normal (hemoglobin ≥ 12.0 g/dL for women, ≥ 13.5 g/dL for men), mild (hemoglobin 10.0–11.9 g/dL for women, 10.0–13.4 g/dL for men), moderate (hemoglobin ≥ 8.0 and < 10.0 g/dL for women and men), and severe (hemoglobin < 8.0 g/dL for women and men).
PATIENTS:. Patients older than 18 years with acute COVID-19 infection in the ICU.
INTERVENTIONS:. None.
MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:. Of 6926 patients (median age = 59 yr, male = 65%), 760 patients (11.0%) experienced stroke (2.0%) and/or cardiac arrest (9.4%). Cardiac arrest or stroke was more common in patients with low hemoglobin, occurring in 12.8% of patients with normal hemoglobin, 13.3% of patients with mild anemia, and 16.7% of patients with moderate/severe anemia. Time to stroke or cardiac arrest by anemia status was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression with death as a competing risk. Covariates selected through clinical knowledge were age, sex, comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and cardiac or neurologic conditions), pandemic era, country income, mechanical ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Moderate/severe anemia was associated with a higher risk of cardiac arrest or stroke (hazard ratio, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.05–1.67).
CONCLUSIONS:. In an international registry of ICU patients with COVID-19, moderate/severe anemia was associated with increased hazard of cardiac arrest or stroke
