1,162 research outputs found
The ‘Joyce Banda Effect’: Public Opinion and Voting Behaviour in Malawi
No full textIn the 2014 elections in Malawi, the incumbent female president Joyce Banda lost the presidency, and the number of women MPs was reduced from 43 to 33. This decline in women representation came despite opinion polls showing strong support for women’s political rights and for equal gender representation in politics. Why has women’s representation gone down when public attitude surveys indicate strong support for women?
In 2003, the Afrobarometer survey asked respondents to indicate if they agree that women should have equal rights and should receive the same treatment as men, and 52 per cent of the respondents were positive to this. In 2005, this had increased to almost 80 per cent of the respondents, and in 2012 the overwhelming majority was still of the opinion that women should have the same chance of being elected to political office as men.
However, in the 2014 elections in Malawi, President Joyce Banda lost the presidency, her party (the People’s Party , PP) got only 18 per cent of the votes, and the percentage of women in parliament went down from 22.3 to 16.7. It seems that Joyce Banda dragged herself and others down.
In this brief, we will try to unravel this puzzle, using two possible and plausible explanations. First, there could be a methodological problem with the opinion polls, the so-called ‘social desirability’ bias. That is, respondents have a tendency to provide answers that the respondents believe is ‘correct’ or ‘socially acceptable’. Secondly, it could be a problem of ‘role-modelling’: the performance of a particular representative has a tendency of shaping public opinion and future attitudes on that representative and on what he/she represents. That is, the failure of the woman president may have brought down the popularity also of other women politicians.
Stable Opinion and ‘Yeah-saying’
In order to assess whethe
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Conclusion:Better cancer care and greater local health security: Lessons, opportunities and ways forward
No full textIn pulling together the book’s analytical themes and practical lessons in the conclusion, this chapter emphasises as a core theme the scope for bringing together health, industrial development and innovation to build greater local health security, for cancer care, across the spectrum of health need and pandemic preparedness. The pandemic and our study of cancer care reinforced the importance of simultaneous co-resolution of challenges pertaining to health systems strengthening, development of broad industrial capabilities and improvements in planning, organisational, funding and institutional capabilities. This is critical for building agile and resilient local health security, a critical pre-condition for global health security.</p
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The Cancer Care Challenge in the Light of Pandemic Experience
No full textThis introductory chapter argues that tackling the escalating cancer crisis in Africa and India is essential for human wellbeing and inclusive health care, while having much to teach about how to build better local health security in low- and middle-income contexts. Global health security is built on the foundations of strong local health security. Local health security in turn relies on effective and innovative industrial supply chains to provide essential medicines, devices and other commodities at manageable prices, and effective industrial-health sector policy collaboration to ensure broad health benefit, lessons the pandemic has hammered home
PLANNING FOR THE END OF THE CONSTRUCTION BOOM AND TRANSITION TO A NORMAL ECONOMY IN ACEH AND NIAS
No full textThere is a very real danger that the transition from the Construction Boom in 2009 to a rapidly growing sustainable normal economy in Aceh will not happen unless both preventive and effective constructive measures are implemented during the coming two years. Instead what could easily happen is a collapse into a deep recession caused by the economy of Aceh being uncompetitive relative to the rest of Indonesia because of its high costs and because in anticipation of this high cost economy situation insufficient investments were made by the private sector in 2006 and the coming two years.
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Emerging Business Models in Cancer Diagnostic Startups in India and Lessons for African Countries
No full textThis chapter examines three innovative medical devices and diagnostics startups in India with potential for improving cancer care in low-resource health systems. The chapter describes and discusses their business model adaptations to India’s complex cancer care markets, and shows how early stage financial support, from government schemes, financial institutions, universities and venture capital, is instrumental in supporting entrepreneurship. However, firms struggle to capture value in later stages of technology commercialisation because of a lack of last-mile investment, medical culture and barriers to accessing the public healthcare market. Implications are drawn for industrial support in African contexts
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Realistic Ambitions: Technology Transfer for Biologics Platform Technologies
No full textThis chapter argues that the recent international support for expanding vaccine production in African countries offers local policymakers and industrialists an opportunity that should be seized, to transition local manufacturing capabilities to produce biologics. Biologics offer a broader portfolio of cancer therapies. Biologics such as monoclonal antibodies represent an incremental innovation for vaccine manufacturers, with lower learning and transition costs than those that would be faced by manufacturers of chemical drugs seeking to move into biologics. However, biologics production in Africa is not only a technological project, it is also political and economic, feeding into geo-politics debates
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The Social Pain of Cancer in East Africa: Understanding Need
No full textCancer is both an individual physical, social and psychological crisis for a patient with one of the many forms of this category of non-communicable disease, and also a cause of deep social pain. Cancer spreads its tentacles through families and friends, social groups and the wider economy, generating stigma, financial destruction, social and psychological damage. This chapter makes the case for a very broad social understanding of cancer need, framing cancer as a whole-society problem, with psychological, social, economic and spiritual impacts much wider than the sufferer. This framing also implies greater attention to survivability and human dignity in policies, practices and provision
Using Scenarios to Support Innovation and Mutual Linkages
No full textThis chapter describes scenario building with local stakeholders from industry and healthcare, including clinicians, policymakers and regulators, to identify interlocking scope for intervention towards sustainable health improvement. Scenario building is highly collaborative and envisages different possible futures to answer ‘what if’ policy questions. The chapter explains how to build scenarios using participatory mapping of cross-system linkages, and describes two cancer care innovation exercises: one describes collaborative scenario building on how to tackle pain management gaps in Tanzania; the second documents collective envisaging in Kenya of how to improve access to essential cancer care commodities, needed to support dignity and ability to work
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Access to Cancer Care: navigating the maze
No full textThis chapter analyses narratives from over 450 patients in Kenya and Tanzania, describing their cancer “pathways”, drawing also on views from carers and health workers. We characterise patients’ experiences as, too often, finding themselves in a “maze” after they first visit a health facility. Rather than a smooth clinical pathway from symptoms to diagnosis, patients had found themselves struggling to find money to move through a confusing health system maze, largely without maps or guides to aid their search for information, diagnosis and treatment. The chapter describes patterns of experience within the maze, and implications for access to care
The P2TP2A’s Effort to Cope with the Intensification of Sexual Abuse of Children in Perspective of the Islamic Family Law (A Case Study at the City of Banda Aceh)
No full textLaw Number 35 of 2014 Article 1 Paragraph (2) Regarding Child Protection includes all activities designed to guarantee and protect children and their rights so that they can live, grow, and develop in accordance with human dignity, and receive protection from violence and discrimination. However, sexual violence against minors continues to be a reality in our society. According to data from P2TP2A Banda Aceh, there were 13 cases in 2018 and 19 cases in 2019. The author wishes to know how effective P2TP2A Banda Aceh’s efforts are in combating sexual violence against minors and what obstacles this particular institution faces in this regard. This is a qualitative case study research investigating strategies used to cope with abuses against minors. The results indicate providing guidance and education are two important strategies used in its effort to cope it sexual abuses against minors. In addition, legal assistance services, health and psychological services, safe housing services (shelter), social rehab services are also provided for this cause. The obstacles that P2TP2A Banda Aceh faces in combating sexual violence against children are familial disgrace, trauma victims, infrastructure, and facilities. In addition to P2TP2A Banda Aceh, the Banda Aceh Police and LBH (Legal Aid Institute) of Banda Aceh participated in combating the rising incidence of sexual violence against minors in the city of Banda Aceh. This study also suggests that the Banda Aceh Police conducted investigations after receiving complaints from the public. And research conducted by LBH Banda Aceh indicates that the efforts made include providing legal assistance to victims.
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